Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia (2022) — adopted by referendum under President Kais Saied

The constitution adopted by referendum on 25 July 2022 under President Kais Saied replaced the 2014 charter and installed a hyper-presidential system. The president determines the general policy of the state (Art. 100), freely appoints and dismisses the head of government and ministers, and the government is accountable to him (Arts. 101-102), reversing the 2014 text in which the head of government led the executive. The president is nearly impossible to remove: no-confidence motions require half of each chamber's signatures and a two-thirds combined majority, while Art. 116 lets the president dissolve parliament. On religion, the 2014 Article 1 (Islam as the country's religion, balanced by the state's civil character) is supplanted: Art. 5 declares 'Tunisia is a part of the Islamic Ummah, and the state alone must work to achieve the aims [maqasid] of pure Islam', importing fiqh-derived language for the first time. A weakened bicameral parliament adds an indirectly elected National Council of Regions and Districts (Art. 81) alongside the Assembly. The referendum passed with about 30.5% turnout and 94.6% yes amid an opposition boycott (Ennahda, the National Salvation Front); it entered into force on 16 August 2022.