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Israel

إسرائيل ישראל

25 parties on file · 2 joint lists · 7 currently in government

Capital
Jerusalem (claimed) / Tel Aviv (de facto)
Population
9.8M
Independence
1948
Government
Parliamentary democracy (Jewish state per constitutional law)
Head of state
President (ceremonial)
Head of government
Prime Minister
Electoral system
Parliamentary proportional representation, 120 Knesset seats, 3.25% threshold

Founded as Jewish national home 1948 amid the Nakba. Left-dominant politics through 1977 (Labor Party); right-dominant since (Likud). Current 37th government is the most right-wing in Israeli history.

Timeline · 16 events

Region timeline →
In flux
  • Reported Election scheduled

    Next Knesset election expected by Q4 2026

    Israel's 26th Knesset election is widely expected by late 2026, with multiple coalition-pressure points (judicial reform aftermath, post-war Gaza policy, Haredi conscription) potentially forcing an early call. The exact date depends on whether the current Netanyahu coalition holds.

  • Rumored Party merged

    Arab parties consider joint list reunification

    Reports of discussions among Hadash, Ta'al, Balad, and Ra'am to form a unified Arab joint list ahead of the next Knesset election, after the 2022 break-up and Balad's failure to clear the 3.25 percent threshold left Arab representation fragmented. Formation has not been announced.

  • Rumored Coalition collapsed

    Religious Zionism repeatedly threatens coalition exit

    Bezalel Smotrich has repeatedly threatened to withdraw Religious Zionism from the Netanyahu coalition over Haredi conscription law, hostage deal terms, and other issues. The threats have not materialized; each round has produced a renegotiated commitment that kept the coalition intact.

  • Rumored Party merged

    Beyahad: Lapid–Bennett merger discussions

    Reports of merger talks between Yair Lapid (Yesh Atid) and Naftali Bennett under a joint banner Beyahad (Hebrew: ביחד, "together"), aimed at consolidating the centrist anti-Netanyahu opposition ahead of the next election. Talks are ongoing and the merger has not been formalized; Bennett has not declared whether he will return to politics formally.

  • Reported Party formed

    Eisenkot launches Yashar!

    Former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot announced the formation of a new centrist political party, Yashar! (Hebrew: ישר, "straight" / "upright"), positioning himself as a security-centrist alternative ahead of the next Knesset election. Eisenkot was a National Unity MK in the 25th Knesset and resigned from the war cabinet in June 2024 alongside Benny Gantz.

  • Rumored Other

    Israel-Hamas ceasefire negotiations ongoing

    Ceasefire and hostage-deal talks between Israel and Hamas mediated by Qatar, Egypt, and the US have continued in fits and starts since the war began. Multiple deals have been close to agreement but collapsed over end-state guarantees. Negotiations are an ongoing pressure point on the Israeli coalition.

2025
  • Confirmed Other June 13, 2025

    Israel-Iran 12-day war

    Israel launched a preemptive strike campaign against Iranian nuclear facilities and senior IRGC commanders on 13 June 2025; Iran responded with the largest ballistic-missile barrages on Israeli territory in history. The United States joined the campaign by bombing Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan enrichment sites on 21 June. A 12-day ceasefire brokered by the US ended the open conflict on 24 June, leaving Iran's enrichment program degraded but not destroyed and the regional security architecture reshaped.

2024
  • Confirmed Other November 21, 2024

    ICC arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant

    The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant on 2024-11-21 for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in Gaza. Israel rejected the warrants; states-parties to the Rome Statute are formally obligated to arrest the named individuals on their territory.

  • Confirmed Party formed July 2024

    The Democrats formed from Labor–Meretz merger

    Israeli Labor Party and Meretz formally merged in July 2024 to form The Democrats, with Yair Golan elected leader. The merger consolidated the Zionist left into a single bloc after both parties struggled in recent elections.

  • Confirmed Coalition collapsed June 9, 2024

    National Unity exits emergency war cabinet

    Benny Gantz and the National Unity party withdrew from Israel's emergency wartime unity government, citing the absence of a post-war Gaza plan. The exit ended the unity arrangement formed after October 7, 2023.

  • Confirmed Other January 26, 2024

    ICJ provisional measures in South Africa v. Israel genocide case

    The International Court of Justice issued provisional measures in the South Africa v. Israel case on 2024-01-26, finding it plausible that Israeli operations in Gaza could be in breach of the Genocide Convention. The Court ordered Israel to take measures to prevent genocidal acts; full hearings on the merits are years away.

Show 5 earlier events (2018–2023)
2023
  • Confirmed Other October 7, 2023

    October 7 Hamas attack on Israel

    Hamas launched a coordinated assault from Gaza on Israeli border communities on 2023-10-07, killing about 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages. The deadliest single day for Jews since the Holocaust. Triggered the ongoing Gaza war, the Israel-Hezbollah war, the Houthi Red Sea campaign, and the eventual fall of the Assad regime.

  • Confirmed Other July 24, 2023

    Israeli judicial overhaul first reading passes

    The Knesset passed the first major bill of the Netanyahu government's judicial overhaul on 2023-07-24 — the "reasonableness" amendment limiting Supreme Court review of executive decisions. Triggered the largest protest movement in Israeli history and was struck down by the Court in January 2024.

2022
  • Confirmed Coalition formed December 29, 2022

    Israel: Netanyahu's sixth government — the furthest-right coalition in Israeli history

    After his fifth electoral run in under four years, Benjamin Netanyahu returned to the prime minister's office at the head of a coalition that for the first time placed Itamar Ben-Gvir (national security) and Bezalel Smotrich (finance, plus settlement authority over the West Bank) in senior cabinet roles. The coalition's first major project — judicial overhaul — ignited the largest sustained protest movement in Israeli history, paused only by the 7 October 2023 attack.

2021
  • Confirmed Coalition formed June 13, 2021

    Bennett-Lapid "change government" formed

    An eight-party coalition — the first to include an Arab party (Ra'am) — was sworn in on 2021-06-13, briefly displacing Netanyahu after 12 years. Bennett served as PM until June 2022 when the rotation passed to Lapid; the government fell in November 2022.

2018
  • Confirmed Other May 14, 2018

    US embassy moved to Jerusalem

    The United States formally opened its embassy in Jerusalem on 2018-05-14, ending decades of US policy that kept the embassy in Tel Aviv pending a negotiated resolution of Jerusalem's status. Triggered Palestinian protests at the Gaza border with significant casualties.

Marquee bills

All bills →

Compass · Israel

Country mean — Economic -0.7, Social +0.0

-10 -10 -5 -5 5 5 10 10 Libertarian · Statist Libertarian · Market Authority · Statist Authority · Market 7 parties 4 parties 4 parties 4 parties religious-jewish centroid · 5 parties secular-liberal centroid · 3 parties nationalist-ethnic centroid · 4 parties leftist-socdem centroid · 3 parties leftist-communist centroid · 2 parties islamist-sunni-electoral centroid · 2 parties ← Statist Market → Libertarian ↑ ↓ Authority Social ↕ Economic ↔ Religious Zionism Party (IL) · in government · Economic +3.5, Social -8.0 IL Religious Zionism Party Shas (IL) · in government · Economic -5.0, Social -8.5 IL Shas New Hope (IL) · in government · Economic +5.5, Social +2.0 IL New Hope Noam (IL) · in government · Economic +1.0, Social -9.0 IL Noam Ta'al (IL) · Economic -3.0, Social +4.0 IL Ta'al Yisrael Beiteinu (IL) · Economic +6.0, Social +4.0 IL Yisrael Beiteinu National Unity (IL) · Economic +3.0, Social +4.0 IL National Unity Meretz (IL) · Economic -3.0, Social +6.0 IL Meretz The Democrats (IL) · Economic -2.0, Social +8.0 IL The Democrats Balad (IL) · Economic -4.0, Social +5.0 IL Balad Israeli Labor Party (IL) · Economic -3.0, Social +5.8 IL Israeli Labor Party Hadash-Ta'al (IL) · Economic -6.0, Social +6.0 IL Hadash-Ta'al Likud (IL) · in government · Economic +6.0, Social -2.0 IL Likud Otzma Yehudit (IL) · in government · Economic +2.0, Social -8.0 IL Otzma Yehudit Northern Islamic Movement (IL) · outlawed · Economic -3.0, Social -7.0 IL Northern Islamic Movement United Torah Judaism (IL) · in government · Economic -5.0, Social -9.0 IL United Torah Judaism Hadash (IL) · Economic -8.0, Social +6.5 IL Hadash Ra'am (United Arab List) (IL) · Economic -2.0, Social -6.0 IL Ra'am (United Arab List) Yesh Atid (IL) · Economic +4.0, Social +7.0 IL Yesh Atid

Ringed dots are parties currently in government. See the full regional compass · hand-coded estimates; methodology.

Current leadership · grouped by party

132 political figures across 17 groups. Coalition parties first, then opposition, then unaffiliated.

Likud in government · 33 figures

Joint electoral lists

Parties

Source documents · 64

All docs →

Briefs from Israel

Hand-written political-science mini-papers involving Israel parties. 6 briefs on file.

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

APA 7Reference list · academic default
Gara, T. (2026). Israel [Country profile]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved June 21, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/c/IL
Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals
Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Israel." Country profile, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/c/IL.
BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers
@misc{tayyar-country-il,
  title     = {{Israel}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Country profile},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/c/IL},
  urldate   = {2026-06-21},
  note      = {First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint
Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved June 21, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper
BibTeXPreprint
@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-06-21},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.