Ghouta chemical attack

Sarin rockets hit rebel-held suburbs of Damascus; UN investigators confirm chemical-weapons use. Hundreds killed. The episode triggers Obama's decision to back away from the "red line" enforcement, replaced by the US–Russia chemical disarmament framework.

Referenced entities

Politicians

Bashar al-Assad head-of-state

Sources

www.un.org — UN mission report, Dec 2013

Permalink: https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/ef10310c-e9e4-4354-8ca2-b160cb989858

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

Per-record citation

APA 7Reference list · academic default

Gara, T. (2026). Ghouta chemical attack [Event record]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved June 21, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/ef10310c-e9e4-4354-8ca2-b160cb989858

Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals

Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Ghouta chemical attack." Event record, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/ef10310c-e9e4-4354-8ca2-b160cb989858.

BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers

@misc{tayyar-event-ef10310c-e9e4-4354-8ca2-b160cb989858,
  title     = {{Ghouta chemical attack}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Event record},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/ef10310c-e9e4-4354-8ca2-b160cb989858},
  urldate   = {2026-06-21},
  note      = {Event date: 2013-08-21. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

Dataset / working-paper citation

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint

Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved June 21, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper

BibTeXPreprint

@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-06-21},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

Event date: 2013-08-21. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.