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LB flag Lebanon Parliamentary resolution Enacted 1989-10-22

Taif Agreement

اتفاق الطائف

Summary

National-reconciliation agreement signed in Taif, Saudi Arabia on 1989-10-22, ending the Lebanese Civil War. Modified the 1943 National Pact: Christian/Muslim parliamentary representation shifted from 6:5 to equal; presidential powers reduced; cabinet authority strengthened. Authorized continued Syrian military presence (formally ended 2005).

Impact

Foundation of the post-war Lebanese political order still in force today. Sectarian power-sharing it codified explains the 30+ years of recurrent governmental dysfunction, the impossibility of structural reform, and the political space Hezbollah occupies as a state-within-the-state.

Parties involved

Sources

Permalink https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/lb-taif-1989

How to cite

This is a citation for the legislation itself — credited to Parliament of Lebanon and dated to its 1989 introduction. Tayyar is the retrieval surface, not the author. A separate "Retrieved via" line records that you accessed it through this dataset.

In-text: (Parliament of Lebanon, 1989)

APA 7Institutional author 
Parliament of Lebanon. (1989). Taif Agreement [Legislation]. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/lb-taif-1989. Retrieved June 21, 2026, from https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/lb-taif-1989.
Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals 
Parliament of Lebanon. 1989. “Taif Agreement.” Legislation. https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/lb-taif-1989. Accessed June 21, 2026.
BibTeXLaTeX / Zotero / reference managers 
@misc{tayyar-bill-lb-taif-1989,
  title     = {{Taif Agreement}},
  author    = {{Parliament of Lebanon}},
  year      = {1989},
  date      = {1989-10-22},
  type      = {Legislation},
  url       = {https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/lb-taif-1989},
  urldate   = {2026-06-21},
  note      = {Retrieved via Tayyar on June 21, 2026}
}