Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt (2014, amended 2019) — the charter of the Sisi-era order

Egypt's 2014 Constitution, adopted by referendum on 14-15 January 2014 (in force on 18 January 2014) after the July 2013 removal of President Mohamed Morsi, replaced the 2012 Muslim-Brotherhood-era charter and became the foundational text of the Sisi-era order. It keeps a religious frame while barring religious parties: Article 2 declares 'Islam is the religion of the State and Arabic is its official language. The principles of Islamic Sharia are the main source of legislation', yet Article 74 provides that 'no political parties may be formed on the basis of religion' or sect, sex, origin, or geography. It entrenches sweeping military prerogatives: Article 234 required that 'the Minister of Defense shall be appointed upon the approval of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces', binding 'for two full presidential terms'; Article 204 permits trying civilians before military courts for 'crimes that constitute a direct assault against military facilities'; and the armed-forces budget is shielded via a military-dominated National Defense Council. It also adds enhanced-rights language — Article 11 commits the State to equality between women and men. The 2019 amendments (approved by referendum in April 2019) lengthened the presidential term from four to six years and, via a new transitional Article 241, reset and extended Sisi's term and allowed him an additional one, keeping him eligible to remain president until 2030.