Barghouti launches al-Mubadara as a democratic "third force"

On 17 June 2002 Mustafa Barghouti, veteran Gaza leader Haidar Abdel-Shafi and Ibrahim Dakkak (with Edward Said among its inspirers) founded the Palestinian National Initiative (al-Mubadara) in Ramallah — a democratic "third force" rejecting both Fatah (seen as corrupt) and Hamas (seen as extremist), with no armed wing and a doctrine of non-violent resistance.

Referenced entities

Parties

Mubadara

Sources

Permalink: https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/039f2586-3a8e-4013-a9a1-3804471d283d

How to cite

Each record carries a retrieval date because the dataset is live — individual entries update as verification deepens. Use the per-record citation when referencing this specific profile; use the dataset citation below when referencing the project as a whole.

In-text: (Gara, 2026)

Per-record citation

APA 7Reference list · academic default

Gara, T. (2026). Barghouti launches al-Mubadara as a democratic "third force" [Event record]. Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/039f2586-3a8e-4013-a9a1-3804471d283d

Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals

Gara, Tarek. 2026. "Barghouti launches al-Mubadara as a democratic "third force"." Event record, Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset. Accessed July 27, 2026. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/039f2586-3a8e-4013-a9a1-3804471d283d.

BibTeXFor LaTeX / Zotero / reference managers

@misc{tayyar-event-039f2586-3a8e-4013-a9a1-3804471d283d,
  title     = {{Barghouti launches al-Mubadara as a democratic "third force"}},
  author    = {Gara, Tarek},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset},
  type      = {Event record},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/pulse/039f2586-3a8e-4013-a9a1-3804471d283d},
  urldate   = {2026-07-27},
  note      = {Event date: 2002-06-17. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.}
}

Dataset / working-paper citation

If you're citing Tayyar as a project rather than this individual record.

APA 7Preprint

Gara, T. (2026). Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset [Preprint]. Retrieved July 27, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper

BibTeXPreprint

@unpublished{tayyar-preprint,
  title  = {{Tayyar: A MENA political-position dataset}},
  author = {Gara, Tarek},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {Preprint},
  url    = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/paper},
  urldate = {2026-07-27},
  note   = {Living document, regenerated from the live dataset on page load.}
}

Event date: 2002-06-17. First-pass entry; second-pass external review planned before publication.