source corpus
Documents
The text the scoring pipeline reads. Each document is tied to a party (or politician) with a published date, a source URL, and either Arabic, Hebrew, or English content. Open any one to read the verbatim source and see how it was scored.
IL 88 
LB 47 
EG 44 
PS 40 
IQ 28 
MA 20 
SY 20 
YE 19 
TN 17 
JO 15 
SA 15 
SD 15 
DZ 12 
LY 11 
AE 9 
BH 9 
QA 7 
MR 6 
OM 2 
KW 2 -
Speech Arabic EG 2026-06-17 Tier 2 Dr Mostafa Madbouly (Prime Minister of Egypt) — speech launching the 2nd edition of the State Ownership Policy Document ("Deepening Reform 2026–2030"), 17 Jun 2026 (Al-Watan): private-sector-led growth as the government's target — its share of investment, already past 56.5%, to exceed 65% before 2030, with the state stepping back.
إن الرقم الذي عرضه علينا اليوم رئيس مركز المعلومات يؤكد أن القطاع الخاص بدأ يستعيد حضوره بقوة خلال السنوات الثلاث الماضية، حيث تجاوزت مساهمته 56.5% من إجمالي الاستثمارات، كما تشير التوقعات إلى إمكانية تجاوز المستهدف الذي وضعناه، والبالغ 65%، خلال العامين المقبلين على أقصى تقدير
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Speech Arabic EG 2026-04-02 Tier 2 Sayed El-Badawi (leader of the Wafd, Egypt's oldest liberal party) — symposium speech (per Al-Bawaba News, 2 Apr 2026): the "loyal opposition" stance — "the Wafd is a liberal party that believes in economic freedom, and when we find the state moving… on a path that achieves the public good, then we support that"; and that development needs an independent judiciary and a free press.
الوفد حزب ليبرالي يؤمن بالحرية الاقتصادية، وعندما نجد الدولة تسير من وجهة نظرنا في خط يحقق الصالح العام وقتها نكون مؤيدين لهذا الحق التنمية والإصلاح السياسي وجهان لعملة واحدة؛ فلكي تحدث التنمية لا بد من أن يكون لديك مؤسسات ماليه قويه وقضاء مستقل وإعلام حر
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Speech Arabic EG 2025-02-16 Tier 2 Hanafy El-Gibaly (Speaker of Egypt's House of Representatives; ex-head of the Supreme Constitutional Court) — remarks via Extra News (per Sada El-Balad, 16 Feb 2025): Egypt's categorical rejection of displacing the Palestinians — a "danger of liquidating the Palestinian cause" and a "crime" — and parliament's affirmation of the historical support for "the Palestinian right."
موقف مصر بوضوح هو رفض تهجير الفلسطينيين لما يمثله ذلك من خطر تصفية القضية الفلسطينية فضلا عن كونه جريمة تصفية خلال لقاءاتنا البرلمانية المختلفة نؤكد على الموقف التاريخي الثابت الداعم للحق الفلسطيني
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Interview English EG 2023-08-07 Tier 2 Ayman Nour (Egypt's leading liberal opposition figure; founder, El-Ghad Party) — exclusive DAWN "Democracy in Exile" interview, 7 Aug 2023: frames the 2013 takeover as "a coup against the revolution," casts his exile as the price of free expression, and condemns Sisi-era arbitrary detention and frequent deaths of detainees in custody.
It was a coup against the revolution, and I left," Nour says in an exclusive interview with Democracy in Exile. "I left Egypt to be able to express my opinion and say what I wanted about what is happening in my country. Some people are arrested, but we do not know why they are arrested and why they are released or…
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Article Arabic EG 2019-04-18 Tier 2 Mostaqbal Watan's behavioral democracy/regime record: the party (chaired by Ashraf Rashad) held mass rallies and campaigned for a "yes" vote on the April 2019 constitutional amendments that extended Sisi's tenure (potentially to 2030) and entrenched military/executive power. Party rally documented by Al-Ahram (18 Apr 2019); amendments' content per HRW/ICJ ("consolidate authoritarian rule").
نظم حزب مستقبل وطن فى محافظة الشرقية مؤتمرا جماهيريا حاشدا باستاد الزقازيق الرياضي، بحضور المهندسين أشرف رشاد الشريف رئيس الحزب، والنائب أشرف رشاد عثمان، نائب رئيس الحزب، والمهندس حسام الخولى الأمين العام للحزب وناشد جموع المواطنين من شباب الشرقية بصفة خاصة والمصريين بصفة عامة النزول والمشاركة بكثافة يومي 20 و21 و22…
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English EG 2017-03-29 Tier 2 Alaa Abd El-Fattah (Egyptian writer, technologist and pro-democracy activist; long-imprisoned) — open letter to the RightsCon conference smuggled from Tora prison, 2017: "Fix your own democracy... the only possible answer," and a warning that human-rights advocacy must not become "a weapon in a cold war... [as] the Arab revolutions were lost when revolutionaries found themselves... recruits in proxy wars between regional powers."
Fix your own democracy: This has always been my answer to the question “how can we help?” I still believe it is the only possible answer. Not only is where you live, work, vote, pay tax, and organize the place where you have more influence, but a setback for human rights in a place where democracy has deep roots is…
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Speech Arabic EG 2016-09-20 Tier 2 Sisi 2016 UN General Assembly address (71st session)
وفى وسط تلك التحديات التي يموج بها النظام الدولي، استطاع شعب مصر أن يفرض إرادته لتحقيق الاستقرار وحماية الدولة ومؤسساتها بل وتحصين المجتمع من التشرذم والانزلاق نحو الفوضى؛ فأقر دستوراً جديداً يحمى الحقوق والحريات، التي شملها الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان، حيث كفل الدستور المساواة في الحقوق على أساس المواطنة، ورسخ…
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Interview English EG 2016-04-08 Tier 2 Mohamed Aboul-Ghar (founder/first president of the Egyptian Social Democratic Party) — interview (per Atlantic Council, ~2016): the ESDP's constructive-critical middle ground — "We are neither an opposition party, nor a pro-government party… When the president does something good, we support him, and when he adopts what [we] believe are wrong decisions, we speak out."
We are neither an opposition party, nor a pro-government party. When the president does something good, we support him, and when he adopts what believe are wrong decisions, we speak out against those decisions.
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Interview English EG 2016-02-16 Tier 2 Bassem Youssef ("the Jon Stewart of Egypt"; satirist) — PBS NewsHour interview, 16 Feb 2016 (5th anniversary of Mubarak's fall): "A revolution is not an event. It's a process. And it takes its time"; and a deadpan-satirical indictment of Egypt's repression — "There is absolutely no crackdown on freedom of speech."
A revolution is not an event. It's a process. And it takes its time. We absolutely have no problem. Political satire shows like mine are still going on, on the air. There is absolutely no crackdown on freedom of speech.
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Article English EG 2015-04-05 Tier 2 Mahmoud Abu Zeid "Shawkan" (Egyptian photojournalist; 2018 UNESCO Press Freedom laureate) — from his April 2015 letter smuggled out of Tora prison (Amnesty International): his account of being arrested on 14 Aug 2013 simply for photographing the Rabaa dispersal — jailed 5½ years for "taking pictures."
My life changed forever on the morning of Wednesday 14 August 2013. I was taking pictures of people protesting on the streets of Cairo when police came and locked down the streets. Thousands of people were immediately arrested – not only Morsi supporters, but also dozens of people caught up in the wrong place at the…
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Speech Arabic EG 2013-07-05 Tier 2 Mohamed Badie (General Guide, Muslim Brotherhood) — his Rabaa al-Adawiya address, ~5 July 2013: the famous declaration "our peacefulness is stronger than bullets," framing the Brotherhood's response to the coup as nonviolent resistance and calling the army back to its constitutional role (documented by Arabi21, with his verbatim slogan).
بعد يومين من إعلان الانقلاب العسكري، اعتلى بديع منصة رابعة للمرة الأولي والأخيرة مُلقيا خطابا قويا ورآه البعض تاريخيا أعلن فيه قولته الشهيرة "سلميتنا أقوى من الرصاص"، لتُعبر عن استراتيجية الجماعة في هذه المرحلة، ومؤكدا على إصرار الجماعة على الحفاظ على الأرواح، داعيا الجيش المصري إلى العودة إلى حضن شعبه، وأن يعود إلى…
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Article English EG 2012-12-05 Tier 2 FJP behavioral civil-liberties record — the Dec 2012 Itihadiya Palace detentions: FJP Deputy Secretary Essam al-Erian called on air for protesters to be "arrested," and Brotherhood/FJP members detained and beat 49 anti-Morsi protesters at a makeshift center (a police report records "youth from the Freedom and Justice Party" handed them over). Documented by Human Rights Watch (12 Dec 2012).
During the clashes on the evening of December 5, FJP Deputy Secretary Essam al-Erian gave a live television interview, saying, “Everyone must go now to Ettihadiya and surround the thugs and separate the real revolutionaries out for one or two nights and then we can arrest them all.” Alleged Muslim Brotherhood and FJP…
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Bill Arabic EG 2012-11-22 Tier 2 Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to "protect the revolution"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction.
الإعلانات الدستورية والقوانين والقرارات السابقة الصادرة عن رئيس الجمهورية منذ توليه السلطة في 30 يونيو 2012 وحتى نفاذ الدستور وانتخاب مجلس شعب جديد تكون نهائية ونافذة بذاتها غير قابلة للطعن عليها بأي طريق وأمام أية جهة كما لا يجوز التعرض لقراراته بوقف التنفيذ أو الإلغاء وتنقضي جميع الدعاوى المتعلقة بها والمنظورة أمام…
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Speech Arabic EG 2012-09-26 Tier 2 Morsi 2012 UN General Assembly address (67th session) (English translation of Arabic original)
The first issue which the world must exert all its efforts in resolving, on the basis of justice and dignity, is the Palestinian cause. Long decades have passed since the Palestinian People expressed their longing for restoring their full rights and for building their independent state, with Jerusalem as its capital.…
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Party platform Arabic EG 2011-11-01 Tier 2 New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011
ثوابت الوفد: الإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع ولأصحاب الديانات السماويه الأخرى حق الإحتكام إلى شرائعهم في أحوالهم الشخصيه. المواطنه هي أساس الحقوق والواجبات. نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله ونرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم. الديمقراطية…
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Speech Arabic EG 2011-02-10 Tier 2 Hosni Mubarak (President of Egypt) — final televised address, 10 February 2011 (full text via Arabic Wikisource), during the 25 January revolution: "I never submitted to foreign pressure or dictates; I preserved peace; I worked for Egypt's security and stability"; rejecting "foreign dictates from abroad" and insisting Egyptians "take no one's instructions."
لم أخضع يوما لضغوط أجنبية أو إملاءات، حافظت على السلام، عملت من أجل أمن مصر واستقرارها، اجتهدت من أجل نهضتها، لم أسع يوما لسلطة أو شعبية زائفة. سنثبت أننا لسنا أتباعا لأحد، ولا نأخذ تعليمات من أحد، وأن أحدا لا يصنع لنا قراراتنا سوى نبض الشارع ومطالب أبناء الوطن.
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Speech Arabic EG 1977-11-20 Tier 2 Sadat 1977 Knesset address (peace initiative)
وقبل أن أعلن جوابي، أرجو أن أؤكد لكم، أنني أعتمد، في هذا الجواب الواضح الصريح، على حقائق عدة، لا مهرب لأحد من الاعتراف بها: الحقيقة الأولى، إنه لا سعادة لأحد على حساب شقاء الآخرين. الحقيقة الثانية، إنني لم أتحدث ولن أتحدث بلُغَتَيْن، ولم أتعامل ولن أتعامل بسياستَيْن. ولست أتعامل مع أحدٍ، إلاّ بلُغة واحدة، وسياسة…
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English EG 1962-05-21 Tier 2 Gamal Abdel Nasser — National Charter (الميثاق, 1962), his foundational Arab-socialism program: public ownership over "exploitive private capital," but a distinctively non-Marxist socialism — "We do not believe in the necessity of class struggle." [Second doc — distinct Arab-socialism / ECONOMIC axis, vs his Suez anti-imperialism doc.]
Work aimed at expanding the base of national wealth can never be left to the haphazard ways of exploitive private capital. We do not believe in the necessity of class struggle … or in the supremacy of one class over the others.
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Speech English EG 1959-04-25 Tier 2 Gamal Abdel Nasser — Speech to the Officers' Club, Cairo, 25 April 1959 (UAR period): pan-Arab unity ("The independence of all Arab countries is a closely knit entity") and POSITIVE NEUTRALITY / non-alignment ("we shall not… accept the role of a satellite"; "non-alignment to either East or West"). [Third doc — distinct PAN-ARABISM + NON-ALIGNMENT axes, vs the existing Suez/anti-imperialism and Arab-socialism docs.]
[…] we have resolved to follow an independent policy and to maintain the independence of our country. We made that known when we declared that our policy is based on positive neutrality and nonalignment, for this means that we shall not submit to power politics, and shall not, under any circumstances, accept the role…
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Interview English EG Tier 2 Ahmed Maher (co-founder, April 6 Youth Movement) — quoted in the Carnegie Endowment April 6 backgrounder: the Tunisian uprising "led us to think about protesting against corruption, poverty and unemployment." The Facebook-era youth movement that helped spark Jan 25, 2011; Maher was later jailed under the protest law.
led us to think about protesting against corruption, poverty and unemployment
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Interview English EG Tier 2 Patrick Zaki (Egyptian human-rights researcher; postgraduate at Bologna; jailed over a 2019 article on Coptic discrimination) — from a Deutsche Welle interview (via Coptic Solidarity): on his open-ended arbitrary detention ("renewed... like a phone plan") and the chilling effect on his writing — he published only two pieces for fear of provoking the prosecution.
My package of freedom has been renewed for another quarter of a year, like a phone plan. But I only published two pieces, since my legal team is constantly worried that I could anger the prosecution even more.
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Article English EG Tier 2 Saad Eddin Ibrahim (Egyptian-American sociologist; "father of Egyptian civil society"; jailed under Mubarak) — from his article "Toward Muslim Democracies" (via New Lines): his signature argument for the democratic INCLUSION of Islamists — "enlist Islamists under the flag of democracy" — rather than their exclusion. Coiner of "jumlukiya"; democracy as the cure for both tyranny and fundamentalism.
it will be better for us as democrats, for the Islamists, and for Egypt to enlist Islamists under the flag of democracy.