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MENA politics is fluid. Parties merge, split, reform; leaders are elected, dismissed, or killed; regimes fall. The party and politician pages capture the dataset as it stands now; Pulse captures the movement — what just happened, what's under way, what's rumored but not yet formal. Each event carries a confidence rating and the same per-field source citations as every other Tayyar entity.

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Older confirmed events on file. The lens reaches back to political shifts that still shape today's positions.

Confirmed Coalition collapsed Sudan April 15, 2023

Sudanese civil war begins

Open warfare broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces (led by Sovereignty Council chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan) and the Rapid Support Forces (led by Hemedti) on 2023-04-15. The war has displaced over 10 million Sudanese and shows no signs of resolution.
Confirmed Coalition collapsed Sudan April 15, 2023

Sudan: Civil war breaks out between SAF and RSF

Two years after they jointly overthrew the civilian transitional government, the Sudanese Armed Forces under Burhan and the Rapid Support Forces under Hemedti turned on each other. Fighting started in Khartoum and Merowe air base and spread within days to most major cities. By 2026, it had become the world's largest displacement crisis and largest hunger emergency; the RSF held much of Darfur, the SAF held the east and north, and the country had effectively partitioned.
Confirmed Coalition collapsed Sudan October 25, 2021

Sudanese 2021 coup

Generals Burhan and Hemedti seized full control of the Sudanese transitional government on 2021-10-25, dissolving the civilian-led cabinet that had been in power since the 2019 overthrow of Bashir. Set the conditions for the 2023 fallout between the two men into civil war.
Confirmed Party dissolved Sudan November 28, 2019

Transitional authorities dissolve Bashir's NCP

On 28 November 2019, months after the popular uprising and military removal of Omar al-Bashir, Sudan's transitional Sovereignty Council passed a law dissolving the National Congress Party, banning it from politics, confiscating its assets and removing its members from public institutions — dismantling the apparatus of 30 years of NCP rule.
Confirmed Leader changed Sudan April 11, 2019

Omar al-Bashir overthrown

A military coup overthrew Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir on 2019-04-11 after months of mass protests. Initially seen as a democratic opening, the transition was derailed by the October 2021 al-Burhan coup and the 2023 outbreak of war with the RSF.
Confirmed Other Sudan December 19, 2018

SCP helps lead the 2018–2019 revolution against Bashir

The Sudanese Communist Party — through its base in the Sudanese Professionals Association and the Forces of Freedom and Change — was a leading organizer of the uprising that began in December 2018 and toppled Omar al-Bashir in April 2019. It then pressed hardest for an immediate handover to civilian rule, later breaking with the transitional power-sharing deal.
Confirmed Other Sudan March 4, 2009

ICC issues arrest warrant for NCP leader Bashir over Darfur

On 4 March 2009 the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur, adding genocide charges in July 2010 — the first ICC warrant for a sitting head of state. The NCP-led government was accused of arming Janjaweed militias responsible for an estimated 300,000 deaths and 2.7 million displaced.
Confirmed Party formed Sudan 1998

National Congress Party founded as Bashir's ruling vehicle

The National Congress Party (NCP) was established in 1998 as the successor to the National Islamic Front, becoming the ruling party of Omar al-Bashir's Islamist-military regime. It dominated Sudanese politics, the security services and the economy until Bashir's overthrow in April 2019.
Confirmed Other Sudan June 30, 1989

Bashir's coup overthrows the elected Umma-led government

On 30 June 1989 Colonel Omar al-Bashir, in alliance with Hassan al-Turabi's National Islamic Front, seized power in a coup that ousted Sadiq al-Mahdi's elected Umma-led government and established the Revolutionary Command Council. It ended Sudan's brief democratic interlude and began three decades of Islamist-military rule; the Umma Party continued as opposition under al-Mahdi.
Confirmed Coalition formed Sudan May 6, 1986

DUP joins the 1986 Umma-led coalition; Mirghani heads of state

After finishing second in Sudan's 1986 multiparty election, the DUP joined Sadiq al-Mahdi's Umma-led coalition government, and Ahmed al-Mirghani became chairman of the Supreme Council (head of state). Like the Umma, the DUP hesitated to abolish Nimeiry's 1983 sharia "September Laws," a standoff that helped pave the way for Bashir's 1989 coup.
Confirmed Coalition formed Sudan May 6, 1986

Umma Party wins 1986 election; Sadiq al-Mahdi becomes prime minister

After the 1985 popular uprising toppled Jaafar Nimeiry, the Umma Party won the largest share in Sudan's 1986 multiparty election and its leader Sadiq al-Mahdi — great-grandson of the Mahdi — became prime minister on 6 May 1986, heading a coalition with the Democratic Unionist Party. It was Sudan's last freely elected government for more than three decades.
Confirmed Other Sudan July 19, 1971

SCP-linked 1971 coup against Nimeiry fails; party leaders executed

On 19 July 1971 officers led by Hashem al-Atta, close to the Sudanese Communist Party, briefly seized power from Jaafar Nimeiry. Nimeiry loyalists retook Khartoum within three days; he then blamed the SCP and executed several of its leaders, including secretary-general Abdel Khaliq Mahjub and union leader al-Shafie Ahmed el-Sheikh — a blow from which the party never fully recovered.
Confirmed Party formed Sudan December 1967

Democratic Unionist Party (re)formed around the Khatmiyya order

The Democratic Unionist Party took its modern form in December 1967 when Ismail al-Azhari's urban nationalists and the Khatmiyya Sufi order led by Mohamed Osman al-Mirghani reunited. Heir to the 1952 National Unionist Party and rooted in the 19th-century Khatmiyya, the DUP is among Sudan's oldest parties and the historic rival of the Mahdist Umma.
Confirmed Party formed Sudan 1946

Sudanese Communist Party founded

Founded in 1946 (initially as the Sudanese Movement for National Liberation) among students and workers under British rule, the Sudanese Communist Party grew into one of the strongest communist parties in Africa and the Arab world, with deep roots in the trade unions and professional syndicates.

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