source corpus
Documents
The text the scoring pipeline reads. Each document is tied to a party (or politician) with a published date, a source URL, and either Arabic, Hebrew, or English content. Open any one to read the verbatim source and see how it was scored.
IL 88 
LB 47 
EG 44 
PS 40 
IQ 28 
MA 20 
SY 20 
YE 19 
TN 17 
JO 15 
SA 15 
SD 15 
DZ 12 
LY 11 
AE 9 
BH 9 
QA 7 
MR 6 
OM 2 
KW 2 -
Article English IL 2025-09-24 Benny Gantz — “What the World Gets Wrong About Israel” (New York Times op-ed), 24 September 2025
Since Oct. 7, 2023, from my position both in Israel's war cabinet and in the opposition, I have watched how some in the West have misinterpreted Israel's actions in prosecuting its war against Hamas. For Israelis, that day was not another round in a yearslong conflict. It was a strategic rupture — and a reminder of…
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Article English SD 2025-07-01 Tier 2 Hemedti (Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, RSF commander) — on the RSF-led Tasis ("Founding") Alliance and its 1 July 2025 parallel-government declaration (The EastAfrican): "We are not building a parallel state… we are building the only realistic future for Sudan," and the alliance's charter for a decentralised federal, secular, democratic state. (Declared vision vs the RSF's record — Hemedti is US-designated for genocide.)
"We are not building a parallel state. We are building the only realistic future for Sudan," said RSF leader Mohamed Hamdani Daglo aka Hemedti, in a speech shared on the group's Telegram channel. it was no different from the one initially signed in Nairobi as a "peace charter" to create a decentralised federal…
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Article English IL 2025-06-13 June 2025 Israel–Iran war (the “12-Day War”; Operation Rising Lion)
On 13 June 2025, Israel launched a large-scale air campaign ("Operation Rising Lion") against Iran, striking nuclear facilities including Natanz, ballistic-missile infrastructure, and senior military commanders; Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the operation was aimed at rolling back Iran's nuclear-weapons…
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Article English SY 2025-01-29 Ahmad al-Sharaa named Syria's transitional president (29 Jan 2025)
On 29 January 2025, Ahmad al-Sharaa was named president of Syria for the transitional period at a conference of the factions that had toppled Bashar al-Assad. He had become the country's de facto leader on 8 December 2024 after the fall of Damascus and was the founder and head of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, which…
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Article English PS 2025-01-19 Gaza ceasefire and hostage-prisoner exchange deal takes effect (19 Jan 2025)
A ceasefire between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian factions in Gaza took effect on 19 January 2025, structured in three 42-day phases and mediated by the United States, Egypt, and Qatar. In the first phase Hamas was to release 33 Israeli hostages while Israel released roughly 1,900 Palestinian prisoners, allowed a…
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Article English LB 2025-01-13 Nawaf Salam named Prime Minister-designate of Lebanon (13 Jan 2025)
On 13 January 2025, Nawaf Salam was nominated by 84 of Lebanon's 128 members of parliament, making him prime minister-designate days after Joseph Aoun's election as president. Salam was at the time president of the International Court of Justice, a post he resigned on 14 January 2025 to take up the role. He went on to…
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Article English LB 2025-01-09 Joseph Aoun elected President of Lebanon, ending a two-year vacancy (9 Jan 2025)
On 9 January 2025 Lebanon's parliament elected army commander Joseph Aoun as president, ending a roughly two-year vacancy in the post. He secured 99 of 128 votes as a consensus candidate backed by US, French, and Saudi diplomacy. In his inaugural address he pledged to assert the state's monopoly on arms and to pursue…
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Article English SY 2024-12-08 Fall of the Assad regime — opposition forces take Damascus; Bashar al-Assad flees to Russia (8 December 2024)
On 8 December 2024, opposition forces led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) captured Damascus, ending more than five decades of Assad-family rule in Syria. President Bashar al-Assad fled the country, and the Russian foreign ministry confirmed he had left after resigning; he was granted asylum in Russia. The offensive had…
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Article English LB 2024-11-27 Israel–Hezbollah ceasefire takes effect, ending the 2024 war (27 Nov 2024)
A US-brokered cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah took effect at 04:00 local time on 27 November 2024, ending more than a year of cross-border fighting that had escalated into open war. The agreement set a 60-day initial period during which Israeli forces were to withdraw from southern Lebanon and…
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Article English PS 2024-10-16 Hamas Gaza leader Yahya Sinwar killed by Israeli forces in Rafah (16 Oct 2024)
Yahya Sinwar, the head of Hamas in Gaza and chairman of its political bureau, was killed on 16 October 2024 during an encounter with Israeli soldiers in the Tel al-Sultan area of Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip. The Israeli military announced his likely death on 17 October and confirmed it via dental records,…
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Article English TN 2024-10-06 Kais Saied re-elected President of Tunisia in a low-turnout vote (6 Oct 2024)
Incumbent Kais Saied won re-election in Tunisia's presidential election held on 6 October 2024 with about 90.7 percent of the vote. Official turnout was roughly 28.8 percent, the lowest of any national vote since the 2011 revolution. The contest was marked by the disqualification or imprisonment of several would-be…
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Article English LB 2024-09-27 Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah killed in Israeli airstrike on Beirut's southern suburbs (27 Sep 2024)
Hassan Nasrallah, who had led Hezbollah since 1992, was killed on 27 September 2024 in an Israeli airstrike on the group's headquarters in the Dahiyeh area south of Beirut while leadership were meeting there. Hezbollah confirmed his death on 28 September 2024, saying he had 'joined his fellow martyrs.' A senior…
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Article English JO 2024-09-10 Islamic Action Front becomes the largest bloc in Jordan's parliamentary election (10 Sep 2024)
In Jordan's general election held on 10 September 2024, the Islamic Action Front, the political arm of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, won 31 of the 138 seats in the House of Representatives, more than any other party. It was the party's strongest result since 1989, with observers linking the gains to its stance on…
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Article English PS 2024-07-31 Hamas political chief Ismail Haniyeh assassinated in Tehran (31 Jul 2024)
Ismail Haniyeh, the chairman of Hamas's political bureau, was assassinated in Tehran in the early hours of 31 July 2024 while staying at an IRGC-run guesthouse. He had travelled to Iran to attend the inauguration of newly elected President Masoud Pezeshkian the previous day. A bodyguard was also killed. Haniyeh had…
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Article English KW 2024-05-10 Kuwait's Emir Mishal dissolves the National Assembly and suspends parts of the constitution for up to four years (10 May 2024)
On 10 May 2024, Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Mishal al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah issued a decree dissolving the National Assembly and suspending several articles of the constitution for a period of up to four years. He said the step was intended to allow a comprehensive review of the democratic process, citing chronic deadlock…
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Article English PS 2023-10-07 Hamas-led attack on southern Israel — 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' (7 October 2023)
On 7 October 2023, Hamas led a surprise attack from the Gaza Strip into southern Israel — which it named 'Operation Al-Aqsa Flood' — together with other Palestinian armed groups. About 1,200 people were killed in Israel, the deadliest single day in the country's history, and roughly 250 people were taken hostage into…
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Article Arabic SY 2023-05-07 Arab League readmits Syria; Assad attends the Jeddah summit, 7 May 2023
Syria's participation in the Arab League had been suspended in November 2011 over the Assad government's violent crackdown on the country's pro-democracy uprising. On 7 May 2023, meeting in an extraordinary session in Cairo, Arab League foreign ministers adopted decision no. 8914 resuming the participation of Syrian…
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Article English SD 2023-04-15 Sudan war erupts — the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces clash in Khartoum (15 April 2023)
On 15 April 2023, heavy fighting erupted in Khartoum and at military sites nationwide, including the city's airport and the Merowe air base, between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) commanded by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) led by his deputy-turned-rival Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo,…
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Article English SA 2023-03-10 China-brokered Saudi–Iran agreement to restore diplomatic relations (Beijing), 10 March 2023
On 10 March 2023, after four days of talks in Beijing hosted and mediated by China, Saudi Arabia and Iran announced an agreement to restore diplomatic relations that had been severed for more than seven years. The two governments agreed to reopen their embassies and missions within a period not exceeding two months…
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Article English IL 2023-02-23 Tier 2 Religious Zionism's behavioral record in power: the Defense-Ministry memorandum transferring authority over most West Bank civil affairs (COGAT / Civil Administration — land, planning, 'state land' declarations, settlement 'legalization', the new 'Settlement Administration') to party leader Bezalel Smotrich as 'additional minister' — implementing, per Adalah, the Religious Zionist Party's "Israeli sovereignty" / de-facto-annexation agenda. Powers list documented verbatim by Adalah; transfer formalized Feb 2023 (coalition agreement Dec 2022); corroborated by The Washington Institute.
According to the memorandum, the Defense Minister will retain responsibility for military activities in the West Bank, while Smotrich will have authority over most civil matters. This includes directing policies for the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) and civil administration in key…
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Article English IL 2023-01-04 Tier 2 Likud behavioral democracy record — the 2023 judicial overhaul: the Likud-led government's plan (architected by Likud Justice Minister Yariv Levin) to curb Supreme Court judicial review; PM Netanyahu (Likud) said it would "strengthen democracy," while the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights warned it would "drastically undermine" the judiciary's check on executive and legislative power. Reported by JURIST (Feb 2023).
Specifically, Türk said that the proposals would limit the Israeli Supreme Court’s ability to perform judicial review of legislation and would require either a super majority or unanimity of judges for the court to overturn legislation. Netanyahu also dismissed Türk’s concerns and said the reforms would “strengthen…
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Article English IL 2022-12-27 Tier 2 Shas behavioral democracy / rule-of-law record — the "Deri Law" (27 Dec 2022): at Shas's behest, the new coalition amended Basic Law: The Government to exclude suspended sentences from the bar on convicts serving as ministers, specifically so convicted Shas leader Aryeh Deri could be appointed minister — criticized as "personal legislation." Documented by JURIST (Univ. of Pittsburgh Law).
This morning, 27th December, Israel’s new coalition passed a bill that will allow parliament member Aryeh Deri, leader of the “Shas” faction in the Knesset, to be nominated as minister despite his recent criminal convictions of tax offenses. Now the new government of Benjamin Netanyahu has changed the relevant clause…
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Article English SD 2021-10-25 Sudan: al-Burhan seizes power in the 25 October 2021 coup, dissolving the transitional government
On 25 October 2021, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, head of Sudan's Sovereign Council, declared a nationwide state of emergency, dissolved the Sovereign Council and the civilian-led transitional cabinet, and detained Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok and several ministers, ending the power-sharing transition established…
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Article English AE 2021-01-27 Tier 2 Ahmed Mansoor (Emirati human-rights defender; Martin Ennals laureate) — per Human Rights Watch / GCHR (27 Jan 2021): the UAE jailed its most prominent rights activist for 10 years for peaceful advocacy — his tweets about injustices, online human-rights conferences and contacts with HRW/GCHR were used as criminal evidence; UAE laws "criminalize the peaceful criticism of senior officials... and... imprison anyone who argues for political reform."
Mansoor’s tweets about injustices, participation in international human rights conferences online, and his email exchanges and WhatsApp conversations with international human rights organizations, including Human Rights Watch and the Gulf Centre for Human Rights, were all included as evidence of criminal activity to…
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Article English MA 2020-12-22 Tier 2 PJD declared-vs-behavioral divergence on Israel normalization: the party's historic anti-normalization stance (incl. a 2013 bill to ban any ties) vs its acquiescence in power to King Mohammed VI's December 2020 normalization with Israel — signed by PJD secretary-general/PM Saadeddine El Othmani. Documented by the Moshe Dayan Center (Tel Aviv University); royal-prerogative context noted.
It has historically opposed normalization with Israel; in August 2013, together with other parties, the PJD submitted a bill that would have banned any relations between Morocco and Israel. the Party for Justice and Development (PJD), the Moroccan Islamist ruling party, has faced criticism for its acquiescence to the…
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Article English IL 2020-09-15 Abraham Accords signed at the White House — Israel normalizes with the UAE and Bahrain, 15 September 2020
On 15 September 2020, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed the US-brokered Abraham Accords at a White House ceremony hosted by President Donald Trump, alongside UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Bahraini Foreign Minister Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani. The UAE and Bahrain became the…
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Article Arabic IQ 2020-07-20 Ammar al-Hakim — “Historic Opportunity to Build a Strong Iraqi State” (Asharq al-Awsat op-ed), 20 July 2020 (English translation of Arabic)
The conflict of the state and non-state in Iraq began when fundamental changes were introduced to its system of rule. […] We can either have a state or a non-state. It is from this point that a state can begin to take shape and grow. A state based on institutions is the foundation of the Mihrab Martyr's political…
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Article English YE 2020-04-11 Tier 2 Ansar Allah (Houthis) behavioral press-freedom record: the Houthi-controlled Specialized Criminal Court in Sanaa sentenced four detained journalists (Amran, al-Walidi, Humaid, al-Mansouri) to death on 11 Apr 2020 over their journalism; the UN Group of Eminent Experts found the Houthis use these courts "to suppress dissent." Documented by Human Rights Watch (6 Nov 2020); corroborated by CPJ (11 Apr 2020).
On April 11, 2020, the Houthi-controlled Specialized Criminal Court in Sanaa sentenced the four Yemeni journalists to death after an unfair trial on politically motivated charges of treason and spying for foreign states because of their work as journalists. The United Nations Group of Eminent Experts for Yemen has…
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Article English EG 2020-01-23 Ayman Nour — “Egypt's choice is clear: Democracy – or chaos under Sisi” (Middle East Eye op-ed), 23 January 2020
On 25 January, Egyptians will celebrate the ninth anniversary of the revolution. […] Nine years on, Egypt has become one of the most repressive regimes in the world. Popular anger has reached a turning point, as evidenced by recent protests. […] with more than 60,000 political prisoners, including more than 300 on…
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Article English IL 2019-09-22 Ayman Odeh — 'We Are Ending Netanyahu's Grip on Israel' (The New York Times op-ed, 22 September 2019)
JERUSALEM — The Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel have chosen to reject Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his politics of fear and hate, and the inequality and division he advanced for the past decade. Last summer, Mr. Netanyahu declared that Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel, who make up a fifth of the…
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Article Arabic EG 2019-04-18 Tier 2 Mostaqbal Watan's behavioral democracy/regime record: the party (chaired by Ashraf Rashad) held mass rallies and campaigned for a "yes" vote on the April 2019 constitutional amendments that extended Sisi's tenure (potentially to 2030) and entrenched military/executive power. Party rally documented by Al-Ahram (18 Apr 2019); amendments' content per HRW/ICJ ("consolidate authoritarian rule").
نظم حزب مستقبل وطن فى محافظة الشرقية مؤتمرا جماهيريا حاشدا باستاد الزقازيق الرياضي، بحضور المهندسين أشرف رشاد الشريف رئيس الحزب، والنائب أشرف رشاد عثمان، نائب رئيس الحزب، والمهندس حسام الخولى الأمين العام للحزب وناشد جموع المواطنين من شباب الشرقية بصفة خاصة والمصريين بصفة عامة النزول والمشاركة بكثافة يومي 20 و21 و22…
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Article English SD 2019-04-11 Military ousts Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir after mass protests, 11 April 2019
Protests that began in December 2018 over rising bread prices and a collapsing economy widened into a nationwide movement demanding the resignation of President Omar al-Bashir, who had ruled Sudan for 30 years. On 6 April 2019 demonstrators began a mass sit-in outside the army's general command headquarters in…
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Article English PS 2019-03-20 Tier 2 Hamas behavioral civil-liberties / press-freedom record in Gaza: the March 2019 crackdown on the "We Want to Live" (Bidna Na'eesh) economic protests — Hamas security forces beat demonstrators, rights defenders and journalists and made 1,000+ arbitrary arrests (incl. at least 17 journalists and 6 human-rights defenders). Documented by Human Rights Watch (20 Mar 2019).
Hamas security forces have responded by viciously beating demonstrators, as shown in footage we have reviewed; rights defenders, including two senior representatives of the Palestinian watchdog the Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR); and opponents, including the spokesman of Fatah, its political rival…
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Article English SY 2019-01-28 Tier 2 Hayat Tahrir al-Sham behavioral civil-liberties / press-freedom record in Idlib: HRW documented 11 cases of HTS detaining residents for peacefully documenting abuses or protesting its rule (6 tortured), plus the death sentence of journalist Amjad al-Maleh. Documented by Human Rights Watch (28 Jan 2019).
Human Rights Watch documented 11 cases in which the group, Hay’et Tahrir al-Sham, detained Idlib residents, apparently because of their peaceful work documenting abuses or protesting the group’s rule. Six of those detained were apparently tortured. On December 9, citing sources close to Hay’et Tahrir al-Sham, news…
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Article English PS 2018-10-23 Tier 2 Fatah-led Palestinian Authority behavioral civil-liberties / press-freedom record: HRW found the PA "routinely arrest[s] and torture[s] peaceful critics and opponents" in the West Bank, and held 221 Palestinians in administrative detention without charge or trial (Jan 2017–Aug 2018). HRW report "Two Authorities, One Way, Zero Dissent" (23 Oct 2018).
The Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the West Bank and Hamas authorities in Gaza routinely arrest and torture peaceful critics and opponents, Human Rights Watch said in a report released today. Palestinian Authority security forces also held 221 Palestinians for various periods between January 2017 and August 2018…
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Article English SA 2018-10-02 Killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, 2 October 2018
Jamal Khashoggi — a Washington Post columnist and prominent Saudi critic — was killed and dismembered inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by a team of Saudi agents. Saudi Arabia initially denied any knowledge of his fate, then acknowledged he had died inside the consulate, describing it as the…
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Article Hebrew IL 2017-09-07 Bezalel Smotrich — 'Israel's Decisive Plan' (Hashiloach, 2017; English translation of Hebrew original)
The "two-state" model has led Israel to a dead end. It has brought a sense of despair of ending the conflict, and a turn to "managing" it as a cruel and eternal decree of fate. The alternative to this is a new readiness of Israeli society to win the conflict, rather than merely managing it—a victory founded on the…
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Article Hebrew IL 2017-09-01 תוכנית ההכרעה: המפתח לשלום נמצא בימין (The Decisive Plan) — Bezalel Smotrich's programmatic essay (the Religious Zionist Party line)
מודל "שתי המדינות" הביא את ישראל למבוי סתום: ייאוש מאפשרויות סיום הסכסוך ופנייה ל"ניהול" שלו כגזרת-גורל אכזרית ונצחית. האלטרנטיבה תלויה בנכונות של החברה הישראלית להגיע להכרעה במקום לנהל את הסכסוךהכרעה שעיקרה ההבנה שאין מקום בארץ ישראל לשתי תנועות לאומיות סותרות. את הזהות הלאומית אין לנו יומרה למחוק או לשנות; אבל את…
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Article English BH 2016-05-30 Tier 2 Sheikh Ali Salman (Secretary-General of al-Wefaq, Bahrain's main opposition party) — Amnesty International (30 May 2016): Bahrain's appeal court upheld his conviction and raised his sentence from 4 to 9 years over 2012/2014 speeches criticizing the government; Amnesty deems him a prisoner of conscience jailed solely for peacefully expressing his views.
In a shocking attack on the right to freedom of expression Bahrain’s authorities today upheld the conviction of opposition leader Sheikh ‘Ali Salman and increased his prison sentence from four to nine years for giving speeches in which he criticized the government, said Amnesty International. Sheikh ‘Ali Salman, who…
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Article English EG 2015-04-05 Tier 2 Mahmoud Abu Zeid "Shawkan" (Egyptian photojournalist; 2018 UNESCO Press Freedom laureate) — from his April 2015 letter smuggled out of Tora prison (Amnesty International): his account of being arrested on 14 Aug 2013 simply for photographing the Rabaa dispersal — jailed 5½ years for "taking pictures."
My life changed forever on the morning of Wednesday 14 August 2013. I was taking pictures of people protesting on the streets of Cairo when police came and locked down the streets. Thousands of people were immediately arrested – not only Morsi supporters, but also dozens of people caught up in the wrong place at the…
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Article English IQ 2013-04-28 Tier 2 State of Law-led (Maliki) government's press-freedom record: the Communications and Media Commission's 28 Apr 2013 suspension of 10 satellite channels (incl. Al Jazeera), targeting opposition/pro-Sunni outlets after their Hawija-raid coverage — HRW found no legal basis (arbitrary). Documented by Human Rights Watch (30 Apr 2013); corroborated by CPJ.
The official Communications and Media Commission suspended the licenses on April 28, 2013, amid spiraling violence and anti-government demonstrations in Sunni-majority provinces. The license suspensions targeted exclusively opposition stations while leaving others like state-run al-Iraqiya channel free to continue…
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Article English EG 2012-12-05 Tier 2 FJP behavioral civil-liberties record — the Dec 2012 Itihadiya Palace detentions: FJP Deputy Secretary Essam al-Erian called on air for protesters to be "arrested," and Brotherhood/FJP members detained and beat 49 anti-Morsi protesters at a makeshift center (a police report records "youth from the Freedom and Justice Party" handed them over). Documented by Human Rights Watch (12 Dec 2012).
During the clashes on the evening of December 5, FJP Deputy Secretary Essam al-Erian gave a live television interview, saying, “Everyone must go now to Ettihadiya and surround the thugs and separate the real revolutionaries out for one or two nights and then we can arrest them all.” Alleged Muslim Brotherhood and FJP…
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Article Arabic TN 2012-03-26 Tier 2 Ennahda's March 2012 decision to retain Article 1 of the 1959 constitution unchanged (rejecting sharia as a source of legislation in the new constitution), with leader Rached Ghannouchi framing it as "a victory for the democratic Muslim state" — Al-Masry Al-Youm, reporting the decision announced Mon 26 Mar 2012 (article 29 Mar 2012).
كانت حركة النهضة الإسلامية التي تقود الحكومة في تونس، أعلنت الإثنين أنها قررت الاحتفاظ بالفصل الأول من الدستور السابق كما ورد دون تغيير. نفى زعيم حركة النهضة التونسية راشد الغنوشي، أن يكون قرار الحركة الاحتفاظ بالفصل الأول من الدستور السابق دون تغيير، والذي ينص على أن «تونس دولة حرة، مستقلة، ذات سيادة، الإسلام دينها…
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Article English LB 2008-05-15 Tier 2 Amal Movement behavioral conduct-axis record: its militia's participation in the May 2008 armed takeover of West Beirut alongside Hezbollah — turning arms inward against fellow Lebanese, conducting searches and arrests of Future Movement militants. Documented by the International Crisis Group, "Hizbollah's Weapons Turn Inward" (15 May 2008; ETH/ISN mirror of the ICG briefing).
The fighting pitted Hizbollah’s and Amal’s Shiite militias against Sunnis. As of 10 May, the various groups involved in the fighting (Hizbollah as well as militias belonging to Amal and the National Social Syrian Party) were still in charge of a number of neighbourhoods and were continuing to conduct searches and…
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Article English LB 2008-05-15 Tier 2 Hezbollah behavioral conduct-axis record: the May 2008 armed takeover of West Beirut — turning its weapons inward against Lebanese rivals after the government challenged its parallel telecom network — a sharp divergence from its declared "national resistance" identity. Documented by the International Crisis Group, "Hizbollah's Weapons Turn Inward" (15 May 2008).
Hizbollah’s takeover of much of West Beirut began as a cost-of-living strike on 7 May 2008. Yet the course of events, their speed and ultimately violent turn exposed the true stakes. Hizbollah clearly prevailed in the military showdown, demonstrating its ability to overrun any opponent. Politically, however, the…
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Article English PS 2002-01-16 Marwan Barghouti — "Want Security? End the Occupation" (Washington Post op-ed, 2002)
The only way for Israelis to have security is, quite simply, to end the 35-year-old Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory. Israelis must abandon the myth that it is possible to have peace and occupation at the same time, that peaceful coexistence is possible between slave and master. The lack of Israeli security…
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Article English PS 1993-09-13 Oslo Accords — Israel-PLO mutual recognition & the Declaration of Principles (September 1993)
In an exchange of letters dated 9 September 1993, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat wrote to Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin that "The PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel to exist in peace and security," accepted UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, and declared that "the PLO renounces the use of…
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Article English MA 1978-01-01 Tier 2 King Hassan II of Morocco — from his memoir "The Challenge" (1978): his conception of the SACRED MONARCHY — the king as Commander of the Faithful whose duties are "even greater and more demanding," who "must do everything but abdicate." [Second doc — distinct MONARCHY / religion-and-state / regime-legitimacy axis, vs his Green March / Western-Sahara doc.]
And if at the same time the king is Commander of the Faithful, his duties towards his people are even greater and more demanding…. A king must do everything but abdicate; and a king who does not feel at one with his subjects abdicates and abandons his mission. That I shall never do.
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Article English EG Tier 2 Saad Eddin Ibrahim (Egyptian-American sociologist; "father of Egyptian civil society"; jailed under Mubarak) — from his article "Toward Muslim Democracies" (via New Lines): his signature argument for the democratic INCLUSION of Islamists — "enlist Islamists under the flag of democracy" — rather than their exclusion. Coiner of "jumlukiya"; democracy as the cure for both tyranny and fundamentalism.
it will be better for us as democrats, for the Islamists, and for Egypt to enlist Islamists under the flag of democracy.