Egypt 2007 Constitutional Amendments (Articles 5, 88, 179)
التعديلات الدستورية المصرية لسنة 2007
Summary
Package of ~34 constitutional amendments pushed through by Mubarak's NDP and approved in a 26 March 2007 referendum (official 75.9% yes amid an opposition boycott and very low turnout). Article 5 banned parties with any religious frame of reference (targeting the Muslim Brotherhood); Article 88 stripped full judicial supervision of polling stations; and Article 179 embedded emergency-style anti-terrorism powers in the constitution, allowing warrantless searches and military trials of civilians.
Impact
One of the most consequential democracy/civil-liberties acts of NDP rule: it constitutionalized the security state and foreclosed legal Islamist participation, widely read as preparing a managed succession to Gamal Mubarak. Critics titled it "amending democracy out of Egypt's constitution."
Parties involved
Sources
https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/8d8dc6bf-faca-4636-a2a5-c732d1c96414 How to cite
This is a citation for the legislation itself — credited to House of Representatives of Egypt and dated to its 2007 introduction. Tayyar is the retrieval surface, not the author. A separate "Retrieved via" line records that you accessed it through this dataset.
In-text: (House of Representatives of Egypt, 2007) (House of Representatives of Egypt, 2007)
APA 7Institutional author
House of Representatives of Egypt. (2007). 2007 Constitutional Amendments (Articles 5, 88, 179) [Legislation]. https://carnegieendowment.org/china/posts/2007/04/amending-democracy-out-of-egypts-constitution. Retrieved via Tayyar (https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/8d8dc6bf-faca-4636-a2a5-c732d1c96414) on July 27, 2026.
Chicago author-dateCommon in political-science journals
House of Representatives of Egypt. 2007. “2007 Constitutional Amendments (Articles 5, 88, 179).” Legislation. https://carnegieendowment.org/china/posts/2007/04/amending-democracy-out-of-egypts-constitution. Retrieved via Tayyar, July 27, 2026.
BibTeXLaTeX / Zotero / reference managers
@misc{tayyar-bill-8d8dc6bf-faca-4636-a2a5-c732d1c96414,
title = {{2007 Constitutional Amendments (Articles 5, 88, 179)}},
author = {{House of Representatives of Egypt}},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-03-26},
type = {Legislation},
url = {https://carnegieendowment.org/china/posts/2007/04/amending-democracy-out-of-egypts-constitution},
urldate = {2026-07-27},
note = {Retrieved via Tayyar (https://tarekgara.com/tayyar/bills/8d8dc6bf-faca-4636-a2a5-c732d1c96414) on July 27, 2026}
}