source corpus
Documents
The text the scoring pipeline reads. Each document is tied to a party (or politician) with a published date, a source URL, and either Arabic, Hebrew, or English content. Open any one to read the verbatim source and see how it was scored.
IL 64 
PS 32 
LB 29 
EG 25 
IQ 20 
SY 14 
TN 14 
MA 13 
YE 13 
JO 12 
SD 12 
DZ 9 
SA 9 
MR 6 
AE 5 
QA 5 
LY 5 
BH 4 
OM 2 
KW 1 -
Press release Hebrew IL 2026-04-26 Tier 2 Aryeh Deri (chairman, Shas) — public statement reacting to the High Court of Justice ruling conditioning Haredi state benefits on military-service status, 26 Apr 2026 (carried by Kipa).
החלטת בג"ץ האחרונה, מהווה פגיעה אנושה וחמורה ביותר ביסודות הקיום של עם ישראל בארץ ישראל
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Press release Hebrew IL 2026-04-26 Tier 2 Moshe Gafni (chairman, Degel HaTorah / United Torah Judaism) — public statement reacting to the High Court of Justice ruling (per Justice Sohlberg) that conditioned a series of Haredi state benefits on regularizing military-service status, 26 Apr 2026 (carried by Kipa).
מדינת ישראל הולכת ומאבדת את זהותה כמדינה יהודית ודמוקרטית. בג"ץ פועל בעקביות ובשיטתיות כדי לפגוע בלומדי התורה ולצמצם את מקומם במדינה
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Press release Hebrew IL 2026-04-26 Tier 2 Yitzhak Goldknopf (chairman, United Torah Judaism) — public statement reacting to the High Court of Justice ruling conditioning Haredi state benefits on military-service status, 26 Apr 2026 (carried by Kipa).
החלטה שדגל שחור מתנוסס מעליה. זו חציית קו אדום חמורה ופגיעה ישירה בלב הזהות היהודית של מדינת ישראל
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Speech Arabic OM 2025-09-27 Tier 2 Sultanate of Oman statement to the 80th UN General Assembly, 27 Sep 2025 (English translation of Arabic original)
President of the 80th Session of the General Assembly, The international community today is confronted with a broad spectrum of critical issues that weigh heavily on the conscience of humanity and require genuine cooperation and collective responsibility to address them effectively. However, there remains another…
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Speech Arabic AE 2025-09-27 Tier 2 UAE statement to the 80th UN General Assembly, delivered by Minister of State Lana Zaki Nusseibeh, 27 Sep 2025 (English; UAE institutional position under MBZ)
Madam President, Today, the world is marked by turmoil, conflict, and humanitarian crises. Threats to state sovereignty, proliferation risks and extremist ideologies persist, undermining the foundations of stability and development. Amidst these challenges, my country has chosen the path of prudence and…
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Speech Arabic BH 2025-09-26 Tier 2 Kingdom of Bahrain statement to the 80th UN General Assembly, 26 Sep 2025 (English translation of Arabic original) — first Bahraini UN row, under leadership of King Hamad
Madam President, This 80th Session of the General Assembly is convened with the world facing accelerating transformations and complex challenges, including geopolitical tensions, armed conflicts, climate change, and major political and economic crises. The Kingdom of Bahrain, under the leadership of His Majesty King…
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Speech Arabic SY 2025-09-24 Tier 2 President Ahmad al-Sharaa address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2025 — first Syrian president at UN in nearly 60 years (English translation of Arabic original)
In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate, The Syrian story is one that stirs emotions, where pain is mingled with hope. It is a story of a struggle between good and evil, between the weak and strong, in which there is support by none other than God or powerful falsehood, possessing all…
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Speech English JO 2025-09-23 Tier 2 King Abdullah II address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 23 Sep 2025
In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful Madam President, Mr. Secretary General, Your Excellencies: Another year, another UN General Assembly, and another occasion when I stand before you to address the same issue: the conflict in the Middle East. Our UN General Assembly was born 80 years ago, pledging…
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Speech Arabic QA 2025-09-23 Tier 2 Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 23 Sep 2025 — after the 9 Sep 2025 Israeli strike on Doha targeting the Hamas negotiating delegation (English translation of Arabic original)
Your Excellency, President of the General Assembly, Your Excellency, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Honorable Audience, May the peace, mercy and blessings of God be upon you, The United Nations was established eight decades ago on a set of rules and principles reached by humanity after two world wars.…
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Speech Arabic MA 2025-07-29 Tier 2 King Mohammed VI Throne Day Speech, 29 Jul 2025 — 26th anniversary of accession (Tetouan; English translation of Arabic original)
Dear Citizens, Throne Day celebrations provide an annual opportunity to renew the bonds of mutual allegiance and the feelings of affection and loyalty which have invariably united us, and which grow stronger as time goes by. Since my accession to the throne, I have worked to build an advanced, unified and…
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Speech Arabic SY 2024-12-08 Tier 2 Ahmad al-Sharaa Umayyad Mosque victory speech, Damascus, 8 Dec 2024 (mosaic of sourced verbatim quotes; English translation of Arabic original)
Speaker: Ahmad al-Sharaa (formerly Abu Mohammad al-Julani). Location: Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. Occasion: HTS-led takeover of Damascus and fall of the Assad regime. The speech was delivered in Arabic. No publicly available single durable English transcript exists; the following are sourced verbatim segments…
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Speech Arabic SY 2024-09-30 Tier 2 Syrian Arab Republic statement to the 79th UN General Assembly (FM Bassam Sabbagh), 30 Sep 2024 — Assad regime's final UNGA address before the December 2024 fall (English translation of Arabic original)
Mr. President, Ladies and gentlemen, As this session of the General Assembly is taking place, tensions internationally have reached a boiling point, and efforts to maintain international peace and security are confronted with real challenges and threats: clashes are intensifying, crises are multiplying, conflicts are…
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Speech Arabic SD 2024-09-26 Tier 2 Abdel Fattah al-Burhan address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 26 Sep 2024 (English translation of Arabic original)
Mr. President, Your Excellency the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Your Excellencies the Kings, Presidents, and Heads of Government, Ladies and Gentlemen, I address you today on behalf of the people and government of Sudan. Firstly, I am pleased to congratulate the President of the current session and his…
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Speech Arabic QA 2024-09-24 Tier 2 Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2024 (English translation of Arabic original)
In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Mr. President, The blatant aggression that befalls the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip today is the most barbaric and heinous and extensive in breaching human values, international charters and norms. This is not a war within the international relations'…
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Speech English JO 2024-09-24 Tier 2 King Abdullah II address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2024
In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful Mr President, Mr Secretary General, Your Excellencies: Over the past quarter-century, I have stood at this podium amidst regional conflicts, global upheavals, and humanitarian crises that have profoundly tested our global community. It often feels that there was…
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Speech Arabic QA 2023-09-19 Tier 2 Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 19 Sep 2023 (English translation of Arabic original) — pre-October 7 doctrine
In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Mr. President, God has bestowed a favor on us by living in an era of unprecedented accelerating progress, in which an innovative spirit prevails in the fields of medicine, technology and science in general. The sequent innovations have brought about…
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Party platform Hebrew IL 2022-12-21 Tier 2 Likud–United Torah Judaism coalition agreement, 37th government (signed 21 Dec 2022) — selected clauses: religion-state status quo (§22, §24), yeshiva conscription exemption & Basic Law: Torah Study (§18), and the judicial-overhaul / override-clause commitment (§49). Full agreement text first published by JDN; substance corroborated by mainstream reporting (Times of Israel, Maariv).
18. לאור החשיבות שהעם היהודי העניק ומעניק ללימוד תורה לאורך הדורות, תושלם חקיקת חוק יסוד: לימוד תורה הקובעת שלימוד התורה הוא ערך יסוד במורשת העם היהודי, וזאת עד להעברת תקציב לשנת 2023. בד בבד, עד העברת התקציב לשנת 2023, יושלם תיקון לחוק שירות הביטחון להסדרת מעמדם של תלמידי הישיבות בהסכמת כל סיעות הקואליציה. סיעת יהדות…
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Speech English IL 2022-09-22 Tier 2 Yair Lapid address to the UN General Assembly (77th session), 22 Sep 2022
Israel's economic and military strength allows us to protect ourselves but it also allows us something else: To strive for peace with the entire Arab world. And with our closest neighbors – the Palestinians. An agreement with the Palestinians, based on two states for two peoples, is the right thing for Israel's…
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Speech English JO 2022-09-20 Tier 2 King Abdullah II address to the 77th UN General Assembly, 20 Sep 2022
In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful Mr President, Mr Secretary General, Your Excellencies: We meet today, in this General Assembly, as the alarm bells ring all around us. Numerous crises batter our world; crises that are increasingly interlocked—regional conflicts with international impact,…
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Arabic TN 2022-07-25 Tier 2 Tunisia 2022 Constitution — Article 5 (state-religion clause) and surrounding context, drafted under Kais Saied, ratified by referendum 25 Jul 2022 (English translation of Arabic original)
Constitutional text drafted under President Kais Saied, published in the Official Gazette 30 June 2022 (amended 8 July 2022), ratified by referendum 25 July 2022. The 2022 Constitution replaced Tunisia's 2014 Constitution and concentrates executive power in the presidency. **Article 5 (the state-religion clause, as…
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Speech Hebrew IL 2021-04-01 Tier 2 Mansour Abbas prime-time address: 'coexistence based on mutual respect', 1 Apr 2021 (English translation of Hebrew original)
"I carry a prayer of hope, and the search for coexistence based on mutual respect and genuine equality. What we have in common is greater than what divides us." "I, Mansour Abbas, a man of the Islamic Movement, am a proud Arab and Muslim, a citizen of the state of Israel, who heads the leading, biggest political…
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Party platform English IL 2021-03-23 Tier 2 7 Principles for New Hope (Tikva Hadasha) — party platform (official English edition)
7 Principles for New Hope 1. Israel is Jewish and Democratic. New Hope will preserve Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people and a democratic state. 2. Fortifying National Strengths. New Hope will preserve Israel's national security and develop Israel's components of power – military, economic, technological,…
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Speech Arabic TN 2019-10-23 Tier 2 Kais Saied presidential oath and inaugural remarks, Tunis, 23 Oct 2019 (mosaic of verbatim quotes; English translation of Arabic original)
Speaker: Kais Saied, on inauguration as President of the Tunisian Republic at the Assembly of People's Representatives, Tunis. Date: 23 October 2019. The constitutional oath of office, taken verbatim: "I swear by Almighty God to safeguard the independence of the homeland and the integrity of its territory, to respect…
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Party platform English IL 2019-04-09 Tier 2 Otzma Yehudit party platform — 'Aliya, Construction, Emigration and Peace' (2019; English edition)
We of Otzma Yehudit (Jewish Strength) recognize the demographic problem and intend to tackle head on, with determination and power, the disaster that lies ahead. To beat the enemy, not to surrender to them. To fight for a Jewish State and to win. Let us be clear: To wage war on the enemy is not racism, there is no…
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Speech Arabic LB 2018-09-26 Tier 2 Michel Aoun address to the UN General Assembly (73rd session), 26 Sep 2018 (English translation of Arabic original)
In Lebanon, we are groping our way to rise from the consecutive crises that struck us at various levels. In security, Lebanon managed to consolidate its security and stability after having abolished the agglomerations of terrorists from its Eastern and Northern barrens, and after having dismantled their sleeper…
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Speech Arabic LB 2017-11-04 Tier 2 Saad Hariri — March-14 Sunni leader on Saudi-detention silence + Assad-as-monster (2012-2019)
From Saad Hariri (b. 1970, son of assassinated Lebanese PM Rafik Hariri; leader of the Future Movement, the dominant Sunni Muslim political party in Lebanon; Prime Minister 2009-2011 and 2016-2020, presiding over the October-2019 mass protests that toppled his second premiership): **December 2012** (after Syria…
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Interview English IL 2017-08-09 Tier 2 Ayman Odeh interview, Fathom: 'change is impossible without us', 2017
[Q: What is your vision for the future of the Arab-Palestinian minority in Israel?] Ayman Odeh: That there should be peace based on two states along the 1967 borders with very good relations between them, and that following the establishment of a Palestinian state there should be peace between Israel and all the Arab…
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Arabic PS 2017-05-01 Tier 2 Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles and Policies (English translation of Arabic original)
18. The following are considered null and void: the Balfour Declaration, the British Mandate Document, the UN Palestine Partition Resolution, and whatever resolutions and measures that derive from them or are similar to them. The establishment of "Israel" is entirely illegal and contravenes the inalienable rights of…
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Speech Arabic EG 2016-09-20 Tier 2 Sisi 2016 UN General Assembly address (71st session)
وفى وسط تلك التحديات التي يموج بها النظام الدولي، استطاع شعب مصر أن يفرض إرادته لتحقيق الاستقرار وحماية الدولة ومؤسساتها بل وتحصين المجتمع من التشرذم والانزلاق نحو الفوضى؛ فأقر دستوراً جديداً يحمى الحقوق والحريات، التي شملها الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان، حيث كفل الدستور المساواة في الحقوق على أساس المواطنة، ورسخ…
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English TN 2016-08-19 Tier 2 From Political Islam to Muslim Democracy — Rached Ghannouchi (Foreign Affairs, 2016)
Ennahda has moved beyond its origins as an Islamist party and has fully embraced a new identity as a party of Muslim democrats. It has ended all of its cultural and religious activities and now focuses only on politics. Tunisia's new constitution, ratified in 2014, enshrines democracy and protects political and…
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Speech Arabic IQ 2014-06-13 Tier 2 Grand Ayatollah Sistani fatwa for defensive jihad against ISIS, Karbala Friday prayers, 13 Jun 2014 (English translation of Arabic original)
Speaker (by proxy): Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the highest Shia marja' (religious authority) in Najaf. Location: announced through his representative Sheikh Abdul Mehdi al-Karbalai during Friday prayer sermons in Karbala. Date: 13 June 2014, three days after ISIS captured Mosul. The single core sentence of the…
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Article English IQ 2013-04-28 Tier 2 State of Law-led (Maliki) government's press-freedom record: the Communications and Media Commission's 28 Apr 2013 suspension of 10 satellite channels (incl. Al Jazeera), targeting opposition/pro-Sunni outlets after their Hawija-raid coverage — HRW found no legal basis (arbitrary). Documented by Human Rights Watch (30 Apr 2013); corroborated by CPJ.
The official Communications and Media Commission suspended the licenses on April 28, 2013, amid spiraling violence and anti-government demonstrations in Sunni-majority provinces. The license suspensions targeted exclusively opposition stations while leaving others like state-run al-Iraqiya channel free to continue…
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Bill Arabic EG 2012-11-22 Tier 2 Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to "protect the revolution"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction.
الإعلانات الدستورية والقوانين والقرارات السابقة الصادرة عن رئيس الجمهورية منذ توليه السلطة في 30 يونيو 2012 وحتى نفاذ الدستور وانتخاب مجلس شعب جديد تكون نهائية ونافذة بذاتها غير قابلة للطعن عليها بأي طريق وأمام أية جهة كما لا يجوز التعرض لقراراته بوقف التنفيذ أو الإلغاء وتنقضي جميع الدعاوى المتعلقة بها والمنظورة أمام…
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Speech Arabic EG 2012-09-26 Tier 2 Morsi 2012 UN General Assembly address (67th session) (English translation of Arabic original)
The first issue which the world must exert all its efforts in resolving, on the basis of justice and dignity, is the Palestinian cause. Long decades have passed since the Palestinian People expressed their longing for restoring their full rights and for building their independent state, with Jerusalem as its capital.…
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Article Arabic TN 2012-03-26 Tier 2 Ennahda's March 2012 decision to retain Article 1 of the 1959 constitution unchanged (rejecting sharia as a source of legislation in the new constitution), with leader Rached Ghannouchi framing it as "a victory for the democratic Muslim state" — Al-Masry Al-Youm, reporting the decision announced Mon 26 Mar 2012 (article 29 Mar 2012).
كانت حركة النهضة الإسلامية التي تقود الحكومة في تونس، أعلنت الإثنين أنها قررت الاحتفاظ بالفصل الأول من الدستور السابق كما ورد دون تغيير. نفى زعيم حركة النهضة التونسية راشد الغنوشي، أن يكون قرار الحركة الاحتفاظ بالفصل الأول من الدستور السابق دون تغيير، والذي ينص على أن «تونس دولة حرة، مستقلة، ذات سيادة، الإسلام دينها…
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Party platform Arabic EG 2011-11-01 Tier 2 New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011
ثوابت الوفد: الإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع ولأصحاب الديانات السماويه الأخرى حق الإحتكام إلى شرائعهم في أحوالهم الشخصيه. المواطنه هي أساس الحقوق والواجبات. نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله ونرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم. الديمقراطية…
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English PS 2011-05-16 Tier 2 Mahmoud Abbas, 'The Long Overdue Palestinian State' (NYT op-ed), 16 May 2011
Palestine's admission to the United Nations would pave the way for the internationalization of the conflict as a legal matter, not only a political one. It would also pave the way for us to pursue claims against Israel at the United Nations, human rights treaty bodies and the International Court of Justice. Our quest…
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Speech English IL 2010-09-28 Tier 2 Avigdor Lieberman UN General Assembly address (65th session), 28 Sep 2010
We are ready for a fair solution and we are ready to cooperate with the international community. However, we are not ready to compromise our national security or the vital interests of the State of Israel. At the outset, I want to emphasize that contrary to what is often shown in the international media, the…
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Manifesto Arabic LB 2009-11-30 Tier 2 Hezbollah 2009 Political Manifesto (English translation of Arabic original)
The Resistance role is a national necessity as long as the "Israeli" threats and aspirations persist. The "Israeli" threat urges Lebanon to approve a defensive strategy that depends on a popular resistance participating in defending the country and an army that maintains the security of the country. The adoption of…
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Speech English IL 2009-06-14 Tier 2 Netanyahu Bar-Ilan University address, 14 June 2009 (English translation of Hebrew original)
I have already stressed the first principle - recognition. Palestinians must clearly and unambiguously recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people. The second principle is: demilitarization. The territory under Palestinian control must be demilitarized with ironclad security provisions for Israel. Without these…
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Interview English IL 2007-02-28 Tier 2 Balad doctrine — MK Jamal Zahalka interview, 'A State of all its Citizens', Feb 2007
Balad is [a] national democratic party defined by two political positions. One is the demand that Israel be a state of all its citizens, as opposed to Israel's self-definition as a Jewish state, and two is cultural autonomy for Palestinians inside Israel. Israel should be a state of all its citizens, not a state that…
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Party platform English PS 2006-01-01 Tier 2 Hamas — 'Change and Reform' List 2006 electoral platform (English translation)
The Change and Reform List seeks to build an advanced Palestinian civil society based on political pluralism and the alternation of power, while bearing in mind the heavy occupation. Our Invariables: Islam and civilizational achievements constitute our frame of reference and way of life with all its political,…
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Speech Hebrew IL 2005-08-15 Tier 2 Ariel Sharon address to the nation on implementing the Gaza Disengagement, 15 Aug 2005 (English translation of Hebrew original)
Citizens of Israel, The day has arrived. We are beginning the most difficult and painful step of all — evacuating our communities from the Gaza Strip and Northern Samaria. This step is very difficult for me personally. It was with a heavy heart that the Government of Israel made the decision regarding Disengagement,…
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Interview Arabic LB 2001-01-01 Tier 2 Rafik Hariri — Lebanese Sunni PM doctrinal mosaic (Hezbollah-as-resistance defense, Syria-protector framing, BBC 2001)
From Rafik Hariri (1944-2005, Lebanese Sunni politician and business magnate; founder of the Future Movement; Prime Minister 1992-1998 and 2000-2004; architect of post-civil-war Beirut reconstruction through Solidere; assassinated by a truck bomb on Beirut's waterfront on 14 February 2005, triggering the Cedar…
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Party platform Hebrew IL 1999-01-01 Tier 2 Likud Party electoral platform, 1999 (English translation of Hebrew original)
The Jordan river will be the permanent eastern border of the State of Israel. The Kingdom of Jordan is a desirable partner in the permanent status arrangement between Israel and the Palestinians in matters that will be agreed upon. The Jordan Valley and the territories that dominate it shall be under Israeli…
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Speech Hebrew IL 1995-10-05 Tier 2 Yitzhak Rabin's address to the Knesset on the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement (Oslo II), 5 Oct 1995 (English translation of Hebrew original)
We are striving for a permanent solution to the unending bloody conflict between us and the Palestinians and the Arab states. In the framework of the permanent solution, we aspire to reach, first and foremost, the State of Israel as a Jewish state, at least 80% of whose citizens will be, and are, Jews. At the same…
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Party platform Arabic DZ 1990-04-20 Tier 2 اللائحة السياسية للجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ لدى رئيس الجمهورية (أفريل 1990)
ترفع الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ لدى رئيس الجمهورية لائحتها المتضمنة القضايا المصيرية التالية: تحديد مجالات الإصلاح واقتراح رزنامة زمنية لمراحله؛ حل المجلس الشعبي الوطني بقرار من رئيس الجمهورية؛ تكوين هيئة سياسية مستقلة من مختلف الأحزاب لمراقبة الإدارة والمجلس الدستوري لضمان سلامة الانتخابات البلدية والولائية والتشريعية؛…
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Speech Arabic EG 1977-11-20 Tier 2 Sadat 1977 Knesset address (peace initiative)
وقبل أن أعلن جوابي، أرجو أن أؤكد لكم، أنني أعتمد، في هذا الجواب الواضح الصريح، على حقائق عدة، لا مهرب لأحد من الاعتراف بها: الحقيقة الأولى، إنه لا سعادة لأحد على حساب شقاء الآخرين. الحقيقة الثانية، إنني لم أتحدث ولن أتحدث بلُغَتَيْن، ولم أتعامل ولن أتعامل بسياستَيْن. ولست أتعامل مع أحدٍ، إلاّ بلُغة واحدة، وسياسة…
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Party platform Hebrew IL 1977-05-01 Tier 2 Likud Party original platform, 1977 (English translation of Hebrew original)
The Right of the Jewish People to the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel) a. The right of the Jewish people to the land of Israel is eternal and indisputable and is linked with the right to security and peace; therefore, Judea and Samaria will not be handed to any foreign administration; between the Sea and the Jordan…
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Speech Arabic PS 1974-11-13 Tier 2 Arafat UN General Assembly address, 13 Nov 1974 (English translation of Arabic original)
Why therefore should I not dream and hope? For is not revolution the making real of dreams and hopes? So let us work together that my dream may be fulfilled, that I may return with my people out of exile, there in Palestine to live with this Jewish freedom-fighter and his partners, with this Arab priest and his…
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Arabic PS 1964-01-01 Tier 2 Fatah Constitution (Principles, Goals, Method), 1960s (English translation of Arabic original)
Article (7) The Zionist Movement is racial, colonial and aggressive in ideology, goals, organisation and method. Article (8) The Israeli existence in Palestine is a Zionist invasion with a colonial expansive base, and it is a natural ally to colonialism and international imperialism. Article (9) Liberating Palestine…
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Other DZ 1963-09-10 Tier 2 Algeria's 1963 Constitution (adopted by referendum 10 Sep 1963), Articles 23–26 — the FLN constitutionally entrenched as the country's SOLE vanguard party, defining national policy and controlling the National Assembly and the Government, and tasked with building socialism. Behavioral record of FLN one-party rule. Text via Digithèque MJP (Univ. Perpignan).
Article 23. Le Front de libération nationale est le parti unique d'avant-garde en Algérie. Article 24. Le Front de libération nationale définit la politique de la Nation et inspire l'action de l'État. Il contrôle l'action de l'Assemblée nationale et du Gouvernement. Article 25. Le Front de libération nationale reflète…
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Hebrew IL 1948-05-14 Tier 2 Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, 14 May 1948 (English translation of Hebrew original)
ACCORDINGLY WE, MEMBERS OF THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF ERETZ-ISRAEL AND OF THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT, ARE HERE ASSEMBLED ON THE DAY OF THE TERMINATION OF THE BRITISH MANDATE OVER ERETZ-ISRAEL AND, BY VIRTUE OF OUR NATURAL AND HISTORIC RIGHT AND ON THE STRENGTH OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE…
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Other MA 1944-01-11 Tier 2 Manifesto of Independence of Morocco (Manifeste de l'Indépendance), 11 January 1944
Considérant que le Maroc a toujours constitué un État libre et souverain, et qu'il a conservé son indépendance pendant treize siècles jusqu'au moment où un régime de protectorat lui a été imposé; que ce régime a empêché les Marocains de participer au gouvernement de leur pays et les a privés de toutes les libertés…