{ "schema": "tayyar", "snapshot_iso": "2026-06-21T22:43:04.551Z", "counts": { "tayyar_countries": 20, "tayyar_parties": 98, "tayyar_politicians": 274, "tayyar_documents": 294, "tayyar_axes": 20, "tayyar_aggregate_positions": 1000, "tayyar_party_alliances": 4, "tayyar_bills": 49, "tayyar_events": 98, "tayyar_quotes": 989, "tayyar_comparison_essays": 20 }, "tables": { "tayyar_countries": [ { "id": "EG", "name_en": "Egypt", "name_ar": "مصر", "name_he": "מצרים", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 10, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Mixed: presidential election + parliamentary proportional representation", "population_m": 113, "government_type": "Presidential republic (de facto authoritarian under military backing)", "capital_en": "Cairo", "independence_year": 1922, "head_of_state_title": "President", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Monarchy until 1952 Free Officers coup; military presidency from Nasser through Sisi with brief Brotherhood interregnum (Morsi 2012-2013). Mostaqbal Watan is the current ruling party." }, { "id": "IL", "name_en": "Israel", "name_ar": "إسرائيل", "name_he": "ישראל", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 20, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Parliamentary proportional representation, 120 Knesset seats, 3.25% threshold", "population_m": 9.8, "government_type": "Parliamentary democracy (Jewish state per constitutional law)", "capital_en": "Jerusalem (claimed) / Tel Aviv (de facto)", "independence_year": 1948, "head_of_state_title": "President (ceremonial)", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Founded as Jewish national home 1948 amid the Nakba. Left-dominant politics through 1977 (Labor Party); right-dominant since (Likud). Current 37th government is the most right-wing in Israeli history." }, { "id": "PS", "name_en": "Palestine", "name_ar": "فلسطين", "name_he": "פלסטין", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 30, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Presidential authority; PLC elections held 2006 (last); de facto split governance", "population_m": 5.5, "government_type": "Quasi-state under occupation; split between Fatah-led PA (West Bank) and Hamas (Gaza)", "capital_en": "East Jerusalem (claimed) / Ramallah (PA seat)", "independence_year": null, "head_of_state_title": "President of the PA", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "PA established 1994 under Oslo Accords. Hamas-Fatah split since the 2006 PLC election and the 2007 Battle of Gaza. No presidential election since 2005; no parliamentary election since 2006." }, { "id": "LB", "name_en": "Lebanon", "name_ar": "لبنان", "name_he": "לבנון", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 40, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Confessional power-sharing; PR with 128 seats split equally Christian/Muslim", "population_m": 5.4, "government_type": "Parliamentary republic under confessional pact (1943 National Pact)", "capital_en": "Beirut", "independence_year": 1943, "head_of_state_title": "President (Maronite Christian)", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (Sunni Muslim)", "political_history": "Civil war 1975-1990; Taif Accords codified post-war sectarian balance. Hezbollah armed wing maintained per 1989 agreement. Post-2019 financial collapse remains unresolved." }, { "id": "JO", "name_en": "Jordan", "name_ar": "الأردن", "name_he": "ירדן", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 100, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Constitutional monarchy with elected Chamber of Deputies (130 seats)", "population_m": 11.5, "government_type": "Constitutional monarchy (king holds executive primacy)", "capital_en": "Amman", "independence_year": 1946, "head_of_state_title": "King", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (appointed)", "political_history": "Hashemite kingdom since independence. King retains primary executive authority. Brotherhood-affiliated IAF is largest opposition; Black September 1970 ended PLO armed presence." }, { "id": "TN", "name_en": "Tunisia", "name_ar": "تونس", "name_he": "טוניסיה", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 130, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Presidential authority (post-2022 constitution); parliament weakened", "population_m": 12.3, "government_type": "Presidential republic (presidentialist since 2021 Saied power-grab)", "capital_en": "Tunis", "independence_year": 1956, "head_of_state_title": "President", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Democratic transition 2011-2021 (Tunisia's \"Arab Spring success\"). President Saied suspended parliament 2021-07-25 and concentrated power via 2022 constitutional referendum." }, { "id": "MA", "name_en": "Morocco", "name_ar": "المغرب", "name_he": "מרוקו", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 140, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Constitutional monarchy with elected House of Representatives (395 seats)", "population_m": 37.5, "government_type": "Constitutional monarchy (king retains primary executive authority)", "capital_en": "Rabat", "independence_year": 1956, "head_of_state_title": "King", "head_of_government_title": "Head of Government (Prime Minister)", "political_history": "Alaouite monarchy since 1631. 2011 reforms in response to February 20 Movement nominally devolved power. PJD ruled 2011-2021 then collapsed; RNI currently leads government." }, { "id": "IQ", "name_en": "Iraq", "name_ar": "العراق", "name_he": "עיראק", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 120, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Parliamentary proportional representation (329 seats) under post-2005 system", "population_m": 45.5, "government_type": "Parliamentary republic (sectarian power-sharing; PM Shia, President Kurd, Speaker Sunni)", "capital_en": "Baghdad", "independence_year": 1932, "head_of_state_title": "President (Kurdish)", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (Shia)", "political_history": "Ba'athist rule 1968-2003 ended by US invasion. Post-2005 consociational system. Shia Coordination Framework dominant post-Sadrist withdrawal in 2022; Sudani is the current PM." }, { "id": "DZ", "name_en": "Algeria", "name_ar": "الجزائر", "name_he": "אלג'יריה", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 160, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Presidential election (constrained); People's National Assembly (462 seats) PR", "population_m": 46.8, "government_type": "Presidential republic (military-establishment-backed)", "capital_en": "Algiers", "independence_year": 1962, "head_of_state_title": "President", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "1962 independence after eight-year war. FLN single-party rule until 1989. Civil war 1991-2002 after annulled FIS election victory. Bouteflika 1999-2019; Hirak 2019; Tebboune from 2019." }, { "id": "SY", "name_en": "Syria", "name_ar": "سوريا", "name_he": "סוריה", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 110, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Transitional; no constitutional elections since fall of Assad (Dec 2024)", "population_m": 25, "government_type": "Transitional under HTS-led de facto authority", "capital_en": "Damascus", "independence_year": 1946, "head_of_state_title": "De facto leader (transitional)", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (transitional)", "political_history": "Ba'athist rule 1963-2024; Hafez al-Assad 1971-2000, Bashar al-Assad 2000-2024. Civil war 2011-2024 killed an estimated 500,000+. HTS-led coalition took Damascus 2024-12-08." }, { "id": "SD", "name_en": "Sudan", "name_ar": "السودان", "name_he": "סודאן", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 170, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Military-led transitional; no functioning elections", "population_m": 49, "government_type": "Military junta at civil war (Sovereignty Council vs RSF)", "capital_en": "Khartoum", "independence_year": 1956, "head_of_state_title": "Chairman of Sovereignty Council", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (vacant since 2022)", "political_history": "Independence from joint Anglo-Egyptian rule 1956. Bashir 1989-2019 (ICC-indicted). 2019 democratic transition derailed by Burhan-Hemedti coup 2021; civil war between the two factions since April 2023." }, { "id": "YE", "name_en": "Yemen", "name_ar": "اليمن", "name_he": "תימן", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 180, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Two-government system; no functional national elections since 2014", "population_m": 34.5, "government_type": "Divided: PLC government in Aden + Houthi de facto state in Sanaa", "capital_en": "Sanaa (de jure) / Aden (interim)", "independence_year": 1990, "head_of_state_title": "Chair of Presidential Leadership Council (Aden)", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Unification of North and South Yemen 1990. Civil war 1994. 2011 Saleh ouster. Houthi takeover of Sanaa Sept 2014; Saudi-led intervention March 2015. Ongoing humanitarian crisis." }, { "id": "MR", "name_en": "Mauritania", "name_ar": "موريتانيا", "name_he": "מאוריטניה", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 210, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Presidential republic; National Assembly elections", "population_m": 4.9, "government_type": "Presidential republic", "capital_en": "Nouakchott", "independence_year": 1960, "head_of_state_title": "President", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Independence from France 1960. Multiple military coups. Democratic transition under Ghazouani since 2019; El Insaf currently dominant." }, { "id": "LY", "name_en": "Libya", "name_ar": "ليبيا", "name_he": "לוב", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 190, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Two competing governments; House of Representatives (Tobruk) and HCS (Tripoli)", "population_m": 6.9, "government_type": "Divided between Tripoli-based GNU and Tobruk-based HoR / LNA", "capital_en": "Tripoli (de jure)", "independence_year": 1951, "head_of_state_title": "Multiple claimants", "head_of_government_title": "PM (GNU) and rival military authority", "political_history": "Independence 1951. Gaddafi 1969-2011 (Jamahiriya system). Post-2011 civil wars; country split since 2014. Dbeibah's GNU governs west, Haftar's LNA controls east." }, { "id": "BH", "name_en": "Bahrain", "name_ar": "البحرين", "name_he": "בחריין", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 200, "has_data": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Constitutional monarchy; elected Council of Representatives (40 seats), appointed Shura Council", "population_m": 1.5, "government_type": "Constitutional monarchy (king holds primary authority)", "capital_en": "Manama", "independence_year": 1971, "head_of_state_title": "King", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Al Khalifa dynasty since 1783; British protectorate ended 1971. 2011 Shia-majority uprising suppressed with Saudi intervention. Al-Wefaq (Shia opposition) dissolved 2016. Abraham Accords signed 2020." }, { "id": "KW", "name_en": "Kuwait", "name_ar": "الكويت", "name_he": "כוויית", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 220, "has_data": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Suspended (Emir dissolved Assembly May 2024)", "population_m": 4.3, "government_type": "Constitutional emirate (no political parties; suspended legislature)", "capital_en": "Kuwait City", "independence_year": 1961, "head_of_state_title": "Emir", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Al Sabah dynasty since 1752. Most vocal Gulf parliament until Emir Mishal suspended it in 2024 for up to 4 years." }, { "id": "QA", "name_en": "Qatar", "name_ar": "قطر", "name_he": "קטר", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 230, "has_data": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Absolute monarchy (no elected legislature; partly-elected Shura Council)", "population_m": 2.9, "government_type": "Absolute monarchy", "capital_en": "Doha", "independence_year": 1971, "head_of_state_title": "Emir", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister", "political_history": "Al Thani dynasty since 1825. Hosted Al Jazeera (1996). 2017-2021 GCC blockade; mediator on Gaza ceasefire talks 2023-present." }, { "id": "AE", "name_en": "United Arab Emirates", "name_ar": "الإمارات العربية المتحدة", "name_he": "איחוד האמירויות", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 240, "has_data": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Federal monarchy; partly-elected FNC (no political parties)", "population_m": 9.5, "government_type": "Federation of seven emirates (Abu Dhabi dominant)", "capital_en": "Abu Dhabi", "independence_year": 1971, "head_of_state_title": "President (Emir of Abu Dhabi)", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (Emir of Dubai)", "political_history": "Federation of seven emirates 1971. Abu Dhabi-Dubai partnership central. MBZ president since 2022; Abraham Accords signed 2020. Most economically diversified Gulf state." }, { "id": "OM", "name_en": "Oman", "name_ar": "عُمان", "name_he": "עומאן", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 250, "has_data": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Absolute monarchy; partly-elected Consultative Council (no political parties)", "population_m": 5.3, "government_type": "Absolute monarchy", "capital_en": "Muscat", "independence_year": 1650, "head_of_state_title": "Sultan", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (Sultan)", "political_history": "Al Said dynasty since 1744. Sultan Qaboos 1970-2020 modernized the country. Sultan Haitham since 2020. Traditional regional mediator (Iran, Yemen)." }, { "id": "SA", "name_en": "Saudi Arabia", "name_ar": "المملكة العربية السعودية", "name_he": "ערב הסעודית", "region": "MENA", "display_order": 150, "has_data": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "electoral_system": "Absolute monarchy (no political parties; partly-elected Shura Council)", "population_m": 36.4, "government_type": "Absolute monarchy", "capital_en": "Riyadh", "independence_year": 1932, "head_of_state_title": "King", "head_of_government_title": "Prime Minister (Crown Prince)", "political_history": "Saudi state founded 1932 (third Saudi state). House of Saud rule; bin Salman line consolidated under MBS since 2017. Vision 2030 economic transformation; 2023 Iran rapprochement; ongoing Yemen war." } ], "tayyar_parties": [ { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000600", "country_id": "IL", "name_en": "Yashar!", "name_ar": "يشار", "name_he": "ישר", "founded_year": 2026, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "secular-liberal", "short_description": "Centrist-security political party announced by former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot in 2026, positioning itself as a security-focused alternative ahead of the next Knesset election. Newly formed; positions on Tayyar are provisional and subject to change.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": null, "created_at": "2026-06-06T13:21:32.417689+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": null, "current_leader_text": null, "slug": "yashar", "is_in_opposition": true, "legal_status": "legal", "legal_status_note": null, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T13:21:32.417689+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "extra-parliamentary", "image_credit": null }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "country_id": "EG", "name_en": "New Wafd Party", "name_ar": "حزب الوفد الجديد", "name_he": null, "founded_year": 1983, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "secular-liberal", "short_description": "Centrist liberal-nationalist party, descendant of the historic Wafd Party of pre-1952 Egypt.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": "/tayyar/logos/wafd.png", "created_at": "2026-06-05T21:45:52.055959+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "Fouad Serag Eddin (refounded)", "current_leader_text": "Abdel Sanad Yamama", "slug": "wafd", "is_in_opposition": false, "legal_status": "legal", "legal_status_note": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Wafd_Party", "note": "Re-founded 1983 as successor to historic Wafd Party of pre-1952", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T13:00:11.391904+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "extra-parliamentary", "image_credit": { "via": "wikidata:P154", "artist": "Drobatch", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Wafd_Party", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" } }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023", "country_id": "IL", "name_en": "Religious Zionism Party", "name_ar": "حزب الصهيونية الدينية", "name_he": "הציונות הדתית", "founded_year": 2021, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "religious-jewish", "short_description": "Religious-nationalist party on the far-right of the Israeli coalition; merges Zionist Orthodoxy with nationalist politics.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": "/tayyar/logos/religious-zionism.png", "created_at": "2026-06-05T21:45:52.055959+00:00", "is_in_government": true, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "Bezalel Smotrich", "current_leader_text": "Bezalel Smotrich", "slug": "religious-zionism", "is_in_opposition": false, "legal_status": "legal", "legal_status_note": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party", "note": "Founded 2021 by Bezalel Smotrich as the National Union's successor", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich", "note": "Founder and chairman; Finance Minister in the 37th government", "field": "current_leader_text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-seventh_government_of_Israel", "note": "Major coalition partner in the 37th government", "field": "government_role", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T12:48:16.6573+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "coalition-major", "image_credit": { "via": "wikidata:P154", "artist": "Religious Zionist Party", "license": "Public domain", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party", "license_url": null } }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000044", "country_id": "IL", "name_en": "Shas", "name_ar": "شاس", "name_he": "ש״ס", "founded_year": 1984, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "religious-jewish", "short_description": "Sephardic Haredi party, founded under the spiritual leadership of Rabbi Ovadia Yosef. 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Largely dormant today; included here as a historical anchor for post-2011 Libya's liberal current.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": null, "created_at": "2026-06-06T10:20:44.490163+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "is_alliance": true, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "Mahmoud Jibril and 58 affiliated parties / organizations", "current_leader_text": "Mahmoud Jibril (d. 2020)", "slug": "nfa-ly", "is_in_opposition": true, "legal_status": "legal", "legal_status_note": "Coalition / electoral alliance rather than a single party; included as one entity for v0.1.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Forces_Alliance", "note": "Founded February 2012 by Mahmoud Jibril; mostly dormant", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Jibril", "note": "Mahmoud Jibril (1952-2020), wartime PM 2011", "field": "founders_text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T13:00:11.391904+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "extra-parliamentary", "image_credit": null }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000302", "country_id": "IQ", "name_en": "National Wisdom Movement", "name_ar": "تيار الحكمة الوطني", "name_he": null, "founded_year": 2017, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "islamist-shia", "short_description": "Shia Islamist movement founded by Ammar al-Hakim after his split from the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq; positions itself as moderate-Islamist and reform-minded.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": "/tayyar/logos/hikma.png", "created_at": "2026-06-06T09:41:28.880415+00:00", "is_in_government": true, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "Ammar al-Hakim", "current_leader_text": "Ammar al-Hakim", "slug": "hikma", "is_in_opposition": false, "legal_status": "legal", "legal_status_note": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikma_Movement", "note": "Founded July 2017 by Ammar al-Hakim after split from ISCI", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammar_al-Hakim", "note": "Founder and continuous leader", "field": "current_leader_text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T13:00:11.391904+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "coalition-minor", "image_credit": { "via": "wikidata:P154", "artist": "Mazaw8", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Wisdom_Movement", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" } }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000103", "country_id": "JO", "name_en": "Reform Party", "name_ar": "حزب الإصلاح", "name_he": null, "founded_year": 2022, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "secular-liberal", "short_description": "Reformist-civic party emerging from the 2022 modernization process, advocating for liberal-democratic reforms within the monarchy.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": null, "created_at": "2026-06-06T08:29:37.000751+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "civic reform movement", "current_leader_text": "Abdullah al-Naouasrah", "slug": "islah-jo", "is_in_opposition": false, "legal_status": "legal", "legal_status_note": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Jordan", "note": "Liberal-reformist party in the Jordanian opposition", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T13:02:14.259377+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "opposition-minor", "image_credit": null }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000048", "country_id": "IL", "name_en": "Otzma Yehudit", "name_ar": "القوة اليهودية", "name_he": "עוצמה יהודית", "founded_year": 2012, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "religious-jewish", "short_description": "Far-right religious-nationalist party. 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Outlawed by Israel in November 2015 under emergency defense regulations on the grounds of alleged ties to Hamas; the movement continues to operate informally and was historically a major political and civic force among Palestinian citizens of Israel.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": null, "created_at": "2026-06-06T10:17:34.276516+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "Raed Salah and others", "current_leader_text": "Raed Salah", "slug": "northern-islamic-movement", "is_in_opposition": true, "legal_status": "outlawed", "legal_status_note": "Designated an illegal organization by the Israeli Ministry of Defense on 2015-11-17 under the 1945 Defense (Emergency) Regulations; designation has been challenged but remains in force.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Movement_in_Israel", "note": "Year of north-south split", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/spoke_islamic171115", "note": "Israeli Ministry of Defense designation, 2015-11-17", "field": "legal_status", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raed_Salah", "note": null, "field": "current_leader_text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T10:17:34.276516+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "government_role": "banned", "image_credit": null }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010", "country_id": "EG", "name_en": "Freedom and Justice Party", "name_ar": "حزب الحرية والعدالة", "name_he": null, "founded_year": 2011, "dissolved_year": 2014, "family_tag": "islamist-sunni-electoral", "short_description": "Political wing of the Muslim Brotherhood, founded after the 2011 revolution and dissolved by court order in 2014.", "official_url": null, "logo_path": null, "created_at": "2026-06-05T21:45:52.055959+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "is_alliance": false, "alliance_notes": null, "founders_text": "Mohamed Morsi; Mohamed Saad El-Katatni; Essam el-Erian", "current_leader_text": null, "slug": "fjp", "is_in_opposition": false, "legal_status": "dissolved", "legal_status_note": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_(Egypt)", "note": "FJP founded 2011 as Brotherhood political wing after January 25 revolution", "field": "founded_year", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designation_of_the_Muslim_Brotherhood_as_a_terrorist_organization", "note": "Outlawed in Egypt 2013-12-25; FJP dissolved August 2014", "field": "legal_status", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi", "note": "Mohamed Morsi led party 2011-2012; died in detention 2019", "field": "current_leader_text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T12:54:53.500722+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "government_role": "extra-parliamentary", "image_credit": null }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000100", "country_id": "JO", "name_en": "Islamic Action Front", "name_ar": "جبهة العمل الإسلامي", "name_he": null, "founded_year": 1992, "dissolved_year": null, "family_tag": "islamist-sunni-electoral", "short_description": "Political wing of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood. 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His detention drew sustained protest from Italian universities and the EU; pardoned and released in 2023.", "official_url": null, "is_in_opposition": true, "is_independent": true, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Zaki", "note": null, "field": "role", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:14:28.53154+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)", "portrait_path": "/tayyar/portraits/patrick-zaki.jpg", "image_credit": { "via": "pageimage", "artist": "Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Zaki", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" } }, { "id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000434", "country_id": "BH", "current_party_id": null, "name_en": "Maryam al-Khawaja", "name_ar": "مريم الخواجة", "name_he": null, "role": "activist", "active": true, "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:14:28.53154+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "slug": "maryam-al-khawaja", "short_description": "Bahraini-Danish human-rights activist; daughter of imprisoned Bahraini opposition leader Abdulhadi al-Khawaja. Co-founded the Bahrain Center for Human Rights. 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Has been the lead Qatari mediator in the 2020 US-Taliban talks, the 2024 Israel-Hamas hostage negotiations, and the ongoing Iran-US backchannel. 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The signal that the second-generation Zayed line is now formalized in the line of succession. 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Veteran liberal opposition figure dating to the 1980s, repeatedly elected and repeatedly outmaneuvered by the ruling family's parliamentary dissolutions. The institutional memory of the Kuwaiti parliamentary opposition.", "official_url": null, "is_in_opposition": true, "is_independent": true, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/al-saadoun-elected-speaker-of-kuwait-national-assembly-2022/", "source": "Arab Times", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/kuwait-emir-dissolves-newly-elected-parliament-state-tv-says-2024-05-10/", "source": "Reuters", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:46:37.642354+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass", "portrait_path": "/tayyar/portraits/al-saadoun-kw.jpg", "image_credit": { "via": "pageimage", "artist": "Tawtheeeq", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Al-Sadoun", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" } }, { "id": "375fbe06-7506-4a9e-9d70-13c73d12177f", "country_id": "MR", "current_party_id": null, "name_en": "Biram Dah Abeid", "name_ar": "بيرام داه عبيد", "name_he": null, "role": "activist", "active": true, "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:46:37.642354+00:00", "is_in_government": false, "slug": "biram-dah-abeid-mr", "short_description": "Mauritanian anti-slavery activist and three-time presidential candidate (2014, 2019, 2024). 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Economist by background; previously deputy executive secretary at UNECA. Was deposed by Burhan's October 2021 coup, briefly reinstated under a discredited deal that month, and resigned in January 2022. 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About 1,200 people were killed in Israel, the deadliest single day in the country's history, and roughly 250 people were taken hostage into Gaza. The assault triggered the Gaza war, Israel's ensuing large-scale military campaign in the Gaza Strip, and reset the entire regional cascade that followed.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-10-07", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:30.665293+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d7ee5d5e-ed86-4abd-8f85-731999e655ba", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000320", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic (13 March 2025) — the HTS-led transitional government's foundational instrument", "source_url": "https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025.03.13%20-%20Constitutional%20declaration%20(English).pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Article 1\nThe Syrian Arab Republic is an independent, fully sovereign state. It is an indivisible geographical and political unit, and no part of it may be relinquished.\n\nArticle 2\nThe state establishes a political system based on the principle of separation of powers, and guarantees freedom and dignity for the citizen.\n\nArticle 3\n1. The religion of the President of the Republic is Islam, and Islamic jurisprudence is the principal source of legislation.\n2. Freedom of belief is protected. The State respects all divine religions and guarantees the freedom to perform all their rituals, provided that this does not disturb public order.\n3. The personal status of religious sects is protected and respected in accordance with the law.\n\nArticle 7\n1. The State is committed to preserving the unity of Syrian territory, and criminalizes calls for division and secession, and requests for foreign intervention or external support.\n2. The State is committed to achieving coexistence and societal stability, preserving civil peace, and preventing all forms of sedition, division, incitement to strife, and incitement to violence.\n3. The State guarantees the cultural diversity of Syrian society in all its components, and the cultural and linguistic rights of all Syrians.\n\nArticle 9\n1. The army is a professional national institution whose mission is to protect the country and preserve its security, safety, and territorial integrity, in accordance with the rule of law and the protection of human rights.\n2. The state alone is the one that establishes the army. It is prohibited for any individual, body, entity, or group to establish military or paramilitary formations […], and weapons are restricted in the hands of the state.\n\nArticle 10\nCitizens are equal before the law in rights and duties, without discrimination based on race, religion, gender or lineage.\n\nArticle 13\n1. The State guarantees freedom of opinion, expression, information, publication and the press.\n\nArticle 21\n1. The State shall preserve the social status of women, protect their dignity and their role within the family and society, and guarantee their right to education and work.\n2. The State shall guarantee the social, economic and political rights of women, and protect them from all forms of oppression, injustice and violence.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-03-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:36.372262+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "83bdc6f7-7d13-4ce7-9113-b1e3a4802d46", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000418", "country_id": "LY", "title": "Muammar Gaddafi — The Green Book, Part One: 'The Authority of the People' (1975; English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://archive.org/stream/gaddafi-green-book/gaddafi-green-book_djvu.txt", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The instrument of government is the prime political problem confronting human communities. […] All political systems in the world today are a product of the struggle for power between alternative instruments of government. This struggle may be peaceful or armed, as is evidenced among classes, sects, tribes, parties or individuals. The outcome is always the victory of a particular governing structure — be it that of an individual, group, party or class — and the defeat of the people; the defeat of genuine democracy.\n\nPolitical struggle that results in the victory of a candidate with, for example, 51 per cent of the votes leads to a dictatorial governing body in the guise of a false democracy, since 49 per cent of the electorate is ruled by an instrument of government they did not vote for, but which has been imposed upon them. Such is dictatorship. […] In actual fact, dictatorship is established under the cover of false democracy. This is the reality of the political systems prevailing in the world today.\n\nParliaments are the backbone of that conventional democracy prevailing in the world today. Parliament is a misrepresentation of the people, and parliamentary systems are a false solution to the problem of democracy. A parliament is originally founded to represent the people, but this in itself is undemocratic as democracy means the authority of the people and not an authority acting on their behalf. The mere existence of a parliament means the absence of the people. True democracy exists only through the direct participation of the people, and not through the activity of their representatives. Parliaments have been a legal barrier between the people and the exercise of authority, excluding the masses from meaningful politics and monopolizing sovereignty in their place.\n\n[…] Parliaments, therefore, have become a means of plundering and usurping the authority of the people. It has thus become the right of the people to struggle, through popular revolution, to destroy such instruments — the so-called parliamentary assemblies which usurp democracy and sovereignty, and which stifle the will of the people. The masses have the right to proclaim reverberantly the new principle: no representation in lieu of the people.\n\n[…] Thus it is clear that representation is a fraud. […] Authority must be in the hands of all of the people. The most tyrannical dictatorships the world has known have existed under the aegis of parliaments.\n\nThe party is a contemporary form of dictatorship. It is the modern instrument of dictatorial government. The party is the rule of a part over the whole. […] The purpose of forming a party is to create an instrument to rule the people, i.e., to rule over non-members of the party. The party is, fundamentally, based on an arbitrary authoritarian concept — the domination of the members of the party over the rest of the people. […] No matter how many parties exist, the theory remains valid.\n\n[…] This new theory is based on the authority of the people, without representation or deputation. It achieves direct democracy in an orderly and effective form.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1975-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:44.079099+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e0c8f665-3804-402a-9cfd-ca7993fdbbf3", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000530", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MR", "title": "النظام الأساسي لحزب الإنصاف (El Insaf Party statute / basic law) — الديباجة + المبادئ والأهداف", "source_url": "https://partielinsaf.mr/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3-2026-1.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الديباجة:\nإيمانا بالله الواحد الأحد واتكالا عليه، وتمسكا بقيم الإسلام العظيمة وثوابته الراسخة، وخدمة للشعب الموريتاني، وطبقا للدستور والقوانين والنظم المعمول بها في الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية، وطبقا لهذا النظام الأساسي ، قرر الأعضاء المؤتمرون وعيا منهم بضرورة المشاركة الإيجابية في الحياة السياسية وتسيير الشأن العام، وإيمانا منهم بقضايا الشعب الموريتاني وطموحه إلى غد مشرق، ووفاء لتطلعات الجماهير العريضة، وتحقيقا لآمالها في الحرية والانعتاق والنمو، واعتمادا على موروثنا الحضاري النابع من ثوابت ديننا الإسلامي الحنيف وحضارتنا العربية الإفريقية العريقة، واستلهاما لنضالاتنا الممتدة عبر التاريخ من أجل الحرية والاستقلال والتقدم، يتم تأسيس حزب سياسي يدعى \"حزب الإنصاف\" قوامه الوحدة والتنمية والعدل.\n\nالباب الثاني: المبادئ والأهداف — أولا: المبادئ — المادة4: يقوم الحزب على المبادئ التالية:\n- التمسك بالإسلام دينا وأساسا متينا للوحدة الوطنية ومصدرا وحيدا للتشريع وذلك بوصفه دين التقدم والوسطية والتسامح والاعتدال؛\n- التشبث بدولة القانون وقيم الجمهورية على أساس المواطنة كمعيار أوحد؛\n- التعلق بالدستور واحترام الديمقراطية التعددية والتناوب السلمي على السلطة والدفاع عن الحقوق والحريات الفردية والجماعية؛\n- الرفض المطلق لكافة أشكال الظلم والتمييز ؛\n- التمسك بالانتماء الحضاري الإسلامي والعربي والإفريقي لكافة مكونات شعبنا.\n\nثانيا: الأهداف — المادة5: يسعى الحزب إلى تحقيق الأهداف التالية:\n- ترسيخ مفهوم الدولة المدنية والمواطنة كبديل عن الانتماءات الضيقة؛\n- ترسيخ العدالة الاجتماعية؛\n- حماية وتجذير الديمقراطية وضمان الفصل بين السلطات؛\n- إشاعة ثقافة الشفافية في تسيير الشأن العام ومحاربة كافة أشكال الفساد والرشوة وتبييض الأموال والتهرب الضريبي وتمويل الإرهاب؛ …\n- ضمان وحماية الملكية الفردية وحرية المبادرة في إطار احترام المصلحة العامة؛\n- المساهمة في بناء المغرب العربي والأمة العربية والوحدة الإفريقية والأمة الإسلامية؛", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-12-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:53.597585+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "83f5ee47-b071-4a12-a5c6-49ebeba8961c", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "2ce35be4-5127-4891-b07a-02807ce1f4c0", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas political chief Ismail Haniyeh assassinated in Tehran (31 Jul 2024)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Ismail Haniyeh, the chairman of Hamas's political bureau, was assassinated in Tehran in the early hours of 31 July 2024 while staying at an IRGC-run guesthouse. He had travelled to Iran to attend the inauguration of newly elected President Masoud Pezeshkian the previous day. A bodyguard was also killed. Haniyeh had headed Hamas's political bureau since 2017 and previously served as Palestinian Authority prime minister.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-07-31", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:00.765439+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7e3431b4-a70b-4db3-a0a9-0de0a5fc96fa", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah killed in Israeli airstrike on Beirut's southern suburbs (27 Sep 2024)", "source_url": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/hezbollah-confirms-its-leader-hassan-nasrallah-was-killed-by-an-israeli-airstrike-in-beirut", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Hassan Nasrallah, who had led Hezbollah since 1992, was killed on 27 September 2024 in an Israeli airstrike on the group's headquarters in the Dahiyeh area south of Beirut while leadership were meeting there. Hezbollah confirmed his death on 28 September 2024, saying he had 'joined his fellow martyrs.' A senior Iranian Revolutionary Guard commander, Abbas Nilforushan, was also killed in the same strike. Israeli officials described it as among the most significant targeted strikes in the state's history.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:05.481215+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "59ef1453-0b82-482f-b6b8-b9abf8753f43", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000211", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Prime Minister Yair Lapid — Address to the 77th Session of the UN General Assembly (22 September 2022)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/il_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Conducting this orchestra of hate, is Iran. For more than forty years now, in the town squares and on the streets of Iran, demonstrators have been photographed burning Israeli and American flags. [… …] This is a regime that systematically deals with hatred.\n\nIran's regime hates Jews, hates women, hates gay people, hates the West. They hate and kill Muslims who think differently, like Salman Rushdie and Mahsa Amini. Their hate is a way of life. It is a way to preserve their oppressive rule.\n\nThere is only one member-state in the UN that openly states its wish to destroy another member-state. Iran has declared time and time again that it is interested in the \"total destruction\" of the State of Israel. [… …]\n\nThe only way to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, is to put a credible military threat on the table. And then — and only then — to negotiate a Longer and Stronger deal with them. It needs to be made clear to Iran, that if it advances its nuclear program, the world will not respond with words, but with military force. [… …] We will do whatever it takes: Iran will not get a nuclear weapon.\n\nIsrael's economic and military strength allows us to protect ourselves but it also allows us something else: To strive for peace with the entire Arab world. And with our closest neighbors — the Palestinians. An agreement with the Palestinians, based on two states for two peoples, is the right thing for Israel's security, for Israel's economy and for the future of our children.\n\nDespite all the obstacles, still today a large majority of Israelis support the vision of this two state solution. I am one of them.\n\nWe have only one condition: That a future Palestinian state will be a peaceful one. That it will not become another terror base from which to threaten the well-being, and the very existence of Israel. That we will have the ability to protect the security of all the citizens of Israel, at all times. [… …] You can ask us to live according to the values in the UN Charter, but you cannot ask us to die for them.\n\nIsrael seeks peace with our neighbors. All our neighbors. We are not going anywhere. The Middle East is our home. We are here to stay. Forever. And we call upon every Muslim country — from Saudi Arabia to Indonesia — to recognize that, and to come talk to us. Our hand is outstretched for peace. [… …]\n\nThe State of Israel is the only country in the world founded by a book. The Book of Books. The Tanach. That book and the principles of liberal democracy require us to stretch out our hand in peace. Our history requires us to be clear-eyed and very careful.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:13.747648+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "27994458-b882-4025-a7ab-3cfa196ff98c", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "254a0bba-c50b-4185-b77d-3ad43544c560", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Mikati — UN GA 77 (Sep 2022): Lebanon's economic collapse, IMF deal, Israel maritime border, NPwA, refugees", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/lb_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة دولة رئيس الحكومة اللبنانية الأستاذ نجيب ميقاتي أمام الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة للدورة السابعة والسبعين — نيويورك في 21 أيلول 2022. […] أخص بالشكر قوات الطوارئ الدولية (اليونيفيل) لما تبذله من تضحيات وجهود من أجل الحفاظ على الاستقرار في جنوب لبنان، بالتنسيق الوثيق مع الجيش اللبناني الذي نتطلع معكم وعبركم إلى تعزيز قدراته العسكرية وتخفيف الأعباء المادية عليه. وفي هذا السياق نؤكد التزام لبنان التام بتنفيذ كامل مندرجات القرار 1701 وكافة قرارات الشرعية الدولية. أما في ما يتعلق بترسيم حدودنا البحرية بوساطة أميركية مشكورة ومرحب بها، وبرعاية أممية، يهمني أن أؤكد مجدداً تمسك لبنان المطلق بسيادته وحقوقه وثروته في مياهه الإقليمية ومنطقته الاقتصادية الخالصة، مكررين أمامكم رغبتنا الصادقة في التوصل إلى حلّ تفاوضيّ طال انتظاره. ويسرني إعلامكم بأننا أحرزنا تقدماً ملموساً نأمل أن نصل إلى خواتيمه المرجوة في وقت قريب. إنّ لبنان مصمّم على حماية مصالحه الوطنية وخيرات شعبه وعلى استثمار موارده الوطنية، ويعي أهمية سوق الطاقة الواعد في شرق المتوسط. […] أما في بلدي لبنان، فنحن نواجه منذ سنوات عدة، أسوأ أزمة اقتصادية اجتماعية في تاريخنا، نالت من سائر المؤسسات ووضعت غالبية اللبنانيين تحت خط الفقر، وتسببت بهجرة الكثير من الطاقات الشابة والواعدة، وخسارة الوطن خيرة أبنائه. فإضافة إلى التدهور الاقتصادي الحاد وغير المسبوق، وانهيار سعر صرف العملة الوطنية إلى أدنى مستوى تاريخي لها، والإغلاقات العامة التي فرضتها جائحة كورونا، ناهيك عن فاجعة انفجار مرفأ بيروت الذي نحرص على جلاء الحقيقة بشأنه، وتبعات الأزمة السورية وأعباء النازحين. […] إن انتماء لبنان العربي وريادته في الالتزام بالقضايا العربية هما ترجمة لما جاء في دستوره وفي اتفاق الطائف الذي أنهى الحرب الأهلية الدامية التي عصفت ببلادي. ولا بد من أن أؤكد، تكراراً، التزامنا التام بهذا الاتفاق، وعدم تساهلنا مع أية محاولة للمس بمندرجاته، إضافة إلى تجديد الالتزام بمبدأ النأي بالنفس الذي انتهجناه منذ حكومتنا الماضي سعياً لإبعاد وطننا قدر المستطاع عمّا لا طاقة له عليه. […] إن وجود دولة لبنانية سيدّة ومستقلة، قوية وقادرة، تحمي النظام الديمقراطي البرلماني والحريات العامة والخاصة، وتؤمن بالتسامح والتآخي والتلاقي، وتعتمد سياسة 'النأي بالنفس' والابتعاد عن 'سياسة المحاور'، هو حاجة ماسة للأمن والسلم والسلام والاستقرار والازدهار في المنطقة. […] تبقى القضية الفلسطينية القضية الأم التي تعيق تحقيق السلم والاستقرار في منطقة الشرق الأوسط. إن الظلم الواقع بحق الشعب الفلسطيني آن أوان رفعه وتحقيق الدولة الفلسطينية السيدة والمستقلة وعاصمتها القدس الشريف وتنفيذ كافة قرارات الشرعية الدولية بهذا الشأن بما في ذلك قرار عودة اللاجئين إلى ديارهم. […] أكرر مطالبتي للجميع بتحييد لبنان عن كافة صراعات المنطقة والعالم.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:20.020028+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "60bc296e-96f3-40aa-9474-b716ae5529e4", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "President Mahmoud Abbas address to the 72nd UN General Assembly, 20 Sep 2017 — the 'draining the swamp of colonial occupation' speech (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/72/ps_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Mr. President of the United Nations General Assembly, Mr. Secretary-General of the United Nations, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nTwenty-four years have passed since the signing of the Oslo Accords, an interim agreement that set a five-year period for bringing an end to the Israeli occupation, granting hope to the Palestinian people that they would soon achieve independence within their State and achieve peace between Palestinians and Israelis. What is left of this hope today?\n\nWe recognized the state of Israel on the 1967 borders. But Israel's continuous refusal to recognize these borders has put into question the mutual recognition we signed in Oslo in 1993.\n\nSince my speech before your august Assembly last year, when I appealed for 2017 to be the year for ending the Israeli occupation of the territory of the State of Palestine, the Israeli Government has relentlessly pursued its settlement campaign on our land, in contravention of all international conventions and the relevant resolutions on the question of Palestine. It has persisted with its flagrant disregard for the two-State solution, resorting to delay policies and tactics and devising pretexts to evade its responsibility to end its occupation of the territory of the State of Palestine.\n\nInstead of addressing the underlying issues and resolving the root causes of the conflict, it has tried to misdirect international attention to the secondary issues actually caused by its colonial policies.\n\nIt is thus very strange to hear some of those who hold the responsibility to end this occupation referring to it as an 'alleged occupation'. Such perceptions are totally disconnected from reality.\n\nIsrael bares first and foremost the shame for continuation of this occupation, but so does the international community.\n\nBeyond any doubt, draining the swamp of colonial occupation of our land and ending its unjust, oppressive and illegal practices against our people would greatly affect the fight against terrorism, depriving terrorist groups of one of the key rallying cries they exploit to promote their repugnant ideas. We must thus reiterate that ending the Israeli occupation of our land is of urgency and an integral part of the efforts that must be undertaken to confront such groups.\n\nWe have explored every avenue and exerted far-reaching efforts to achieve peace with our Israeli neighbors, and together, with the Arab and Islamic States, have adopted an invaluable initiative — the Arab Peace Initiative — aimed at resolving the Palestinian and Arab-Israeli conflict.\n\n[… listing peace initiatives — Arab Peace Initiative, Quartet Roadmap, French Initiative, Putin/Xi initiatives, Trump effort — elided…]\n\nOn our part, we have also repeatedly tried to revive the peace process and called on the Israeli Prime Minister to affirm his commitment to the two-State solution and sit with us at the negotiations table to delineate the borders between Israel and the State of Palestine in order to open a path for meaningful negotiations to resolve all other final status issues. Unfortunately, he rejected this offer.\n\nWe have warned in the past and continue to warn of Israeli policies aimed at entrenching the occupation and colonial facts on the ground in East Jerusalem. These policies stir religious animosity and may lead to a violent religious conflict.\n\nDespite this ongoing occupation and its oppressive policies and practices, we have been able to build the institutions of our State, which has been recognized by a majority of Member States of this organization.\n\nThe two-State solution is today in jeopardy. We cannot as Palestinians stand still in the face of this threat targeting our national, political and social existence on our land, and endangering regional and international peace and security.\n\nIn such a situation, it is our right to search for alternatives that preserve our rights and protect our land and our people from an entrenching system of Apartheid. We have called on the International Criminal Court to open an investigation and to prosecute Israeli officials for their involvement in settlement activities and aggressions against our people, and we will continue to pursue our accessions to international conventions, protocols and organizations.\n\nThe path we have chosen as Palestinians and Arabs, and the path chosen by the world is that of international law and international legitimacy. Our choice is the two-State solution on the 1967 borders, and we will grant every chance for the efforts being undertaken by President Donald Trump and the Quartet and international community as a whole to achieve an historic agreement that brings the two-State solution to reality.\n\nBut if the two-State solution were to be destroyed due to the creation of a one-State reality with two systems — Apartheid — from the unchecked imposition of this occupation that is rejected by our people and the world, this would be a failure, and neither you, nor we, will have any other choice but to continue the struggle and demand full, equal rights for all inhabitants of historic Palestine. This is not a threat, but a warning of the realities before us as a result of ongoing Israeli policies that are gravely undermining the two-State solution.\n\nFrom here, I address the Israeli people, across the spectrum of their society, and tell them: We want to live in peace. Do not listen to those who try to convince you that peace between us is not possible. Our problem is with the Israeli colonial occupation and not with Judaism as a religion. Judaism for us Palestinians — Christians and Muslims — will never be considered a threat. It is a monotheistic religion like Islam and Christianity. The Creator says in the Quran: 'In the name of God the merciful \"we do not distinguish between his prophets\".' Almighty God spoke the truth.\n\nWe have also repeatedly affirmed that Gaza will not be the Palestinian State, and that there can be no Palestinian State without Gaza.\n\nAlso in my speech before this Assembly last year, I appealed to the British Government to rectify the grave injustice it inflicted upon the Palestinian people when it issued the Balfour Declaration in 1917. Until this moment, the British Government has not taken any step to correct this historical injustice and has neither apologized to the Palestinian people nor compensated them, nor has it recognized the State of Palestine.\n\nTo save the peace process and the two-State solution, I urge this organization and your honorable States to do the following:\n\nFirst: Actively pursue efforts to bring an end to the Israeli occupation of the State of Palestine within a set timeframe.\n\nSecond: Act to bring a halt to all settlement activities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem.\n\nThird: Ensure international protection to the land and people of the State of Palestine.\n\nFourth: Demand that Israel endorse and commit to the borders of 1967 as basis for the two-State solution.\n\nFifth: I urge all Member States of the United Nations that have recognized Israel to proclaim that their recognition is based on the 1967 borders.\n\nSixth: I call on all States to end all forms of direct and indirect involvement with, and support to, the illegal Israeli colonial settlement regime in the land of the occupied State of Palestine.\n\nSeventh: I urge those States that have not recognized the State of Palestine yet to do so.\n\nEighth: We look to the Security Council to approve our application for full membership of the State of Palestine to the United Nations.\n\n[… closing salutations elided…]\n\nI tell them all that freedom is coming and is inevitable, and that occupation shall come to an end. It will either be the independence of the State of Palestine, living side by side in peace and security with the state of Israel on the 1967 borders, or equal rights for all of the inhabitants of the land of historic Palestine from the river to the sea.\n\nI thank you. Peace be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-09-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:35.001931+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e6835acd-c299-4801-bcd2-5a72eb3482ab", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000281", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 22 Sep 2023 (Arabic original — Tier-1 primary; English translation needed for scoring)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/iq_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة السيد محمد شياع السوداني رئيس وزراء جمهورية العراق أمام الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة — الدورة 78 — 22 أيلول/سبتمبر 2023.\n\nالسيد رئيس الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة، السيد الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة، أصحاب الجلالة والفخامة والمعالي، السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته.\n\nإن إرادة الاتفاق والتفاهم تغلبت في العراق الجديد، ونجحنا بتجاوز أيّامٍ صعبة، لتولدَ حكومتُنا الحالية التي يقفُ خلفها ائتلافٌ سياسيٌ واسعٌ يضمُّ كلَّ الأطيافِ والمكوناتِ العراقية.\n\nتبنت هذه الحكومة برنامجاً إصلاحياً شاملاً وطموحاً، لتصحيح المسار وإعادةِ الثقةِ بالنظام السياسي وتوفيرِ العيشِ الكريمِ للمواطن وتأمينِ مستقبلهِ وبناءِ عراقٍ قوٍي مقتدر.\n\nتركزت أولوياتنا على: توفير فرص العمل، وتحقيق نهضةٍ واسعةٍ في الخدمات، ومحاربةِ الفقر ورفع المستوى المعاشي، ومكافحةِ الفساد، وتجذير الإصلاحات الشاملة في الجوانب الاقتصادية والإدارية، وفي القِطّاع المالي والمصرفي.\n\nوأطلقنا مشروعَ طريق التنمية، المشروع الرائدَ والأحدثَ في المنطقة، وهو القناةُ البرّيّةُ الحيويةُ الرابطةُ بينَ أجزاءٍ اقتصاديةٍ أساسيةٍ في منطقتنا النامية، والطريقُ الأنسبُ والأفضلُ للتجارة والتبادل الاقتصادي في المنطقة.\n\nلقد أوردت العديد من المؤسسات الدولية تقارير تتحدث عن تفشي الفساد في العراق، ونحن شخّصنا هذه الآفة وأطلقنا عليها مصطلحَ 'jihadة الفساد'، وجعلنا مُحاربتها أولى أولوياتِنا. وشرعنا بملاحقةِ المطلوبين أينما وجدوا، ومهما كانت مناصبُهم وانتماءاتُهم، لأننا نؤمنُ بالترابطِ بين الفسادِ والإرهاب، فأحدُهما يسندُ الآخر.\n\nلقد حرصنا على بناء سياسةٍ خارجيةٍ مستقلةٍ ومتوازنةٍ تستهدفُ التعاون، وترتكزُ على تقريبِ وجهاتِ النظر والمشتركات، وأن يكونَ العراقُ مصدرَ استقرارٍ في محيطِه الإقليمي والدولي، وجزءاً من الحلِّ في أية مشكلةٍ إقليميةٍ أو دولية.\n\nوندعو إلى إقامة تجمّعٍ إقليميٌ يضمُّ دولَ شواطئِ الخليج، من العراقِ وإيرانَ والدولِ الأعضاءِ في مجلسِ التعاونِ الخليجي... لإدارةِ المياه، ومواجهةِ التغييراتِ المناخية، وتعزيزِ حمايةِ البيئة، والعملِ المشتركِ في مواجهةِ الجفاف.\n\nإنّ حرقَ القرآنِ الكريمِ جريمةُ كراهيةٍ تستهدفُ الاعتداءَ على ربعِ سكّانِ العالم، وآخرين ينظرون باحترامٍ وتقديرٍ للمقدّسات، وهو ممّا لا يمكنُ سَوقُهُ على أنّهُ من حريةِ التعبير.\n\nلقد ذقنا في العراق مرارةَ التطرّفِ الديني، وعرفنا مآلاته، وهذه الأفعالَ من صلبِ الدوافعِ لخلقِ التطرفِ والتشجيعِ نحوه، وما زالت داعشُ الإرهابيةُ خيرَ مثالٍ أمامَنا.\n\nنجددُ على مسامعِ العالم، موقفَنا الواضحَ والثابتَ من الحقِّ الفلسطيني في إقامةِ الدولةِ الفلسطينيةِ المستقلةِ وعاصمتها القدس، كما نؤكدُ دعمَ العراق لوحدةِ سوريا، أرضاً وشعباً.\n\nختاماً، لقد حانَ الوقتُ لأنْ يأخذَ العراقُ مكانهُ الطبيعيّ في المجتمعِ الدولي، بعد نجاحِه الباهرِ في محاربةِ الإرهابِ نيابةً عن المجتمعِ الدولي، بعد نجاحه الباهرِ في محاربةِ الإرهاب، وسطّرَ الشعبُ العراقيّ بطولاتٍ خالدةً، وكان الدورُ البارزُ للمرجعيةِ الرشيدةِ المتمثلةِ بآيةِ الله العظمى السيد علي السيستاني وفتواه المباركة، وبسالةِ جميعِ القواتِ الأمنيةِ والعسكريةِ العراقيةِ في هذه الانتصارات.\n\nشكراً لحسنِ إصغائِكم... والسلامُ عليكم ورحمةُ اللهِ وبركاتُه.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:41.884297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d1b25af6-1131-488c-be2b-7e40b9d66b04", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Sadat 1977 Knesset address (peace initiative)", "source_url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/خطاب-الرئيس-أنور-السادات-أمام-الكنيست", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "وقبل أن أعلن جوابي، أرجو أن أؤكد لكم، أنني أعتمد، في هذا الجواب الواضح الصريح، على حقائق عدة، لا مهرب لأحد من الاعتراف بها:\n\nالحقيقة الأولى، إنه لا سعادة لأحد على حساب شقاء الآخرين.\n\nالحقيقة الثانية، إنني لم أتحدث ولن أتحدث بلُغَتَيْن، ولم أتعامل ولن أتعامل بسياستَيْن. ولست أتعامل مع أحدٍ، إلاّ بلُغة واحدة، وسياسة واحدة، ووجْه واحد.\n\nالحقيقة الثالثة، إنَّ المواجهة المباشرة والخط المستقيم، هما أقرب الطرق وأنجحها للوصول إلى الهدف الواضح.\n\nالحقيقة الرابعة، إنَّ دعوة السلام الدائم، العادل، المَبْني على احترام قرارات الأمم المتحدة، أصبحت اليوم دعوة العالم كله، وأصبحت تعبيراً واضحاً عن إرادة المجتمع الدولي.\n\nالحقيقة الخامسة، ولعلَّها أبرز الحقائق وأوضحها، إنّ الأمة العربية لا تتحرك في سعيها من أجل السلام الدائم، العادل، من موقع ضعف أو اهتزاز، بل إنها على العكس تماماً، تملك من مقومات القوة والاستقرار ما يجعل كلمتها نابعة من إرادة صادقة نحو السلام.\n\nمن واقع هذه الحقائق، التي أردت أن أضعكم في صورتها كما أراها، أرجو أيضاً أن أحذركم، لكل الصدق:\n\nأولا: إنني لم أجئ إليكم لكي أعقد اتفاقاً منفرداً بين مصر وإسرائيل. ليس هذا وارداً في سياسة مصر. فليست المشكلة هي مصر وإسرائيل. وأي سلام منفرد بين مصر وإسرائيل، أو بين أية دولة من دول المواجهة وإسرائيل، فإنه لن يُقِيم السلام الدائم، العادل، في المنطقة كلها.\n\nثانيا: إنني لم أجئ إليكم لكي أسعى إلى سلام جزئي، بمعنى أن ننهي حالة الحرب في هذه المرحلة، ثم نرجئ المشكلة برمّتها إلى مرحلة تالية. فليس هذا هو الحل الجذري الذي يصل بنا إلى السلام الدائم.\n\nلقد جئت إليكم لكي نبني معاً السلام الدائم، العادل، حتى لا تُراق نقطة دم واحدة من جسد عربي أو إسرائيلي.\n\nومن أجل هذا، أعلنت أنني مستعدّ لأن أذهب إلى آخِر العالم.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1977-11-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:33.265327+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "60ae06a9-9ecc-49d8-8a41-0b1508f4c133", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Sisi 2016 UN General Assembly address (71st session)", "source_url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "وفى وسط تلك التحديات التي يموج بها النظام الدولي، استطاع شعب مصر أن يفرض إرادته لتحقيق الاستقرار وحماية الدولة ومؤسساتها بل وتحصين المجتمع من التشرذم والانزلاق نحو الفوضى؛ فأقر دستوراً جديداً يحمى الحقوق والحريات، التي شملها الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان، حيث كفل الدستور المساواة في الحقوق على أساس المواطنة، ورسخ الحماية للفئات التي تحتاج رعاية، الأمر الذي سمح للمرأة بالفوز بعدد غير مسبوق من مقاعد مجلس النواب، ووسع تمثيل الشباب في المجلس.\n\nما زالت منطقة الشرق الأوسط تموج بصراعات دامية، إلا ان مصر استطاعت أن تحافظ على استقرارها وسط محيط إقليمي شديد الاضطراب، وذلك بفضل ثبات مؤسساتها ووعى الشعب المصري بموروثه الحضاري العميق، وهو أمر يتعين على المجتمع الدولى ادراكه ودعمه لما فى صالح المنطقة والعالم بأسره.\n\nوفى نفس السياق الإقليمي المضطرب ما زال الصراع العربي/الإسرائيلي جوهر عدم الاستقرار في الشرق الأوسط، وهو ما يتطلب تكاتف جهود دول المنطقة والمجتمع الدولي للتوصل لحل نهائي وشامل للصراع. وإذ تبذل مصر مساعيها الحثيثة لتحريك العملية السلمية، وصولاً لتسوية نهائية وسلام دائم وعادل قائم على حل الدولتين؛ فإنها ترحب بالمساعي القائمة على رغبة حقيقية في تحسين الأوضاع في الأراضي الفلسطينية فى ظل ما يعانيه الفلسطينيون من وضع يجب معالجته والتركيز على إنهاء الاحتلال واستعادة الشعب الفلسطيني لحقوقه من خلال اتفاق سلام وفقا لقرارات الشرعية الدولية، يضمن للفلسطينيين حقهم في دولتهم، ويحقق لإسرائيل أمنها وسط علاقات طبيعية في محيطها الإقليمي.\n\nوتؤكد مصر أن يد السلام ما زالت ممدودة عبر مبادرة السلام العربية، وتشدد على ضرورة العمل على اتخاذ خطوات بناءة لإنهاء الاستيطان الإسرائيلي وبدء مفاوضات الوضع النهائي، مع التوقف عن الأعمال التي تضر بالتراث العربي في القدس الشريف.\n\nاسمحوا لي من خلال هذا المنبر الذي يمثل صوت العالم أن أتوجه بنداء إلى الشعب الإسرائيلي والقيادة الإسرائيلية حول أهمية إيجاد حل لهذه القضية، لدينا فرصة حقيقية لكتابة صفحة مضيئة فى تاريخ المنطقة للتحرك في اتجاه السلام ... التجربة المصرية تجربة رائعة ومتفردة ويمكن تكرارها مرة أخرى لحل القضية الفلسطينية وإنشاء دولة فلسطينية بجانب دولة إسرائيلية .. تحقق الأمن والأمان للفلسطينيين وتحقق الأمن والأمان الاسرائيليين .. تحقق الاستقرار والازدهار للفلسطينيين وتحقق مزيداً من الاستقرار والازدهار للاسرائيين.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2016-09-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T17:58:21.833068+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "71f84496-9e6a-4fe6-a527-25fb611bd2ca", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "b0f6b75e-e779-4151-bda7-f4b7ed8fa813", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Mansour Abbas prime-time address: 'coexistence based on mutual respect', 1 Apr 2021 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/text-of-mansour-abbass-speech-i-seek-coexistence-based-on-mutual-respect-equality/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "\"I carry a prayer of hope, and the search for coexistence based on mutual respect and genuine equality. What we have in common is greater than what divides us.\"\n\n\"I, Mansour Abbas, a man of the Islamic Movement, am a proud Arab and Muslim, a citizen of the state of Israel, who heads the leading, biggest political movement in Arab society, courageously champion a vision of peace, mutual security, partnership and tolerance between the peoples. I reach out a hand in my name and that of my colleagues and on behalf of the public that voted for me — to create an opportunity for coexistence in this holy land, blessed by three religions and of two peoples.\"\n\n[Of Ra'am:] \"respects every person whoever they are, sanctifies life and abhors all violence against anybody based on political or national or religious reasons. The time has come for us to listen to each other; to respect each other's narrative, to respect the other.\"\n\n\"We don't have to agree on everything. We will obviously differ on many issues, but we must give ourselves and our children the right and opportunity to come to know our neighbors. Every one of us has a name, a culture, a story, experiences and a narrative. If we cannot find the way to defeat ignorance and beat racism, we will bequeath the next generation a complex and dangerous and impossible reality.\"\n\n\"Unlike all the politicians who dealt with boycotts of left and right, I didn't rule out anybody. My approach is what can we say yes to, and less what we can say no to.\"\n\n\"I represent 20% of the [Israeli] public, dealing with all manner of problems — from the absence of personal security, and the lack of a roof over their heads, all the way to the lack of personal and collective fulfillment. We have an opportunity to initiate a change and create a civil society greater than its components. What's needed at this moment is leadership and responsibility: Leadership that can bring the public to a better place, and responsibility that can create trust between the sectors so that we can stride forward to a better future.\"\n\n\"If the road in Wadi Ara is problematic, it doesn't care if the person using it is an Arab or a Jew. If beds are short at Soroka Hospital, that can hurt patients in Beersheba or Rahat. If there is crime and extortion, it doesn't exclude this or that business because of the kind of store sign. If my neighbor goes hungry, me and my family are in danger. And if I don't live in peace within the state, I won't be able to seek peace with my neighbors.\"\n\n\"I don't want to be part of any [political] bloc — right or left. I am here in a different bloc — the bloc that voted for me to serve my people and gave me a mandate to ensure that the needs of the Arab public, that for years were unmet demands, are turned into a genuine work plan and realized.\"\n\n\"Our recommendations are different. I recommend that we all change the reality. I am here to look ahead, and we expect that others, on left and right, will adopt our approach. Renewal is largely about creating change in the climate. We all live in the same climate. This is the time for change.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-04-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c87aa105-e6f3-450d-9477-f94a6149d990", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Yitzhak Rabin's address to the Knesset on the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement (Oslo II), 5 Oct 1995 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/pm-rabin-speech-to-knesset-on-ratification-of-oslo-peace-accords", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "We are striving for a permanent solution to the unending bloody conflict between us and the Palestinians and the Arab states.\n\nIn the framework of the permanent solution, we aspire to reach, first and foremost, the State of Israel as a Jewish state, at least 80% of whose citizens will be, and are, Jews.\n\nAt the same time, we also promise that the non-Jewish citizens of Israel -- Muslim, Christian, Druze and others -- will enjoy full personal, religious, and civil rights, like those of any Israeli citizen. Judaism and racism are diametrically opposed.\n\nWe view the permanent solution in the framework of the State of Israel which will include most of the area of the Land of Israel as it was under the rule of the British Mandate, and alongside it a Palestinian entity which will be a home to most of the Palestinian residents living in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.\n\nWe would like this to be an entity which is less than a state and which will independently run the lives of the Palestinians under its authority. The borders of the State of Israel, during the permanent solution, will be beyond the lines which existed before the Six-Day War. We will not return to the 4 June 1967 lines.\n\nAnd these are the main changes, not all of them, which we envision and want in the permanent solution:\n\nA. First and foremost, united Jerusalem, which will include both Ma'ale Adumim and Givat Ze'ev -- as the capital of Israel, under Israeli sovereignty, while preserving the rights of the members of the other faiths, Christianity and Islam, to freedom of access and freedom of worship in their holy places, according to the customs of their faiths.\n\nB. The security border of the State of Israel will be located in the Jordan Valley, in the broadest meaning of that term.\n\nC. Changes which will include the addition of Gush Etzion, Efrat, Beitar, and other communities, most of which are in the area east of what was the \"Green Line,\" prior to the Six Day War.\n\nD. The establishment of blocs of settlements in Judea and Samaria, like the one in Gush Katif.\n\nThis government, with the Labor Party at its center, this party made its positions known through its party platform, which it made known to the public. Even before the elections to the current Knesset, we made clear and we emphasized to the electorate, at every opportunity, that we preferred a Jewish state, even if not on every part of the Land of Israel, to a binational state, which would emerge with the annexation of 2.2 million Palestinian residents of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.\n\nWe had to choose between the whole of the land of Israel, which meant a binational state, and whose population, as of today, would comprise four and a half million Jews and more than three million Palestinians, who are a separate entity -- religiously, politically, and nationally -- and a state with less territory, but which would be a Jewish state. We chose to be a Jewish state.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1995-10-05", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a2039941-1ea2-42fe-8170-4b9ad199831b", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000294", "country_id": "BH", "title": "Kingdom of Bahrain statement to the 80th UN General Assembly, 26 Sep 2025 (English translation of Arabic original) — first Bahraini UN row, under leadership of King Hamad", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/bh_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Madam President,\n\nThis 80th Session of the General Assembly is convened with the world facing accelerating transformations and complex challenges, including geopolitical tensions, armed conflicts, climate change, and major political and economic crises.\n\nThe Kingdom of Bahrain, under the leadership of His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, and with the support of His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, reaffirms its commitment to strengthening multilateral cooperation, upholding international law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.\n\nThe work of this session coincides with my country's election as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for the coming two years, with 99.5% of votes in the General Assembly.\n\nFrom this standpoint, the Kingdom of Bahrain sets forth its vision, under the leadership of His Majesty the King, for regional and global peace, coexistence, and prosperity. We firmly believe in peace, and that any conflict can only find a lasting solution through direct negotiations, political will, and a spirit of compromise.\n\n**Firstly, a commitment to peaceful solutions to conflicts, especially in the Middle East.** The Kingdom of Bahrain calls for a comprehensive and lasting ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, the protection of civilians, the release of hostages and detainees, expediting the sustained delivery of humanitarian aid, the implementation of the Arab and Islamic plan for recovery and reconstruction in the strip, and the firm rejection of any forced displacement schemes, settlement expansion, or attempts to alter the historical and religious status quo of Jerusalem.\n\nMy country warns of the repercussions of the war in Gaza on regional stability and global interests, and **condemned the Israeli attack on the State of Qatar, which has long played a recognized role in mediation**, together with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United States of America, to achieve a lasting ceasefire in Gaza and secure the release of hostages and detainees.\n\nAccordingly, my country calls for negotiations and diplomatic solutions as the path to resolving the Palestinian issue in line with international law and the UN Charter, and urges the international community to respond to **the initiative of His Majesty the King — endorsed by the 33rd Arab Summit, the \"Bahrain Summit\" — calling for an international peace conference in the Middle East**, leading to a comprehensive and sustainable solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict through direct negotiations.\n\nThe Kingdom of Bahrain welcomes the decision of the General Assembly to endorse the **\"New York Declaration\"** on the peaceful settlement of the Palestinian question and the implementation of the two-state solution, and we commend the growing international recognition of the State of Palestine, and the efforts undertaken by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the French Republic in this regard.\n\nBahrain further emphasizes the need for peaceful solutions to the crises in Syria, Lebanon, Sudan, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, and beyond, in a manner that guarantees their sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity.\n\nThe Kingdom also affirms the importance of joint action to rid the Middle East of weapons of mass destruction, spare it the risks of an arms race and military escalation, and **calls for the resumption of US-Iranian negotiations to resolve the Iranian nuclear file**, in a manner that promotes global peace and security.\n\n**The second pillar is the promotion of a culture of peace, tolerance, coexistence, and dialogue between religions and cultures**, in line with the principles of the \"Kingdom of Bahrain Declaration\" on freedom of religion and belief, and calls for an international convention to combat hate speech, racism, and the misuse of digital platforms to incite extremism, radicalism and terrorism.\n\n**The third pillar of the Kingdom of Bahrain's vision relates to strengthening international strategic partnerships for security, peace, and prosperity.** In this regard, we take pride in the Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement (C-SIPA) signed with the United States of America, and the United Kingdom.\n\nThe fourth pillar reaffirms my country's commitment to strengthening international cooperation for sustainable development and humanitarian solidarity, including tackling poverty around the world.\n\nFrom this standpoint, my country calls for the reform of the United Nations system, to enhance its effectiveness, transparency, and to ensure the representation of developing countries in decision-making. During its upcoming non-permanent membership of the Security Council, my country is committed to promoting dialogue, building bridges of peace, consolidating tolerance and coexistence, supporting the protection and promotion of human rights, advancing sustainable development.\n\nThank you. Peace be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T15:47:04.084662+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "170c8693-b602-451d-a72c-2d75375a6682", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Syrian Arab Republic statement to the 79th UN General Assembly (FM Bassam Sabbagh), 30 Sep 2024 — Assad regime's final UNGA address before the December 2024 fall (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Mr. President, Ladies and gentlemen,\n\nAs this session of the General Assembly is taking place, tensions internationally have reached a boiling point, and efforts to maintain international peace and security are confronted with real challenges and threats: clashes are intensifying, crises are multiplying, conflicts are escalating, chaos is spreading, terrorism is gaining ground, the global economy is faltering, poverty rates are rising, climate change is accelerating, and development indicators are lagging. These are the unfortunate results of eight decades of multilateral action that have followed the establishment of the United Nations.\n\nWhile we previously sought to promote preventive diplomacy and the peaceful settlement of disputes, we are witnessing today more direct wars and proxy wars waged using terrorist tools. Instead of investing efforts and resources in achieving sustainable development for all, some are flagrantly draining the resources of other countries, stealing from their people, and imposing unilateral coercive measures that impoverish and destroy nations.\n\nFor more than a decade, Syria has experienced unparalleled suffering. It fell victim to a fierce terrorist war, direct attacks on its territories that continue to this day, a multifaceted and stifling economic blockade, and an unprecedented political and media incitement campaign. Billions of dollars were spent to erode the development progress that Syria had worked over decades to achieve. Billions more were spent to spread chaos and undermine security and stability, and to force millions of Syrians to leave their homes.\n\nNevertheless, rest assured that, despite everything, we have remained faithful to our strong beliefs, our firm positions, and to the choices we made as a nation. Syria never hesitated to protect and defend its people and never faltered in its war on terrorism. All that has happened has revealed the true intentions of the collective West, which completely contradict the principles and purposes that formed the pillars of foundation and function of this international organization.\n\nThe ongoing Israeli occupation of Arab territories since 1967, including the Syrian Arab Golan, and the genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity it commits, are a glaring example of the failure of this organization, and namely the Security Council, to end this expansionist and racist occupation. It is damning proof that the United States has prevented the Council from fulfilling its responsibility to confront threats to international peace and security.\n\nThe Syrian Arab Republic unequivocally reiterates that the Golan is an occupied Syrian territory and that its inhabitants are Syrian Arab citizens, who are and will always be an integral part of the people of Syria.\n\nThe crimes and attacks of the Israeli occupying forces against Syria cannot be uncoupled from the subversive role played by certain Western countries, especially the United States, in my country Syria. These countries have continued to violate Syria's sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity, by illegally deploying their military forces inside Syria's territory, allowing their officials to sneak into Syria, and supporting separatist militias and terrorist groups.\n\nThese countries have also worked to exacerbate the humanitarian situation of the Syrian people by depriving them of the benefit of their resources as a result of their systematic looting of Syria's national riches, such as oil, gas, and wheat, and by imposing inhumane unilateral coercive measures.\n\nSyria demands once again the immediate, full, and unconditional lifting of unilateral coercive measures as they **amount to a collective punishment of people, a form of economic terrorism, and a flagrant violation of the UN Charter and international law.**\n\nSince the beginning of the terrorist war on Syria, the Syrian government has responsibly and constructively engaged with all initiatives aimed at preserving Syria's sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity, protecting its people from terrorists. Many measures have been taken to that end:\n\nOne: mobilizing all efforts to eradicate terrorist groups, such as ISIL and **Al-Nusra Front / Hayat Tahrir al-Sham**, which are designated on the Security Council lists of terrorist groups and associated entities.\n\nSix: openly engaging with all the efforts and initiatives made at the political level, including taking part in the Astana meetings.\n\nSeven: committing to dialogue and diplomacy as a basis to a course for correcting relations with other countries.\n\n**Syria reiterates its support to the right of the Russian Federation to defend itself and to preserve its national security in response to the West's hostile policies**, and in rejection of the logic of hegemony, and unipolarity.\n\nSyria expresses once again its full support to the Islamic Republic of Iran and its legitimate right to defend its national security, as guaranteed by the UN Charter, and its right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy.\n\nSyria condemns the decades-long United States' economic embargo on Cuba.\n\nIn conclusion, I would like to call on the countries of the world to summon the courage and make the right choice to guarantee a better present and future for present and future generations, and save humanity from the scourge of all-out wars looming on the horizon, by supporting the establishment of a more just and balanced multipolar global order, governed by the principles and purposes of the United Nations Charter, and to reform international political and financial institutions to end the state of hegemony and unipolarity, and deters attempts to undermine the Charter and replace it with the so-called \"rules-based order.\"\n\nThank you, Mr. President.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T15:47:04.084662+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "766d133c-f461-48ee-adab-c8fd1f4cdd99", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "4ab2ad4a-e660-42cd-a860-d65f9dcf2e8f", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Ayman Odeh — 'We Are Ending Netanyahu's Grip on Israel' (The New York Times op-ed, 22 September 2019)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200114121322/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/opinion/netanyahu-israel-gantz-ayman-odeh.html", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "JERUSALEM — The Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel have chosen to reject Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, his politics of fear and hate, and the inequality and division he advanced for the past decade. Last summer, Mr. Netanyahu declared that Arab Palestinian citizens of Israel, who make up a fifth of the population, were to be second-class citizens, officially. “Israel is not a state of all its citizens,” Mr. Netanyahu wrote on Instagram after passing the Nation-State law. “According to the basic nationality law we passed, Israel is the nation-state of the Jewish people — and only it.”\n\nThe Israeli government has done everything in its power to reject those of us who are Arab Palestinian citizens, but our influence has only grown. We will be the cornerstone of democracy. Arab Palestinian citizens cannot change the course of Israel alone, but change is impossible without us. I have argued earlier that if the center-left parties of Israel believe that Arab Palestinian citizens have a place in this country, they must accept that we have a place in its politics.\n\n[… …]\n\nOur demands for a shared, more equal future are clear: We seek resources to address violent crime plaguing Arab cities and towns, housing and planning laws that afford people in Arab municipalities the same rights as their Jewish neighbors and greater access for people in Arab municipalities to hospitals. We demand raising pensions for all in Israel so that our elders can live with dignity, and creating and funding a plan to prevent violence against women.\n\nWe seek the legal incorporation of unrecognized — mostly Palestinian Arab — villages and towns that don’t have access to electricity or water. And we insist on resuming direct negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians to reach a peace treaty that ends the occupation and establishes an independent Palestinian state on the basis of the 1967 borders. We call for repealing the nation-state law that declared me, my family and one-fifth of the population to be second-class citizens. It is because over the decades candidates for prime minister have refused to support an agenda for equality that no Arab or Arab-Jewish party has recommended a prime minister since 1992.\n\nYet this time, we are making a different choice. We have decided to demonstrate that Arab Palestinian citizens can no longer be rejected or ignored. Our decision to recommend Mr. Gantz as the next prime minister without joining his expected national unity coalition government is a clear message that the only future for this country is a shared future, and there is no shared future without the full and equal participation of Arab Palestinian citizens.\n\n[… …]\n\nWe will continue our work toward a better, equal future, and our struggle for civil rights, rooted in our national identity as Palestinians. There is room enough for all of us in our shared homeland, room enough for the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish and the stories of our grandparents, room enough for all of us to raise our families in equality and peace.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:14.977781+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "eec05a06-7395-4f01-8187-8cc1e31786f7", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Bassam Sabbagh (Syria) at UN GA 78 — last pre-Oct-7 Assad-era UN speech: anti-coercive-measures + Golan + Russia alignment", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/sy_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة السفير بسام صباغ رئيس وفد الجمهورية العربية السورية إلى الدورة الثامنة والسبعين للجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة — الثلاثاء 26/9/2023\n\nالسيد دينيس فرانسيس رئيسُ الجمعيةِ العامة، […] يشهدُ عالمنا اليوم تحولاتٍ هامة، وتنامِ لتحدياتٍ خطيرة في مقدمتها اشتعال الصراعات المدمرة في مناطق عديدة حول العالم، واستمرار الاحتلال لبعض شعوب العالم، وانتشار آفة الإرهاب، وتراجع معدلات التنمية، وارتفاع حاد في معدلات الفقر والجوع، إلى جانب وقوع آثار كارثية ناجمة عن الإجراءات القسرية أحادية الجانب، وسياسات الحصار الاقتصادي، بالإضافة إلى وقوع تداعيات سلبية ناجمة عن تغيرات المناخ وما تجلبه من كوارث طبيعية ذات صلة. […]\n\nإنّ سياسات الفوضى الخلاقة التي تبنّتها الإداراتُ الأمريكيةُ المتعاقبة في منطقتنا لخدمةِ مصالحها الجيوسياسية والأنانية، قد قادت إلى زعزعةِ الأمنِ والاستقرار فيها، حيث عملت على افتعال المشاكل وتضخيمها لإشعال التوترات ومن ثم النزاعات، وأنفقت مليارات الدولارات لهدم وتدمير المنجزات التنموية التي تحققت على مدى عقود، وساهمت في بروز ظاهرة التطرف والإرهاب كتنظيمي 'داعش'، و'جبهة النصرة' الإرهابيين. […]\n\nإن المبدأ الأساسي الذي أكّد عليه ميثاقُ الأمم المتحدة هو احترام سيادة واستقلال الدول الأعضاء ووحدة وسلامة أراضيها، وبالتالي فإن أيّ اكتسابٍ لأراضي الغير بالقوة هو احتلال، وأي وجودٍ عسكري على أراضي أية دولة ذات سيادة هو انتهاك صريح لهذا الميثاق، ومخالفةٌ واضحةٌ للقانون الدولي، وعليه فإن احتلال إسرائيل للأراضي العربية في فلسطين والجولان السوري منذ عام 1967 وحتى الآن، وما يستتبعه من بناء للمستوطنات، وتغيير للتكوين الديمغرافي والهيكل المؤسساتي، خاصةً من خلال محاولات فرضِ الجنسيةِ الإسرائيلية قسراً على أبناء الجولان المحتل، ناهيكَ عن نهبِ موارد الجولان الطبيعية، والاستيلاءٍ على أراضي المزارعين السوريين لإقامة توربيناتٍ هوائيةٍ ضخمة عليها، وغيرها من الانتهاكاتِ الموثَّقة، هو أبشعَ أشكالِ الانتهاكاتِ الجسيمةِ والممنهجة لميثاق الأمم المتحدة وللقانون الدولي الإنساني. […]\n\nإن الجمهورية العربية السورية تؤكد مجدداً على حقّها المشروع باستعادة الجولان السوري المحتل كاملاً حتى خط الرابع من حُزَيْران لعام 1967، وهو حقٌّ ثابتٌ لا يخضعُ للمساومةِ أوِ الضغوط، ولا يسقطُ بالتقادم، يكفلهُ القانونُ الدولي وقراراتِ الأمم المتحدة ذات الصلة، وخاصة قرارَ مجلسِ الأمن رقم 497 لعام .1981 […]\n\nيتماهى استمرار الاحتلال الاسرائيلي للأراضي العربية وممارساته الوحشية مع الدور التخريبي الذي تقوم به بعض الدول على الأراضي السورية، إذ تواصل الولايات المتحدة وتركيا انتهاك سيادة سورية ووحدة وسلامة أراضيها، وذلك عبر الإصرار على استمرار تواجدهما العسكري غير الشرعي على الأراضي السورية، ودعم الميليشيات الانفصالية والتنظيمات الإرهابية. […] وبالتوازي مع كل ذلك، تستمر الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وحلفاؤها الأوروبيون في فرض تدابير قسرية أحادية لا شرعية ولا أخلاقية ولا إنسانية على مختلف القطاعات في سورية. […]\n\nتُعيدُ سورية، التأكيدَ على تأييدها لحق الإتحاد الروسي في الدفاع عن نفسِه وحماية أمنِه القومي ردّاً على السياساتِ الغربية العدوانية، وهو بذلك لا يُدافِع عن نفسِه فقط وإنما عن حقّنا جميعاً في رفض منطقَ الهيمنةِ الغربيةِ والقطبيةِ الواحدة. […] تدعم سورية مبدأ الصين الواحدة، وتؤيد مواقفَ جمهوريةِ الصين الشعبية، في مواجهةِ محاولاتِ التدخلِ الخارجِيّ في شؤونها الداخلية، سواءٌ في تايوان أو هونغ كونغ أو شين جيانغ، وتُشدَّدُ على حق الصين غير القابل للتصرف في اتخاذِ ما تُقرّرُه من إجراءاتٍ وخطواتٍ للدفاع عن سيادتِها. […] تُدينُ سورية الحصارَ الاقتصاديَّ المفروضَ على كوبا منذُ عقود، بما في ذلك تمديدَ الإدارة الأمريكية لما يسمى 'قانونَ التجارة مع العدو'.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:20.76233+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f45eac43-f1f4-47e6-a2ff-b7a8d02806cb", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas — 2017 'Document of General Principles and Policies' (Zionism-not-Jews distinction, formula-of-national-consensus 1967-borders)", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hamas_Charter", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From the Hamas Document of General Principles and Policies (Wathiqat al-Mabadi' al-Amma wa-al-Siyasat al-Amma li-Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah — Hamas), issued at a press conference in Doha 1 May 2017 by then-Hamas chairman Khaled Meshaal as a 42-article doctrinal-update from the foundational 1988 Hamas Covenant (separately staged in Tayyar):\n\nOn the Zionist project as conflict-target (Articles 14-17 area):\n'Palestine is a land that was seized by a racist, anti-human and colonial Zionist project.'\n\n'Hamas affirms that its conflict is with the Zionist project not with the Jews because of their religion.'\n[NOTE: This 2017 framing is doctrinally crucial — it explicitly disambiguates 'conflict with Zionist project' from 'conflict with Jews because of their religion.' This 2017 articulation makes formal what Yassin's 1997 NYT statement (already staged) had articulated in interview form 20 years earlier. The framing is the canonical Hamas-doctrinal-modernization moment, designed to position Hamas as politically-not-religiously-opposed-to-Israel for international audiences.]\n\nOn the 1967 borders framework (Articles 18-23 area, the 'formula of national consensus' language):\nThe document describes accepting a Palestinian state 'in accordance with the 1967 borders with Jerusalem as its capital' as a 'formula of national consensus' while maintaining rejection of the Zionist entity.\n[NOTE: This 2017 'formula of national consensus' framing is the most-cited single articulation of Hamas's 2017 partial-acceptance of 1967-borders-two-state-framework. The framing is doctrinally distinct from the 1988 Covenant (already staged) which rejected all 'initiatives and peaceful solutions and international conferences' as inconsistent with the Islamic Resistance Movement's principles. The 2017 Document preserves the maximalist position (all of historic Palestine) as the doctrinal-aspiration while accepting 1967-borders-state as the doctrinal-tactical-formula.]\n\nHistorical context: The 2017 Document was authored by a Hamas committee chaired by Mousa Abu Marzouk over 4 years (2013-2017). It was issued by Khaled Meshaal in Doha 1 May 2017 — a venue chosen for its symbolic distance from both Gaza (under Hamas control) and the West Bank (under PA control). The document was widely interpreted by Western analysts as a Hamas-positioning-for-international-engagement attempt; the Israeli government rejected it as 'window-dressing' that preserved the 1988 Covenant's maximalist objectives in tactical language.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-05-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:29.531901+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9761b246-7967-4641-9072-eb7ff3a822af", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "8e08057f-c1c6-4ffc-8bff-e3349b3b169a", "country_id": "JO", "title": "Crown Prince Al Hussein bin Abdullah II address to the 72nd UN General Assembly, 21 Sep 2017 — youth generation, on behalf of King Abdullah II", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/72/jo_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In the Name of God, the Most Merciful, the Compassionate\n\nMr. President, Mr. Secretary General, Distinguished Heads of Delegation, Your Excellencies,\n\nI am honored today to speak on behalf of His Majesty King Abdullah II and the people of Jordan.\n\nTwo years ago, I had the chance to advocate on behalf of my generation, and chair a United Nations Security Council meeting to adopt the first resolution on youth. Our joint efforts resulted in the historic, unanimous adoption of Resolution 2250 on Youth, Peace and Security, aimed at empowering young people to participate in peace processes and dispute resolution.\n\nToday, I stand before you as a representative of my beloved Jordan, but also as a member of the largest generation of young people in history.\n\nLike every other generation, we have inherited the collective wisdom and values of our elders. And like others before us, we must often struggle to reconcile them with our reality today. What that reality is, is unprecedented.\n\nOurs is a world at an epic intersection, driven by the confluence of deepened globalization and disruptive technologies. We are at the brink of a fourth industrial revolution, which is redefining how we function as societies and how we relate to one another as human beings. Our hyper-connected world is at once bringing people closer together and widening the divisions between them.\n\nAmid all this, the young people of my generation are asking: what are the values that anchor global citizenship today? In which direction does our collective moral compass point, and can it guide us safely to justice, prosperity and peace for all?\n\nToo often, people of my generation are labeled as dreamers. Yet, we all know that every great deed was born a dream. We are often dismissed as idealists, but idealism is not foolish; it is fearless. It invigorates us to lift our reality to the level of our higher ideals, not compromise our ideals in the face of adversity.\n\nThroughout its history, Jordan has suffered external shock after external shock, but the last couple of decades have been relentless. We are currently bordered by a number of conflicts. Over the years, there have been wars in Gaza, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yemen and worsening prospects for peace in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.\n\nYet in the face of these daunting challenges, we did not back down from our ideals, or our values. We did not turn our backs on people in need. We're weighed down by massive debt, yet we stand tall and proud. Our soldiers dodge bullets to let refugees into our country, not keep them out.\n\nDifficult circumstances did not stop Jordan from being a net contributor to global good.\n\nWe have remained steadfast in our commitment to a just and peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on the two-state solution, despite prevailing skepticism.\n\nWe have staunchly upheld our duty as Hashemite Custodians of Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem. Preserving the historical and legal status quo at Al Aqsa Mosque/Al Haram Al Sharif is key to peace in our region and the world, as Jerusalem is the cradle of all three monotheistic religions.\n\nWe have been unwavering in the international war against terrorism and our promotion of the true values of Islam. Our peacekeeping troops have protected innocent civilians from Haiti to Darfur to East Timor; and our calls for inclusiveness and moderation ring loud in a region too often deafened by division and extremism.\n\nWe have done the right thing, over and over again, because that is what real integrity means, but how has the world reacted?\n\nNo doubt, Jordan is regularly praised for its humanitarian and moral stance, and we are proud of our country's reputation, but kind words don't balance budgets, build schools or bolster employment.\n\nFor the people and youth of Jordan, important questions linger:\n\nHow can it be that a country as small as ours struggles in the face of such crushing adversity, only to be told that its friends are suffering from donor fatigue?\n\nHow can it be, that a country like Jordan offers a humble home to millions of desperate people, while richer countries around the world quibble over accepting thousands?\n\nWhat does it say about our common humanity, when last year alone the world spent close to 1.7 trillion dollars on arms, but fell short by less than 1.7 billion in fulfilling the UN appeal to support Syrian refugees and host communities in countries like Jordan?\n\nWhat does it say when trillions are spent waging wars in our region, but little to take our region to safer shores?\n\nThere are no good answers.\n\nThe sad reality is that war economies are thriving to the benefit of a few, while real economies are suffering to the detriment of all.\n\nThe message to the youth of Jordan and our region is loud and clear: there is no shortage of money for fighting evil, but the appetite for rewarding virtue is nearly non-existent; that the voice of those who defend and build is drowned out by those who attack and destroy.\n\nIt just doesn't add up.\n\nSo, what do we tell the people of Jordan? What does the international community tell our young majority?\n\nDo we tell them that the values we live by… are of no value? That pragmatism beats principles? That complacency trumps compassion?\n\nOr that we should play it safe; turn our backs on people in need, because we cannot count on others to have our back?\n\nThe United Nations is our global conscience, but for too many in my country, and others around the world trying to do good, it sometimes feels like the world's conscience is on 'silent' mode.\n\nIt's time to break the silence and start finding answers. In doing so, we can unleash a global current that carries our common humanity to safer shores.\n\nOur commitment to peace, moderation and international cooperation is uncompromising. Water a thirsty fruit-bearing tree or continue to add fuel to a raging fire? The world has a choice to make.\n\nThank you very much.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:36.119125+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "af243c5d-fead-4a32-9b9c-4a71a1b3dd4f", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Hezbollah — 'An Open Letter: The Hizballah Program' (16 February 1985; English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.ict.org.il/UserFiles/The%20Hizballah%20Program%20-%20An%20Open%20Letter.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "OUR IDENTITY\n\nWe are often asked: Who are we, the Hizballah, and what is our identity? We are the sons of the umma (Muslim community) - the party of God (Hizb Allah) the vanguard of which was made victorious by God in Iran. There the vanguard succeeded to lay down the bases of a Muslim state which plays a central role in the world. We obey the orders of one leader, wise and just, that of our tutor and faqih (jurist) who fulfills all the necessary conditions: Ruhollah Musawi Khomeini. God save him!\n\nBy virtue of the above, we do not constitute an organized and closed party in Lebanon, nor are we a tight political cadre. We are an umma linked to the Muslims of the whole world by the solid doctrinal and religious connection of Islam, whose message God wanted to be fulfilled by the Seal of the Prophets, i.e., Muhammad. [… …] Our behavior is dictated to us by legal principles laid down by the light of an overall political conception defined by the leading jurist (wilayat al-faqih).\n\nOUR OBJECTIVES\n\n[… …] (c) to permit all the sons of our people to determine their future and to choose in all the liberty the form of government they desire. We call upon all of them to pick the option of Islamic government which, alone, is capable of guaranteeing justice and liberty for all. Only an Islamic regime can stop any further tentative attempts of imperialistic infiltration into our country.\n\nWe are an umma which adheres to the message of Islam. [… …] This is why we don't want to impose Islam upon anybody, as much as we that others impose upon us their convictions and their political systems. We don't want Islam to reign in Lebanon by force as is the case with the Maronites today. [… …]\n\nThe politics followed by the chiefs of political Maronism through the 'Lebanese Front' and the 'Lebanese Forces' cannot guarantee peace and tranquility for the Christians of Lebanon, whereas it is predicated upon 'asabiyya (narrow-minded particularism), on confessional privileges and on the alliance with colonialism. The Lebanese crisis has proven that confessional privileges are one of the principal causes of the great explosion which ravaged the country. [… …]\n\nWORLD SCENE\n\nWe reject both the USSR and the US, both Capitalism and Communism, for both are incapable of laying the foundations for a just society.\n\nThe Necessity for the Destruction of Israel\n\nWe see in Israel the vanguard of the United States in our Islamic world. It is the hated enemy that must be fought until the hated ones get what they deserve. [… …] Our primary assumption in our fight against Israel states that the Zionist entity is aggressive from its inception, and built on lands wrested from their owners, at the expense of the rights of the Muslim people. Therefore our struggle will end only when this entity is obliterated. We recognize no treaty with it, no cease fire, and no peace agreements, whether separate or consolidated.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1985-02-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:15.844627+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "320dbfa8-faa0-4803-82a4-9f429a5b7ded", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "country_id": "AE", "title": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Unofficial English Translation. Statement by His Excellency Sheikh Shakhboot bin Nahyan Al Nahyan, Minister of State of the United Arab Emirates at The General Debate of the 79th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, New York, 30 September 2024. CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY\n\nMr. President,\n\n[… …]\n\nSince its inception, the UAE has adopted a transparent foreign policy, based on credibility and building balanced relations with all countries. This includes supporting regional and international efforts aimed at achieving stability and reducing escalations, encouraging dialogue and building bridges, as well as resolving crises instead of merely managing them.\n\nAs our world stands at a dangerous crossroads, we must redirect the compass of our international action to focus on a set of fundamental and non-negotiable principles. Most importantly, we must stand united in the face of contentious issues, support all peoples without applying double standards, ensure the protection of civilians, uphold the rule of law, as well as commit to human rights and respect the principles of good neighborliness.\n\n[… …] These violations have deepened human suffering, erased decades of progress, and caused widespread displacement, creating massive refugee crises. This has also increased the burdens on concerned and neighbouring countries, particularly with the ongoing bloody war on the Gaza Strip, the wars in Sudan and Ukraine, and the crises taking place in Yemen, Syria, Libya, Sahel, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Haiti and other countries.\n\nIt must be recalled here that even wars have rules. Parties must respect international law, including international humanitarian law. In Gaza, an immediate and lasting ceasefire must be reached, rapid, full and unimpeded access of humanitarian aid at large-scale must be allowed, and the hostages and detainees must be released.\n\n[… …]\n\nIn Sudan, the warring parties must stop the fighting immediately and permanently, and allow unhindered and sustainable access to humanitarian assistance across borders and conflict lines. We express our complete rejection for the warring parties continued targeting of civilians and obstruction of the delivery of humanitarian aid.\n\nMy country condemns, in the strongest terms, the blatant attack launched by the Sudanese Armed Forces on the residence of the Ambassador of the United Arab Emirates in Khartoum, on 29th September 2024, in flagrant violation of the fundamental principle of the inviolability of diplomatic premises, and of international conventions and norms, particularly the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.\n\nWe call on the warring parties to engage seriously in peace talks. In this regard, we emphasize the importance of building on the positive outcomes achieved in the meetings of the working group of the Aligned for Advancing Lifesaving and Peace in Sudan Group (ALPS).\n\n[… …] my country contributed to the release of nearly two thousand prisoners of war, through mediation efforts between the Russian Federation and Ukraine.\n\n[… …] we must reiterate here our full support for Moroccan sovereignty over the Moroccan Sahara region, as well as for the Autonomy Initiative, to maintain the territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Morocco.\n\n[… …]\n\nToday, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates, may God protect him, directed $100 million in urgent relief aid to the brotherly people of Lebanon, to support them in facing the current challenges.\n\nWhen the war intensified in Sudan [… …] the UAE has devoted its efforts to supporting the Sudanese people. We recently contributed $100 million to support UN efforts addressing the humanitarian repercussions of this war in Sudan and neighboring countries.\n\nIn addition, we established two field hospitals in Chad to provide medical services to all those in need, including Sudanese refugees. Similarly, we spare no effort in supporting the innocent people besieged in Gaza. To this end, we have sent urgent aid by land, air, and sea, and provided treatment to sick and injured Palestinians through the field hospital we established in Rafah and the floating hospital in Al-Arish.\n\n[… …]\n\nIf we want to bring an end to the seven-decades long vicious cycle of the Palestinian issue, then we must take concrete steps towards the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, based on the two-state solution.\n\nWe must also consider the establishment of a temporary international mission in the Gaza Strip - upon an official request from the Palestinian government – to address the humanitarian crisis, re-establish security and law, and reunite Gaza and the West Bank under a reformed Palestinian Authority.\n\nMy country believes that the State of Palestine, which just a couple weeks ago took its new seat in this hall like every other nation, has fulfilled the requirements for full membership in this organization.\n\nMr President,\n\nIn parallel with our efforts in these files, my country renews its demand to Iran to end its occupation of the three UAE islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa. These islands are an integral part of the UAE.\n\nWe will continue to urge Iran to respond to our repeated calls to resolve this issue either through direct negotiations, or resort to the International Court of Justice.\n\n[… …]\n\nThe outcomes of the 28th session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference hosted by the UAE demonstrated what we can achieve when we work together. The historic 'UAE Consensus' adopted by 198 countries, embodies a global consensus on developing measures to prevent global warming above 1.5 degrees Celsius, and operationalize the 'Loss and Damage' Fund.\n\n[… …] We will also continue our efforts to address the issues of water scarcity and provision of sustainable clean water for all, including through the 'UN Water Conference', which we intend to host in the United Arab Emirates in 2026 in partnership with Senegal. Our other initiatives in this field, most notably, is the 'Mohammed bin Zayed Water Initiative', which was launched this year.\n\nThank you, Mr. President.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:22.146434+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "08d5c445-47a3-4f91-a780-f6814117f415", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Ali al-Sistani — supplementary: 2003 Bremer-exchange + elected-constitutional-council doctrine", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ali_al-Sistani", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani (b. 1930, Iranian-born Iraqi Shia marja al-taqlid based in Najaf; one of the four Maraji al-Taqlid (Sources of Emulation) for global Shia Islam; the dominant Shia religious authority in post-2003 Iraq; gave the foundational 2003 fatwas mandating Iraqi elections and rejecting US-imposed constitutional drafting; gave the 13 June 2014 fatwa mandating Iraqi-Shia armed resistance to ISIS that produced the Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al-Shaabi)):\n\n(SUPPLEMENTARY ROW: separate from the existing Sistani 2014 fatwa row already staged. This row captures the 2003 Bremer-exchange doctrinal moments.)\n\n2003 (Sistani to CPA Administrator Paul Bremer III, declining direct meeting and communicating through aides; this exchange is one of the most documented examples of Sistani's refusal to participate in US-led constitutional drafting):\n'Mr. Bremer, you are an American and I am an Iranian. I suggest we leave it up to the Iraqis to devise their constitution.'\n[NOTE: Sistani's framing of himself as 'an Iranian' in this exchange is historically accurate (he was born in Mashhad, Iran 1930) and was meant to disclaim direct interference in Iraqi politics. The framing has been cited repeatedly as evidence of Sistani's distinct doctrinal positioning vs both US occupation and Iranian Velayat-e-Faqih.]\n\n29 November 2003 (Sistani's foundational 2003 fatwa on the Transitional Administrative Law / constitutional drafting process):\n'The council that will write the constitution should be elected, not hand-picked... The constitution will be illegal if it is written by a council, whether that is chosen by the Americans or by what is called the Governing Council or by anyone else.'\n[NOTE: This 29 November 2003 Sistani fatwa is the foundational doctrinal articulation of post-2003 Iraqi constitutional legitimacy. It forced the US-led CPA to abandon plans to have an appointed body draft the constitution and instead hold the January 2005 elections that produced the Transitional National Assembly, which then drafted the 2005 Iraqi Constitution.]\n\nOn Israeli goods (Sistani religious-ruling, on consumer behavior of Muslims):\n'It is not permissible for a Muslim to buy products of the countries that are in a state of war with Islam and Muslims, for example, Israel.'\n\nOn personal asceticism (Sistani famously lives in extreme austerity in Najaf):\n'People are not finding potable water and you're bringing me juice? No.'\n[NOTE: Sistani rarely gives public addresses or media interviews; most quotations come through secondary sources via his aides and representatives. The asceticism framing is widely-cited by Sistani biographers.]", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2003-11-29", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:30.200683+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a5ab0acf-6982-4994-8a96-61a7f490c99b", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "PM Benjamin Netanyahu address to the 73rd UN General Assembly, 27 Sep 2018 — the 'secret atomic warehouse' map speech", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/73/il_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nWhen I spoke here, three years ago, Israel stood alone among the nations. Of the nearly 200 countries that sit in this hall, only Israel openly opposed the nuclear deal with Iran. We oppose it because it threatens our future, even our very survival. We oppose it because the deal paved Iran's path to a nuclear arsenal. And by lifting the sanctions, it's fueled Iran's campaign of carnage and conquest throughout the Middle East. We oppose it because the deal was based on a fundamental lie — that Iran is not seeking to develop nuclear weapons.\n\nNow, Israel exposed that lie earlier this year. Last February, Israel conducted a daring raid on Iran's secret atomic archive. We obtained over 100,000 documents and videos that had been stashed in vaults in an innocent looking building in the heart of Tehran.\n\nGiven this inaction, I decided to reveal today something else. Today, I am disclosing for the first time that Iran has another secret facility in Tehran — a secret atomic warehouse for storing massive amounts of equipment and materiel from Iran's secret nuclear weapons program.\n\nIt's right here, in the Turquz-abad District of Tehran, just three miles away [from the previous Shor-abad archive site]. Now for those of you at home using Google Earth, this no-longer-secret atomic warehouse is on Maher Alley, Maher Street.\n\nWhy did Iran keep a secret atomic archive and a secret atomic warehouse? Because, after all, when South Africa and Libya gave up their nuclear programs, the first thing they did was to destroy both the archives and the material and equipment. The answer is simple. The reason Iran didn't destroy its atomic archive and its atomic warehouse is because it hasn't abandoned its goal to develop nuclear weapons.\n\nIsrael knows what you're doing, and Israel knows where you're doing it. Israel will never let a regime that calls for our destruction to develop nuclear weapons. Not now, not in ten years, not ever.\n\nAnd Israel will do whatever it must do to defend itself against Iran's aggression. We will continue to act against you in Syria. We will act against you in Lebanon. We will act against you in Iraq. We will act against you whenever and wherever we must act to defend our state and defend our people.\n\nThree years ago, a few weeks after the nuclear deal was completed, I asked this question from this very podium: Does anyone seriously believe that flooding Iran's radical theocracy with weapons and cash will curb its appetite for aggression? But many of the deal's supporters believed just that… Well, this didn't happen. Instead, Iran used the money to fuel its vast war machine.\n\nJust this past year, Iran has attacked Kurds in Iraq, slaughtered Sunnis in Syria, armed Hezbollah in Lebanon, financed Hamas in Gaza, fired missiles into Saudi Arabia, and threatened freedom of navigation in the Straits of Hormouz and the Strait of Bab al Mandeb.\n\nSome peace. Some moderation.\n\nThink about this: The same week Iran was caught red-handed trying to murder European citizens, European leaders were rolling out the red carpet for President Rouhani, promising to give Iran even more money. Have these European leaders learned nothing from history? Will they ever wake up?\n\nIn Lebanon, Iran is directing Hezbollah to build secret sites to convert inaccurate projectiles into precision guided missiles, missiles that can target deep inside Israel within an accuracy of ten meters. Hezbollah is deliberately using the innocent people of Beirut as human shields. They have placed three of these missile conversion sites alongside Beirut's international airport.\n\nHere's the first missile site. It's in the Ouzai neighborhood on the water's edge, a few blocks away from the runway. Here's the second site. It's underneath a soccer stadium. And here's the third site. It's adjacent to the airport itself, right next to it.\n\nIsrael is deeply grateful to President Trump for his bold decision to withdraw from the disastrous nuclear deal with Iran. Many, many of our Arab neighbors are also grateful.\n\nBut I have an important confession to make. The Iran deal has had one positive consequence, an unintended one, but a positive consequence. By empowering Iran, it brought Israel and many Arab states closer together than ever before, in an intimacy and friendship that I've not seen in my lifetime and would have been unimaginable a few years ago.\n\nIsrael deeply values these new friendships, and I hope the day will soon arrive when Israel will be able to expand peace, a formal peace, beyond Egypt and Jordan to other Arab neighbors, including the Palestinians.\n\n[… attacks on Abbas's Hitler-dissertation past, pay-to-slay policy, and PA death-sentences-for-land-sales elided…]\n\nIt's the same old antisemitism with a brand new face. Once, it was the Jewish people that were slandered and held to a different standard. Today, it's the Jewish state that is slandered and held to a different standard.\n\nWhat is unique about the Jewish people is not that we have a nation state. What is unique is that many still oppose us having a nation state.\n\nIn Israel, whether you are a Jew or an Arab, a Christian or a Muslim, a Druze or a Beduin, or anything else, your individual rights are exactly the same, and they will always remain the same.\n\nIn the Middle East, where women are often treated as property, minorities are persecuted, gays are hanged, Israel stands out as a shining example of freedom and progress.\n\nMost of all I am proud of the people of Israel, who draw extraordinary strength from the deep wellsprings of our heritage, who possess an unbreakable spirit and who are determined as ever to build a secure and magnificent future for the one and only Jewish state.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:36.57218+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4517b027-5131-4209-af11-0fd61bb0800a", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Netanyahu Bar-Ilan University address, 14 June 2009 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/13614/netanyahus-speech-bar-ilan-university", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "I have already stressed the first principle - recognition. Palestinians must clearly and unambiguously recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people. The second principle is: demilitarization. The territory under Palestinian control must be demilitarized with ironclad security provisions for Israel. Without these two conditions, there is a real danger that an armed Palestinian state would emerge that would become another terrorist base against the Jewish state. In order to achieve peace, we must ensure that Palestinians will not be able to import missiles into their territory, to field an army, to close their airspace to us, or to make pacts with the likes of Hizbullah and Iran. If we receive this guarantee regarding demilitirization and Israel's security needs, and if the Palestinians recognize Israel as the State of the Jewish people, then we will be ready in a future peace agreement to reach a solution where a demilitarized Palestinian state exists alongside the Jewish state. Regarding the remaining important issues: Israel needs defensible borders, and Jerusalem must remain the united capital of Israel with continued religious freedom for all faiths. The territorial question will be discussed as part of the final peace agreement.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2009-06-14", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T21:21:46.092497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "15879e72-fd0a-4bfb-a08a-53db2e799244", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, 14 May 1948 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-declaration-of-the-establishment-of-the-state-of-israel", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "ACCORDINGLY WE, MEMBERS OF THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF ERETZ-ISRAEL AND OF THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT, ARE HERE ASSEMBLED ON THE DAY OF THE TERMINATION OF THE BRITISH MANDATE OVER ERETZ-ISRAEL AND, BY VIRTUE OF OUR NATURAL AND HISTORIC RIGHT AND ON THE STRENGTH OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY, HEREBY DECLARE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A JEWISH STATE IN ERETZ-ISRAEL, TO BE KNOWN AS THE STATE OF ISRAEL.\n\nWE DECLARE that, with effect from the moment of the termination of the Mandate being tonight, the eve of Sabbath, the 6th Iyar, 5708 (15th May, 1948), until the establishment of the elected, regular authorities of the State in accordance with the Constitution which shall be adopted by the Elected Constituent Assembly not later than the 1st October 1948, the People's Council shall act as a Provisional Council of State, and its executive organ, the People's Administration, shall be the Provisional Government of the Jewish State, to be called \"Israel\".\n\nTHE STATE OF ISRAEL will be open for Jewish immigration and for the Ingathering of the Exiles; it will foster the development of the country for the benefit of all its inhabitants; it will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel; it will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex; it will guarantee freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture; it will safeguard the Holy Places of all religions; and it will be faithful to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations.\n\nTHE STATE OF ISRAEL is prepared to cooperate with the agencies and representatives of the United Nations in implementing the resolution of the General Assembly of the 29th November, 1947, and will take steps to bring about the economic union of the whole of Eretz-Israel.\n\nWE APPEAL to the United Nations to assist the Jewish people in the building-up of its State and to receive the State of Israel into the comity of nations.\n\nWE APPEAL — in the very midst of the onslaught launched against us now for months — to the Arab inhabitants of the State of Israel to preserve peace and participate in the upbuilding of the State on the basis of full and equal citizenship and due representation in all its provisional and permanent institutions.\n\nWE EXTEND our hand to all neighbouring states and their peoples in an offer of peace and good neighbourliness, and appeal to them to establish bonds of cooperation and mutual help with the sovereign Jewish people settled in its own land. The State of Israel is prepared to do its share in a common effort for the advancement of the entire Middle East.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1948-05-14", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c0ff6892-7631-479e-bd65-d61976a0d76e", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Likud Party original platform, 1977 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/original-party-platform-of-the-likud-party", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "The Right of the Jewish People to the Land of Israel (Eretz Israel)\n\na. The right of the Jewish people to the land of Israel is eternal and indisputable and is linked with the right to security and peace; therefore, Judea and Samaria will not be handed to any foreign administration; between the Sea and the Jordan there will only be Israeli sovereignty.\n\nb. A plan which relinquishes parts of western Eretz Israel, undermines our right to the country, unavoidably leads to the establishment of a \"Palestinian State,\" jeopardizes the security of the Jewish population, endangers the existence of the State of Israel. and frustrates any prospect of peace.\n\nGenuine Peace-Our Central Objective\n\na. The Likud government will place its aspirations for peace at the top of its priorities and will spare no effort to promote peace. The Likud will act as a genuine partner at peace treaty negotiations with our neighbors, as is customary among the nations. The Likud government will attend the Geneva Conference.\n\nb. The Likud governments peace initiative will he positive. Directly or through a friendly state. Israel will invite her neighbors to hold direct negotiations, in order to sign without pre-conditions on either side and without any solution formula invented by outsiders. At the negotiations each party will he free to make any proposals it deems fit.\n\nSettlement\n\nSettlement. both urban and rural. in all parts of the Land of Israel is the focal point of the Zionist effort to redeem the country, to maintain vital security areas and serves as a reservoir of strength and inspiration for the renewal of the pioneering spirit. The Likud government will call on the younger generation in Israel and the dispersions to settle and help every group and individual in the task of inhabiting and cultivating the wasteland, while taking care not to dispossess anyone.\n\nArab Terror Organizations\n\nThe PLO is no national liberation organization but an organization of assassins, which the Arab countries use as a political and military tool, while also serving the interests of Soviet imperialism, to stir up the area. Its aim is to liquidate the State of Israel, set up an Arab country instead and make the Land of Israel part of the Arab world. The Likud government will strive to eliminate these murderous organizations in order to prevent them from carrying out their bloody deeds.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1977-05-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7cb0be1d-f22a-4d1a-b60b-aec5d441f438", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Likud Party electoral platform, 1999 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://goodtimesweb.org/diplomacy/2014/israel-knesset-likud-platform-1999.html", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "The Jordan river will be the permanent eastern border of the State of Israel. The Kingdom of Jordan is a desirable partner in the permanent status arrangement between Israel and the Palestinians in matters that will be agreed upon.\n\nThe Jordan Valley and the territories that dominate it shall be under Israeli sovereignty.\n\nSecurity Areas: The government will insist that security areas essential to Israel's defense, including the western security area and the Jewish settlements, shall remain under Israeli rule.\n\nJerusalem is the eternal, united capital of the State of Israel and only of Israel. The government will flatly reject Palestinian proposals to divide Jerusalem. No diplomatic activity will be permitted at Orient House. The presence of the Israeli police in eastern Jerusalem will be increased. The Likud government will act with vigor to continue Jewish habitation and strengthen Israeli sovereignty in the eastern parts of the city, while emphasizing improvements in the welfare and security of the Arab residents.\n\nThe Government of Israel flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state west of the Jordan river.\n\nThe Jewish communities in Judea, Samaria and Gaza are the realization of Zionist values. Settlement of the land is a clear expression of the unassailable right of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel and constitutes an important asset in the defense of the vital interests of the State of Israel.\n\nThe Golan: Based on the Likud-led government's proposal, the 10th Knesset passed the law to extend Israeli law, jurisdiction and administration over the Golan Heights.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1999-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "17cb9f25-f963-464f-8ecd-ff92259f6ec4", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "99bdb3b7-bf14-440a-9248-f4260fd79daa", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Avigdor Lieberman UN General Assembly address (65th session), 28 Sep 2010", "source_url": "https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/avigdorliebermanunitednationsspeech.htm", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "We are ready for a fair solution and we are ready to cooperate with the international community. However, we are not ready to compromise our national security or the vital interests of the State of Israel.\n\nAt the outset, I want to emphasize that contrary to what is often shown in the international media, the political arena in Israel is not divided between those who seek peace and those who seek war. Everyone wants peace and the controversy in Israel centers on the specific question of how to achieve this peace...\n\nIn fact, contrary to the prevalent view that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the heart of the instability in the Middle East or is the main reason for the region's numerous conflicts, the reality is entirely different. More than 90% of the wars and war victims of the Middle East since the Second World War did not result from the Israeli Palestinian conflict and are in no way connected to Israel, stemming rather, from conflicts involving Muslims or conflicts between Arab States.\n\nThe second flawed explanation... is that the root of the problem is [the] so-called \"occupation,\" the settlements in Judea and Samaria, and the settlers themselves... Firstly, all of Judea, Samaria and Gaza were under Arab control for 19 years, between '48 and '67. During these 19 years, no one tried to create a Palestinian state.\n\n...In trying to resolve the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, we are dealing with two types of problems: emotional problems and practical problems. This is why the solution must also be a two-staged one. The emotional problems are first and foremost the utter lack of confidence between the sides and issues such as Jerusalem, recognition of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish People, and refugees. Under these conditions, we should focus on coming up with a long-term intermediate agreement, something that could take a few decades.\n\n...As is true everywhere, where there are two nations, two religions, two languages with competing claims to the same land, there is a friction and conflict. Countless examples of ethnic conflict around the world confirm this... Where effective separation has been achieved, conflict has either been avoided, or has been dramatically reduced or resolved.\n\nThus, the guiding principle for a final status agreement must not be land-for-peace but rather exchange of populated territory. Let me be very clear: I'm not speaking about moving populations, but rather about moving borders to better reflect demographic realities.\n\n...precisely this notion -- that a mismatch between borders and nationalities is a recipe for conflict -- has long been accepted as a virtual truism in the academic community. Leading scholars and highly respected research institutions have even coined the term \"Right-Sizing the State\"...\n\n...Two thousand years of forced exile, and interim conquest by Byzantines, Arabs, Mamelukes, Ottomans and others, cannot, and never will, impair the unbreakable bonds of the Jewish People to its homeland. Israel is not only where we are. It is who we are.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2010-09-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "b0019e4e-42e8-47d0-8fc9-f7d276a94872", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000605", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Ariel Sharon address to the nation on implementing the Gaza Disengagement, 15 Aug 2005 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://www.jta.org/archive/the-disengagement-summer-prime-minister-ariel-sharon-speech-beginning-the-most-difficult-and-painf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "Citizens of Israel, The day has arrived. We are beginning the most difficult and painful step of all — evacuating our communities from the Gaza Strip and Northern Samaria.\n\nThis step is very difficult for me personally. It was with a heavy heart that the Government of Israel made the decision regarding Disengagement, and the Knesset did not lightly approve it.\n\nIt is no secret that I, like many others, believed and hoped that we could forever hold on to Netzarim and Kfar Darom. However, the changing reality in this country, in this region, and in the world, required another reassessment and changing of positions.\n\nGaza cannot be held onto forever. Over one million Palestinians live there, and they double their numbers with every generation. They live in incredibly cramped refugee camps, in poverty and squalor, in hotbeds of ever-increasing hatred, with no hope whatsoever on the horizon.\n\nIt is out of strength and not weakness that we are taking this step. We tried to reach agreements with the Palestinians which would move the two peoples towards the path of peace. These were crushed against a wall of hatred and fanaticism.\n\nThe unilateral Disengagement Plan, which I announced approximately two years ago, is the Israeli answer to this reality. This Plan is good for Israel in any future scenario. We are reducing the day-to-day friction and its victims on both sides. The IDF will redeploy on defensive lines behind the Security Fence. Those who continue to fight us will meet the full force of the IDF and the security forces.\n\nNow the Palestinians bear the burden of proof. They must fight terror organizations, dismantle its infrastructure and show sincere intentions of peace in order to sit with us at the negotiating table.\n\nThe world awaits the Palestinian response — a hand offered in peace or continued terrorist fire. To a hand offered in peace, we will respond with an olive branch. But if they chose fire, we will respond with fire, more severe than ever.\n\nThe Disengagement will allow us to look inward. Our national agenda will change. In our economic policy we will be free to turn to closing the social gaps and engaging in a genuine struggle against poverty. We will advance education and increase the personal security of every citizen in the country.\n\nThe disagreement over the Disengagement Plan has caused severe wounds, bitter hatred between brothers and severe statements and actions. I understand the feelings, the pain and the cries of those who object. However, we are one nation even when fighting and arguing.\n\nResidents of the Gaza Strip, today marks the end of a glorious chapter in the story of Israel, and a central chapter in the story of your lives as pioneers... Whatever disagreements we have, we will not abandon you, and following the evacuation, we will do everything in our power to rebuild your lives and communities.\n\nThe responsibility for the future of Israel rests on my shoulders. I initiated the Plan because I concluded that this action is vital for Israel. Believe me, the extent of pain that I feel at this act is equal only to the measure of resolved recognition that it was something that had to be done.\n\nWe are embarking on a new path which has many risks, but also a ray of hope for all of us.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2005-08-15", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "61e54758-d140-400a-b0dd-8d104f1bfdb9", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000211", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Yair Lapid address to the UN General Assembly (77th session), 22 Sep 2022", "source_url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/full-text-of-lapids-2022-speech-to-the-un-general-assembly/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Israel's economic and military strength allows us to protect ourselves but it also allows us something else: To strive for peace with the entire Arab world. And with our closest neighbors – the Palestinians.\n\nAn agreement with the Palestinians, based on two states for two peoples, is the right thing for Israel's security, for Israel's economy and for the future of our children.\n\nPeace is not a compromise. It is the most courageous decision we can make. Peace is not weakness. It embodies within it the entire might of human spirit. War is surrender to all that is bad within us. Peace is the victory of all that is good.\n\nDespite all the obstacles, still today a large majority of Israelis support the vision of this two state solution. I am one of them.\n\nWe have only one condition: That a future Palestinian state will be a peaceful one. That it will not become another terror base from which to threaten the well-being, and the very existence of Israel. That we will have the ability to protect the security of all the citizens of Israel, at all times.\n\nIf someone believes that demand is too much, then look at the neighborhood in which we live: Look at Lebanon, a collapsing state controlled by Hezbollah. At Syria, where a murderous regime massacred half a million of its own people. Look at Afghanistan. At Libya. At Iran.\n\nYou can ask us to live according to the values in the UN Charter, but you cannot ask us to die for them.\n\nMy father was a child in the Ghetto, my grandfather was murdered in a concentration camp. We want to live in peace but only if it gives us security, not if it threatens us even more.\n\nLook at Gaza. Israel did everything the world asked of us, including from this very stage. We left. 17 years ago we dismantled the settlements, took apart our military bases. There is not a single Israeli soldier in Gaza. We even left them 3,000 green houses so they could start to build an economy for themselves.\n\nWhat did they do in response? In less than a year, Hamas, a murderous terror organization, came to power. They destroyed the greenhouses and replaced them with terrorist training camps and rocket launch sites.\n\nSince we left Gaza, over 20,000 rockets and missiles have been fired at Israel. All of them at civilians. All of them at our children.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c2ac7544-51bb-4658-b190-68a7f628bbeb", "source_type": "op-ed", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Mahmoud Abbas, 'The Long Overdue Palestinian State' (NYT op-ed), 16 May 2011", "source_url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/13435/president-mahmoud-abbass-op-ed-new-york-times-long-overdue-palestinian-state", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Palestine's admission to the United Nations would pave the way for the internationalization of the conflict as a legal matter, not only a political one. It would also pave the way for us to pursue claims against Israel at the United Nations, human rights treaty bodies and the International Court of Justice.\n\nOur quest for recognition as a state should not be seen as a stunt; too many of our men and women have been lost for us to engage in such political theater. We go to the United Nations now to secure the right to live free in the remaining 22 percent of our historic homeland because we have been negotiating with the State of Israel for 20 years without coming any closer to realizing a state of our own. We cannot wait indefinitely while Israel continues to send more settlers to the occupied West Bank and denies Palestinians access to most of our land and holy places, particularly in Jerusalem. Neither political pressure nor promises of rewards by the United States have stopped Israel's settlement program.\n\nNegotiations remain our first option, but due to their failure we are now compelled to turn to the international community to assist us in preserving the opportunity for a peaceful and just end to the conflict. Palestinian national unity is a key step in this regard. Contrary to what Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel asserts, and can be expected to repeat this week during his visit to Washington, the choice is not between Palestinian unity or peace with Israel; it is between a two-state solution or settlement-colonies.\n\nDespite Israel's attempt to deny us our long-awaited membership in the community of nations, we have met all prerequisites to statehood listed in the Montevideo Convention, the 1933 treaty that sets out the rights and duties of states. The permanent population of our land is the Palestinian people, whose right to self-determination has been repeatedly recognized by the United Nations, and by the International Court of Justice in 2004. Our territory is recognized as the lands framed by the 1967 border, though it is occupied by Israel.\n\nWe have the capacity to enter into relations with other states and have embassies and missions in more than 100 countries. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the European Union have indicated that our institutions are developed to the level where we are now prepared for statehood. Only the occupation of our land hinders us from reaching our full national potential; it does not impede United Nations recognition.\n\nThe State of Palestine intends to be a peace-loving nation, committed to human rights, democracy, the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter. Once admitted to the United Nations, our state stands ready to negotiate all core issues of the conflict with Israel. A key focus of negotiations will be reaching a just solution for Palestinian refugees based on Resolution 194, which the General Assembly passed in 1948.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-05-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7b136cf0-7d3f-4556-8765-122f415919d5", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000041", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Balad doctrine — MK Jamal Zahalka interview, 'A State of all its Citizens', Feb 2007", "source_url": "https://podur.org/2007/02/28/a-state-of-all-its-citizens-an-interview-with-jamal-zahalka/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Balad is [a] national democratic party defined by two political positions. One is the demand that Israel be a state of all its citizens, as opposed to Israel's self-definition as a Jewish state, and two is cultural autonomy for Palestinians inside Israel.\n\nIsrael should be a state of all its citizens, not a state that belongs to one part of its population. Israel defines itself as a Jewish state. So, it's not our state. It's not just a question of definition or nature. It's a question of substance, structure, aims, goals, policies, laws...\n\nWe can summarize our problem in one sentence: Palestinians were the victims of the obsession to establish a Jewish state over those who were a majority in their own country. This could not be implemented without transfer or apartheid. Israel managed to do both... Because they did not succeed in producing the Jewish majority by immigration, transfer was the necessary result of the effort to build a Jewish and democratic state.\n\nNow when our party came, we were made famous for being the political party who says: there's a solution to this contradiction. The state should be the state of all its citizens, in equality. That's modern democracy, based on the equal human being, not the hierarchical human being... It explores the real nature of the Israeli state. Not just equality between Jews and Arabs, but the very nature of the state. Israel is not a secular state – it has not even reached the point of separation of religion and state. You can't separate religion and state so long as the state is defined as a Jewish state.\n\nIn our model, we don't ignore cultural autonomy and cultural rights. We think that in Israel, Palestinian citizens should have the autonomy to express their culture. This follows international law, the Convention of the Rights of Minorities... Of course we also recognize the right of Jewish people for self-determination and culture... but in the frame of the state. Not that the state expresses that... We think the state should be empty – and there are Jews, and there are Arabs, and there can be others. Like, in principle, India... a secular state...\n\n[On the 2003 attempt to ban Balad from elections:] The main accusation? We want the transformation of Israel from a Jewish state to a state of all citizens – that's the democratic challenge. And even the attorney general's representative said to the court: \"This is a very dangerous party. They are asking for 100% equality\", and that means canceling the privileges of Jews in the state of Jews. It means canceling the privileges of the Jewish agencies in land, housing, planning, the law of return, things that are fundamental in Israel.\n\n[On the Israeli consensus he opposes:] no to withdrawal to 1967 borders, no to the right of return for Palestinian refugees, no to dismantling the settlements, no to a real independent Palestinian state. If a Palestinian state is built, it should be controlled by Israel under very hard restrictions. In any agreement, Palestinians should recognize Israel as a Jewish state. That's the Israeli consensus of all mainstream parties.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2007-02-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1edf679e-563f-48a4-b2c2-13f49c45fcd1", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "4ab2ad4a-e660-42cd-a860-d65f9dcf2e8f", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Ayman Odeh interview, Fathom: 'change is impossible without us', 2017", "source_url": "https://fathomjournal.org/the-zionist-left-needs-to-understand-that-change-is-impossible-without-us-an-interview-with-mk-ayman-odeh/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "[Q: What is your vision for the future of the Arab-Palestinian minority in Israel?]\n\nAyman Odeh: That there should be peace based on two states along the 1967 borders with very good relations between them, and that following the establishment of a Palestinian state there should be peace between Israel and all the Arab states.\n\nWithin Israel, my vision is of a civic, democratic, state driven by equality and social justice, and in which the reality that there is more than one people and culture in this land will be seen as an advantage rather than a hindrance.\n\n[Q: barriers you face…]\n\nFirstly, it is difficult to be an Arab Palestinian in Israel. By that I mean that you were a majority before 1948, and were subsequently turned into a minority against your will. In 1967 the State of Israel conquered the other part of your people. So in addition to being indigenous and constituting a national minority suffering from systematic and systemic discrimination, you are also part of a people which is under occupation.\n\n[On the Joint List's goals:] every single Joint List MK believes in universalist principles, supports a Palestinian state alongside Israel, and is in favour of full equality and social justice. While these positions are seen as moderate in the international community, they are deemed extreme in Israel; just imagine how an individual in France or Britain who believes his country should be a 'state of all its citizens' is considered mainstream while here they're seen as part of an extreme minority. Israeli society is moving rightwards. In every country in the world, the Israeli Left would be considered right-wing – it is security minded and it supports the concept of a nation state despite the fact there are indigenous people here too.\n\n[On national rights:] National rights mean that we constitute a national group and thus deserve collective rights with regards to such things as language and education, as well as recognition of historical injustices committed by the state. These aren't intended to be against the state, for I believe that granting these rights and recognising past wrong doings would ultimately serve to strengthen everyone's shared citizenship and their sense of belonging to the state.\n\n[On Rivlin's 'tribes' framing:] we are not a tribe but a national minority within the Land of Israel. We deserve national and civil rights rather than tribal rights. Alongside the recognition that the Jews are a people, we should also be recognised as a people – neither of us are tribes.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-08-09", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T10:19:16.772302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3445b11a-f60f-497a-a4ba-e5bb297f58d8", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "country_id": "JO", "title": "King Abdullah II address to the 77th UN General Assembly, 20 Sep 2022", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/jo_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful\n\nMr President, Mr Secretary General, Your Excellencies:\n\nWe meet today, in this General Assembly, as the alarm bells ring all around us. Numerous crises batter our world; crises that are increasingly interlocked—regional conflicts with international impact, devastating climate change, pandemic disruptions, extremist violence, spiralling inflation, looming recession, and—for all too many around the world—the growing reality of hunger. Developing countries have been hit hardest of all.\n\nIs this the future we will leave to the generations yet to come?\n\nWe must deliver a different world—a world of expanded horizons, a more equitable world, sustainable economic growth, exciting new opportunities, more and better jobs, and the inclusive peace for prosperity, in which all people can thrive.\n\nTo reach these goals, our countries must unite behind effective, collaborative action. The question now is will we have the vision and determination to get the job done?\n\nConsider the climate crisis. No country can heal our injured earth alone. We need global partnerships that can create real change. And Jordan is part of these efforts. We have been building strong partnerships to manage and sustain vital water resources. And we see more opportunities to work with partners to preserve precious world heritage sites and natural wonders—the unique Dead Sea, the sacred Jordan River, and the resilient coral reefs of the Gulf of Aqaba—which are all threatened by climate change.\n\n[...regional economy + refugees sections elided...]\n\nMy friends,\n\nSustainable, inclusive economic growth has too often been a victim of global crises, but it can also be a defence that strengthens us to endure the storms. In my region, we are looking to build integrated partnerships that tap the capabilities and resources of each of our countries for the benefit of all.\n\nWe see 'regional resilience packs' coming together to stimulate fresh opportunities and growth. Jordan has established multilateral partnerships with Egypt, Iraq, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and others in the region to capitalise on these opportunities. Our country is a bridge for regional partnerships and cooperation, international crisis response, and humanitarian action.\n\nJordan has always been a source of regional stability, as well as a refuge for those in need. In this context, let me say a word about refugees and the communities which host them. In 2012, I came before the 67th General Assembly, and spoke for the first time about the Syrian refugee flow and its pressure on Jordan's scarce resources. At that point, 200,000 Syrians had sought refuge in our small country. Today, 10 years later, we host more than 1.3 million.\n\nMeeting the needs of these and other refugees is an international responsibility, and host countries look to the international community to honour its commitments.\n\nMy friends,\n\nFor decades, the Middle East has been synonymous with conflict and crisis. But we are hopeful that a new-found spirit of collaboration can make our region an exemplar of resilience and integration.\n\nThough politics may sometimes fail our world, one absolute remains—always put people first. To keep hope alive for all peoples means rising above politics to ensure every individual's prosperity. Such efforts will be fruitless if they are exclusionary. Inclusion of the Palestinian people in regional economic projects should be an integral part of our efforts.\n\nIn the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, peace continues to be elusive. Neither war nor diplomacy has held the answer to this historic tragedy.\n\nIt is the people themselves, not politics and politicians, who will have to come together and push their leaders to resolve this.\n\nWhat would our world look like now if the conflict had been settled long ago? If walls had never gone up, and people had been allowed to build bridges of cooperation instead? What if extremists had never been able to exploit the injustices of occupation? How many generations of youth could have grown up in the optimism of peace and progress?\n\nAs we continue our efforts to achieve peace, we must not abandon refugees. This year, the General Assembly will vote on renewing UNRWA's mandate. The international community should send a strong message of support for the rights of Palestinian refugees, ensuring that Palestinian refugee children have schools to go to, and access to appropriate medical care.\n\nMy dear friends,\n\nA founding UN principle is the right to self-determination for all peoples. The Palestinian people, with their resilient national identity, cannot be denied this right. And the road forward is the two-state solution, in accordance with UN resolutions—a sovereign, viable, and independent Palestinian state, on the 4th of June 1967 lines, with East Jerusalem as its capital, living side-by-side with Israel in peace, security, and prosperity.\n\nToday, the future of Jerusalem is an urgent concern. The city is holy to billions of Muslims, Christians, and Jews around the world. Undermining Jerusalem's legal and historical status quo triggers global tensions and deepens religious divides. The Holy City must not be a place for hatred and division.\n\nAs Custodians of Jerusalem's Muslim and Christian Holy Sites, we are committed to protecting their historical and legal status quo and to their safety and future. And as a Muslim leader, let me say clearly that we are committed to defending the rights, the precious heritage, and the historic identity of the Christian people of our region. Nowhere is this more important than in Jerusalem.\n\nToday, Christianity in the Holy City is under fire. The rights of churches in Jerusalem are threatened. This cannot continue. Christianity is vital to the past and present of our region and the Holy Land. It must remain an integral part of our future.\n\nDistinguished Delegates,\n\nWe can weather the most serious crises if we join together.\n\nDo let us, here in this General Assembly, honour our shared interest in a brighter future, a future of dignity and hope, that brings new opportunities for all our peoples.\n\nAnd let us not ignore the alarm bells ringing around us.\n\nWe must act.\n\nThank you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T11:17:06.810933+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "64d464a6-b132-4724-9b51-3b81937d2c9d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "country_id": "JO", "title": "King Abdullah II address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2024", "source_url": "https://rhc.jo/en/media/media-post/remarks-his-majesty-king-abdullah-ii-79th-session-united-nations-general-assembly", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful\n\nMr President, Mr Secretary General, Your Excellencies:\n\nOver the past quarter-century, I have stood at this podium amidst regional conflicts, global upheavals, and humanitarian crises that have profoundly tested our global community.\n\nIt often feels that there was not a moment when our world was not in turmoil. And yet, I cannot recall a time of greater peril than this.\n\nOur United Nations is facing a crisis that strikes at its very legitimacy and threatens a collapse of global trust and moral authority.\n\nThe UN is under attack—literally and figuratively.\n\nFor nearly a year, the sky-blue flag flying over UN shelters and schools in Gaza has been powerless to protect innocent civilians from Israeli military bombardment.\n\nUN aid trucks sit motionless just miles away from starving Palestinians. Humanitarian workers who proudly wear the emblem of this institution are disparaged and targeted. And the rulings of the UN's International Court of Justice are defied, its opinions disregarded.\n\nSo it's no surprise that both inside and outside this Hall, trust in UN's cornerstone principles and ideals is crumbling.\n\nThe harsh reality many see is that some nations are above international law, that global justice does bend to the will of power, and that human rights are selective; a privilege to be granted or denied at will.\n\nWe cannot stand for that, and we must recognise that undermining our international institutions and global frameworks is one of the gravest threats to our global security today.\n\nAsk yourselves, if we are not nations united in the conviction that all people are equal in rights, dignity, and worth, and that all countries are equal in the eyes of the law, what kind of world does that leave us with?\n\nYour Excellencies,\n\nThe attacks of October 7 on Israeli civilians last year were condemned by countries all over the world, including Jordan, but the unprecedented scale of terror unleashed on Gaza since that day is beyond any justification.\n\nThe Israeli government's assault has resulted in one of the fastest death rates in recent conflicts, one of the fastest rates of starvation caused by war, the largest cohort of child amputees, and unprecedented levels of destruction.\n\nThis Israeli government has killed more children, more journalists, more aid workers, and more medical personnel than any other war in recent memory.\n\nAnd let us not forget the attacks on the West Bank. There, since October 7, the Israeli government has killed more than 700 Palestinians, among them, 160 children. Palestinians held in Israeli detention centres exceed 10,700, including 400 women and 730 children—730 children. Over 4,000 Palestinians have been forced from their homes and lands. Armed settler violence has surged. And entire villages have been displaced.\n\nAnd in Jerusalem, flagrant violations of the historical and legal status quo at Muslim and Christian Holy Sites continue unabated, under the protection and encouragement of members of the Israeli government.\n\nTo be clear, this is in the West Bank, not Gaza.\n\nAlmost 42,000 Palestinians have been killed since October 7.\n\nSo is it any wonder that many are questioning, how can this war not be perceived as deliberately targeting the Palestinians?\n\nThe level of civilian suffering cannot be written off as unavoidable collateral.\n\nI grew up a soldier, in a region that is all too familiar with conflict. But there is nothing familiar about this war and the violence unleashed since October 7.\n\nIn the absence of global accountability, repeated horrors are normalised, threatening to create a future where anything is permitted anywhere in the world. Is that what we want?\n\nNow is the time to ensure the protection of the Palestinian people. It is the moral duty of this international community to establish a protection mechanism for them across the occupied territories. This will guarantee the safety of Palestinians and Israelis from extremists who are taking our region to the brink of an all-out war.\n\nThat includes those who continue to propagate the idea of Jordan as an alternative homeland. So let me be very, very clear—that will never happen. We will never accept the forced displacement of Palestinians, which is a war crime.\n\nNo country in the region benefits from escalation. We have seen that clearly in the dangerous developments in Lebanon over the past few days. This has to stop.\n\nFor years, the Arab world has extended a hand to Israel through the Arab Peace Initiative, offering full recognition and normalisation in exchange for peace. But consecutive Israeli governments, emboldened by years of impunity, have rejected peace and chosen confrontation instead.\n\nImpunity gathers force. Left unchecked, it gains momentum.\n\nPalestinians have borne more than 57 years of occupation and oppression. During this time, the Israeli government has been allowed to cross one red line after another.\n\nBut now, Israel's decades-long impunity is becoming its own worst enemy.\n\nAnd the consequences are everywhere.\n\nThe Israeli government has been accused of genocide at the ICJ. Expressions of outrage at its conduct are echoing around the world. Cities everywhere have seen mass protests, and calls for sanctions are growing louder.\n\nInternational frustration with Israel has long been mounting, but it has never been more exposed.\n\nFor decades, Israel has projected itself as a thriving Western-styled democracy in the Middle East.\n\nBut the brutality of the war on Gaza has forced the world to look closer.\n\nNow, many see Israel through the eyes of its victims. And the contradiction, the paradox, is too jarring.\n\nThe modern, advanced Israel admired from afar, and the Israel that Palestinians have experienced firsthand simply cannot co-exist. Israel will eventually be entirely one or the other.\n\nThat is the choice its leaders and its people will have to make. To live by the democratic values of freedom, justice, and equality for all, or to risk further isolation and rejection.\n\nOver and over, we have watched Israel try to achieve security through military means. Each escalation is followed by a pause, until the next, deadlier one.\n\nAnd for years, the global community has taken the path of least resistance—accepting the status quo of the ongoing military occupation of Palestinians, all the while paying lip service to the two-state solution.\n\nBut it has never been more evident that the current status quo is untenable. And, as the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion underscored two months ago, it is unequivocally illegal.\n\nThe Court's opinion bears a moral imperative to us all. The obligation it carries is one that our nations cannot afford to ignore—for the sake of our world, as well as the future for Palestinians and Israelis alike.\n\nBecause both peoples deserve to live their lives in dignity, free of violence and fear.\n\nAnd the only way to achieve that is a just peace, one grounded in international law, justice, equal rights, and mutual recognition.\n\nThat is something we, as nations and people everywhere, can and must unite around.\n\nYour Excellencies,\n\nThe world is watching, and history will judge us by the courage we show.\n\nAnd it's not just the future that will hold us accountable, so will the people of the here and now.\n\nThey will judge whether we, as the United Nations, will surrender to inaction, or will fight to uphold the principles that anchor this institution and our world.\n\nRight now, they are asking whether we will stand by as parents watch their children waste away, as doctors watch their patients die for lack of basic medical supplies, and as more innocent lives are lost, because the world failed to act.\n\nThis war must end. Hostages and detainees must return home. But every day we wait is one day too long for far too many.\n\nSo I call on all countries to join Jordan in enforcing an international Gaza Humanitarian Gateway—a massive relief effort to deliver food, clean water, medicine, and other vital supplies to those in desperate need. Because humanitarian aid should never be a tool of war.\n\nWhatever our politics, one truth is undeniable—no people should have to endure such unprecedented suffering, abandoned and alone. We cannot surrender the future to those who thrive on division and conflict.\n\nI urge all nations of conscience to unite with Jordan in the critical weeks ahead on this mission.\n\nAlmost a year into this war, our world has failed politically, but our humanity must not fail the people of Gaza any longer.\n\nEchoing the words of my father from 64 years ago, at the 15th session of the General Assembly, I pray that this community of nations may have the courage to decide wisely and fearlessly, and will act with the urgent resolve that this crisis and our conscience demand.\n\nMy father was a man who fought for peace to the very end. And, like him, I refuse to leave my children, or your children, a future we have given up on.\n\nThank you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T11:17:06.810933+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "84fa293a-2950-4bd5-adea-979f21c18802", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "June 2025 Israel–Iran war (the “12-Day War”; Operation Rising Lion)", "source_url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/06/12/middleeast/israel-iran-strikes-intl-hnk", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 13 June 2025, Israel launched a large-scale air campaign (\"Operation Rising Lion\") against Iran, striking nuclear facilities including Natanz, ballistic-missile infrastructure, and senior military commanders; Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the operation was aimed at rolling back Iran's nuclear-weapons program, which he called a threat to Israel's survival. Iran retaliated with successive waves of ballistic missiles and drones against Israeli territory. On 21-22 June the United States struck three Iranian nuclear sites — Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan — using B-2 bombers with bunker-buster bombs and submarine-launched cruise missiles (\"Operation Midnight Hammer\"), after which Iran fired missiles at the US Al Udeid air base in Qatar on 23 June. A ceasefire announced by US President Donald Trump took effect on 24 June, ending roughly 12 days of direct war.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-06-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:18.717939+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "aa91e56d-30cc-46ee-8769-552172089380", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Abdel Fattah al-Burhan — Address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 26 September 2024 (official English interpretation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/09/1155016", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "A war is being waged by a group of rebels receiving political and logistical support at the local and regional level.\n\nYou've all witnessed the crimes, violations and atrocities committed by these rebels targeting the Sudanese people and the Sudanese State.\n\n[…] the Sudanese Armed Forces is one of the State's oldest institutions, which is non-politicized and is very much in favour of the democratic transition [… and his country] will never accept the return to the previous regime.\n\nWe will continue pursuing peace, working with all groups who laid down their weapons as well as with groups who still carry weapons but who are willing to respect the Juba Peace Agreement signed in 2020.\n\nThis Organization must shoulder its responsibility, specifically so as to protect developing countries in the face of the efforts by some other States who would like to control our people's riches through the use of force.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:26.857967+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ca65792e-df87-490f-aba1-d014a115b15d", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas Covenant, 18 August 1988 — The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In The Name Of The Most Merciful Allah\n\n\"Israel will exist and will continue to exist until Islam will obliterate it, just as it obliterated others before it\" (The Martyr, Imam Hassan al-Banna, of blessed memory).\n\n[… …]\n\nThis Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS), clarifies its picture, reveals its identity, outlines its stand, explains its aims, speaks about its hopes, and calls for its support, adoption and joining its ranks. Our struggle against the Jews is very great and very serious. It needs all sincere efforts. It is a step that inevitably should be followed by other steps. The Movement is but one squadron that should be supported by more and more squadrons from this vast Arab and Islamic world, until the enemy is vanquished and Allah's victory is realised.\n\nArticle Six: The Islamic Resistance Movement is a distinguished Palestinian movement, whose allegiance is to Allah, and whose way of life is Islam. It strives to raise the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine, for under the wing of Islam followers of all religions can coexist in security and safety where their lives, possessions and rights are concerned. In the absence of Islam, strife will be rife, oppression spreads, evil prevails and schisms and wars will break out.\n\nArticle Seven: [… …] The Islamic Resistance Movement is one of the links in the chain of the struggle against the Zionist invaders. It goes back to 1939, to the emergence of the martyr Izz al-Din al Kissam and his brethren the fighters, members of Moslem Brotherhood. [… …] The Prophet, Allah bless him and grant him salvation, has said: \"The Day of Judgement will not come about until Moslems fight the Jews (killing the Jews), when the Jew will hide behind stones and trees. The stones and trees will say O Moslems, O Abdulla, there is a Jew behind me, come and kill him. Only the Gharkad tree, (evidently a certain kind of tree) would not do that because it is one of the trees of the Jews.\" (related by al-Bukhari and Moslem).\n\nArticle Eight: Allah is its target, the Prophet is its model, the Koran its constitution: Jihad is its path and death for the sake of Allah is the loftiest of its wishes.\n\nArticle Eleven: The Islamic Resistance Movement believes that the land of Palestine is an Islamic Waqf consecrated for future Moslem generations until Judgement Day. It, or any part of it, should not be squandered: it, or any part of it, should not be given up. Neither a single Arab country nor all Arab countries, neither any king or president, nor all the kings and presidents, neither any organization nor all of them, be they Palestinian or Arab, possess the right to do that. [… …]\n\nArticle Thirteen: Initiatives, and so-called peaceful solutions and international conferences, are in contradiction to the principles of the Islamic Resistance Movement. [… …] There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through Jihad. Initiatives, proposals and international conferences are all a waste of time and vain endeavors. The Palestinian people know better than to consent to having their future, rights and fate toyed with.\n\nArticle Twenty-Seven: The Palestinian Liberation Organization is the closest to the heart of the Islamic Resistance Movement. It contains the father and the brother, the next of kin and the friend. [… …] the Organization adopted the idea of the secular state. And that it how we view it. Secularism completely contradicts religious ideology. [… …] we are unable to exchange the present or future Islamic Palestine with the secular idea. The Islamic nature of Palestine is part of our religion and whoever takes his religion lightly is a loser.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1988-08-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:17.052292+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0b361723-241e-48ca-976a-b38cac8b0f08", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة بسام صباغ وزير الخارجية والمغتربين رئيس وفد الجمهورية العربية السورية إلى الدورة التاسعة والسبعين للجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة — 30 أيلول 2024\n\n[… …]\n\nلقد شهدت بلادي سورية، على مدى أكثر من عقدٍ مضى، معاناةً لا مثيل لها، حيث تعرضت إلى حربٍ إرهابية شرسة، وعدوان مباشر ومستمر على أراضيها، وحصار اقتصادي خانق متعدد الأوجه والأشكال، وتحريضٍ سياسي وإعلامي غير مسبوق. فقد دُفعت مليارات الدولارات لهدم المنجزات التنموية ونشر الفوضى وتقويض الأمن والاستقرار في ربوعها، ودفع الملايين من السوريين خارج بيوتهم: إما نازحين في وطنهم، أو لاجئين في دولٍ أخرى.\n\nلكن، أيتها السيدات والسادة، أستطيع أن أؤكد لكم بأن كل ذلك قد فشل في جعل سورية تتخلى عن مبادئها الثابتة، وعن مواقفها الراسخة، وعن خياراتها الوطنية الصلبة. فسورية لم تتأخر عن حماية أبنائها والدفاع عنهم، ولم تتراجع قيد أنملة عن قرارها بدحر الإرهاب. إن كل ما تعرَّضت له سورية قد فضحَ بشكلٍ لا لبس فيه، الوجه الحقيقي للسياسات التي تبناها الغرب الجماعي ضدها.\n\nإن استمرار الاحتلال الإسرائيلي للأراضي العربية منذ 1967 بما فيها الجولان العربي السوري، وارتكابه لجرائم الإبادة الجماعية، وجرائم الحرب، والجرائم ضد الإنسانية، ما يزال شاهداً ماثلاً على إخفاق هذه المنظمة — وفي مقدمتها مجلس الأمن — في إنهاء هذا الاحتلال العنصري التوسعي ووضع حدٍ لعدوانه المستمر.\n\nفمنذُ السابع من تشرين الأول الماضي، وكيان الاحتلال الإسرائيلي يضيف إلى سجلّه الإجرامي فصولاً أخرى من الدموية والإرهاب التي ما فتئ يمارسها منذ أكثر من سبعة عقود. حيث شنّت قواته وعصابات مستوطنيه على مدى الأشهر الماضية عدواناً همجياً على الشعب الفلسطيني، أودى بأرواح ما يزيد عن 42 ألف فلسطيني جُلّهم من الأطفال والنساء.\n\n[… …]\n\nوفي السابع والعشرين من تموز الماضي، قامت قوات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي بارتكاب جريمةٍ نكراء أخرى بحق أهلنا في الجولان السوري المحتل؛ حين استهدفت بلدة مجدل شمس السورية بقصفٍ أدى لاستشهاد اثني عشر طفلاً سورياً، وحاولت اتهام أطرافٍ أخرى بالتسبب بهذه الفاجعة، والمتاجرة بدماء الشهداء.\n\nلقد طال العدوان الإسرائيلي المفتوح لبنان الشقيق أيضاً؛ حيث قامت سلطات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي قبل أسبوعين بارتكاب جريمةٍ غير مسبوقة ضد اللبنانيين عبر استخدامها لوسائل الاتصال كأداةٍ لقتل المدنيين العُزّل بشكلٍ جماعي. وقبل أيام، استهدفت سلطات الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ضاحية بيروت الجنوبية بعدوانٍ غادرٍ وجبان، دمّرت فيه مربعاً سكنياً بالكامل، مستخدمةً أطناناً من القنابل المتفجّرة لاغتيال الأمين العام لحزب الله السيد حسن نصر الله الذي قاد لما يزيد عن ثلاثة عقود مقاومةً وطنية لبنانية مشرّفة ضد الاحتلال الإسرائيلي.\n\n[… …]\n\nتؤكد سورية على أن استعادتها للجولان السوري المحتل كاملاً وفقاً لقرارات الأمم المتحدة 242، 338 و497، هو حقّ ثابتٌ لا يخضعُ للمساومةِ، ولا يسقطُ بالتقادم.\n\n[… …]\n\nلقد استهدفت تلك التدابير مختلف القطاعات الحيوية، في مقدمتها قطاع الصحة العامة، والطاقة، والقطاع المصرفي، والنقل، ولم يسلم القطاع الزراعي من هذه التدابير التي تتسبب بتراجع معدلات الأمن الغذائي.\n\n[… …]\n\nتؤكّدُ سورية مجدّداً تأييدَها الكامل لحق جمهوريةِ إيرانٍ في الاستخدام السلمي للطاقة النووية. تجدد سورية دعمها لمبدأ الصين الواحدة. تعيدُ سورية تأكيد تأييدها لحق الاتحاد الروسي في الدفاعِ عن نفسِهِ وحمايةِ أمنِهِ القومي ردّاً على السياساتِ الغربيةِ العدوانية ورفضاً لمنطق الهيمنةِ والأحاديةِ القطبية.\n\n[… …]\n\nتجدد بلادي تضامنها مع فنزويلا في مواجهة التدخلات السافرة في شؤونها الداخلية. تطالبُ بلادي بالرفعِ الفوري لجميع الإجراءاتِ القسريةِ أحاديةِ الجانب التي تَفرِضُها الدولُ الغربيةُ على روسيا، وإيران، وفنزويلا، وبيلاروس، وكوبا، ونيكاراغوا، وكوريا الديمقراطية، وإريتريا، وغيرها، وضدّ بلادي سورية.\n\n[… …]\n\nإصلاح المؤسسات الدولية السياسية والمالية بما يبعدها عن الهيمنة، والأحادية القطبية، ويردع محاولات تقويض الميثاق والاستعاضة عنه بما يسمى بـ 'النظام القائم على القواعد'.\n\nشكراً السيد الرئيس.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:24.346549+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "b6e501ef-ac55-44b6-90c8-815e3de8a0cf", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "country_id": "JO", "title": "King Abdullah II address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 23 Sep 2025", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/jo_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful\n\nMadam President, Mr. Secretary General, Your Excellencies:\n\nAnother year, another UN General Assembly, and another occasion when I stand before you to address the same issue: the conflict in the Middle East.\n\nOur UN General Assembly was born 80 years ago, pledging to learn from — not repeat — history. The world vowed: Never again. However, for almost as long, Palestinians have been living through a cruel cycle of \"yet again\". Bombed indiscriminately… yet again. Killed, injured, and maimed… yet again. Displaced and dispossessed… yet again. Denied rights, dignity… their basic humanity… Yet. Again.\n\nSo, I must ask… how long?\n\nThe Palestinian-Israeli conflict remains unique: it is the longest-standing conflict in the world. An illegal occupation of a helpless population by a self-declared \"democratic nation\". A flagrant violation of repeated UN resolutions, international law, and human rights conventions — a failure that should have elicited outrage and action, especially from major democracies… instead, it has been met with decades of inertia.\n\nThe war in Gaza marks one of the darkest moments in this institution's history. More than 60 thousand Palestinians killed; 50 thousand children injured or killed. Miles of burnt-out rubble. Neighbourhoods, hospitals, schools, farms, even mosques and churches, in ruins. Widespread starvation.\n\nAlmost two years in, and the cruelty of this military campaign continues unabated.\n\n**Furthermore, the current Israeli government's provocative calls for a so-called \"Greater Israel\" can only be realised through the blatant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its neighbours — and there's nothing great about that.** I can't help but wonder … if a similar outrageous call were made by an Arab leader … would it be met with the same global apathy?\n\nThe international community must stop entertaining the illusion that this government is a willing partner for peace. Far from it… its actions on the ground are dismantling the very foundations on which peace could stand, and intentionally burying the very idea of a Palestinian State.\n\nIt has shown how little it respects the sovereignty of other countries… as we have seen in its flagrant violations in **Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Tunisia, and most recently… Qatar!**\n\nAnd its hostile rhetoric calling for the targeting of Al Aqsa Mosque will incite a religious war that would reach far beyond the region and lead to an all-out clash that no nation would be able to escape.\n\nHow long before we hold all nations to the same standards? How long before we recognise the Palestinians as people who aspire to the same things you and I do — and we act on that recognition? **How long before we recognise that statehood is not something Palestinians need to earn? It is not a reward — it is an indisputable right.**\n\nIn Jordan, we are determined to work for a world in which people are secure in their homes, are safe to practice their faiths, and are able to live and thrive in dignity.\n\nAs Custodians of Muslim and Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, we safeguard these holy places against actions that violate the city's legal and historical status quo. Compromising the delicate balance in the Holy City will turn it into a tinderbox that ignites global conflict.\n\nAnd Jordan is serving as the main base for the international humanitarian response in Gaza… working by all possible means to provide critical supplies of aid and food.\n\nWe all know that force is no foundation for security; it is a prelude for greater violence. Repeated wars are teaching generations of Israelis and Palestinians that their only recourse… is the gun.\n\nSecurity will only come when Palestine and Israel begin to co-exist side by side. This is the two-state solution, in line with international law and UN resolutions: an independent and viable Palestinian state, with East Jerusalem as its capital, alongside a secure Israel, living in peace with its neighbours.\n\nFor almost a quarter-century, this has been the promise of the Arab Peace Initiative — in which Arab and Muslim partners around the globe extended their hand.\n\nThis United Nations must echo that call: It has been too long. And it must act on that call… until peace is a reality.\n\nThank you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T13:40:21.674165+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a2652009-f2a7-4eba-86c6-d53fded59066", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "country_id": "YE", "title": "Tawakkol Karman Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, Oslo, 10 Dec 2011 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/karman-lecture_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In the name of God the Compassionate the Merciful!\n\nYour Majesties, Highnesses, Excellencies, Distinguished Committee of the Nobel Peace Prize, Arab spring and revolution youth in the arena of freedom and change, and all free people of the world: Peace upon you from the Nobel Peace rostrum!\n\nI have always believed that resistance against repression and violence is possible without relying on similar repression and violence. I have always believed that human civilization is the fruit of the effort of both women and men. So, when women are treated unjustly and are deprived of their natural right in this process, all social deficiencies and cultural illnesses will be unfolded, and in the end the whole community, men and women, will suffer.\n\nSince the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901, millions of people have died in wars which could have been avoided with a little wisdom and courage. The Arab countries had their share in these tragic wars, though their land is the land of prophecies and divine messages calling for peace. From this land came the Torah carrying the message: \"Thou shalt not kill\" and the Bible promising: \"Blessed are the peacemakers,\" and the final message of the Koran urging \"O ye who believe, enter ye into the peace, one and all.\"\n\nPeace within one country is no less important than peace between countries. War is not just a conflict between states. There is another type of war, which is far more bitter, that is the war of despotic leaders who oppress their own people. It is a war of those to whom people have entrusted their lives and destinies, but who have betrayed that trust.\n\nPeace does not mean just to stop wars, but also to stop oppression and injustice.\n\nThe revolutions of the Arab spring in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria, and the movement towards revolutions in other Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Bahrain, Sudan and others, in terms of motivation, driving power and objectives, didn't take place on isolated islands cut off from all the rapid and astonishing developments and changes which our world is witnessing. The Arab people have woken up just to see how poor a share of freedom, democracy and dignity they have. And they revolted.\n\nMany nations, including the Arab peoples, have suffered, although they were not at war, but were not at peace either. The peace in which they lived is a false \"peace of graves\", the peace of submission to tyranny and corruption that impoverishes people and kills their hope for a better future.\n\nI would like to emphasize that the Arab spring revolutions have emerged with the purpose of meeting the needs of the people of the region for a state of citizenship and the rule of law. They have emerged as an expression of people's dissatisfaction with the state of corruption, nepotism and bribery. These revolutions were ignited by young men and women who are yearning for freedom and dignity. They know that their revolutions pass through four stages which can't be bypassed:\n\n• Toppling the dictator and his family\n• Toppling his security and military services and his nepotism networks\n• Establishing the institutions of the transitional state\n• Moving towards constitutional legitimacy and establishing the modern civil and democratic state", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T12:16:55.509994+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "02c9eb6a-bc01-48f2-92f7-71115135e290", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Bezalel Smotrich — Israeli far-right doctrinal mosaic (Decisive Plan 2017, Huwara 2023, 82%-West-Bank-annexation 2025)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "From Bezalel Smotrich (b. 1980, Religious Zionism party chairman, Israeli Finance Minister + Minister in the Defense Ministry over civil administration in the West Bank from 29 Dec 2022 onward):\n\n**2015** (interview, cited in The Intercept 2023):\n\"The Palestinian Authority is a burden, and Hamas is an asset.\"\n\n**2017** (Smotrich's \"Decisive Plan\" paper published in HiShiloh journal, summarized by journalist Ron Ben-Yishai):\nThe plan foresees flooding \"the areas of Judea and Samaria with settlements\" so that Palestinians would understand they have no chance for statehood. Smotrich's three-option framework for Palestinians: leave, accept Israeli sovereignty without political rights, or fight (and be defeated).\n\n**March 2023** (Smotrich speaking from a podium displaying a map of \"Greater Israel\" that included Jordan):\nThere is \"no such thing as a Palestinian people\" and Palestinians have no \"history or culture.\" The Palestinian foreign ministry issued formal condemnation.\n\n**February 26, 2023** (after Israeli settler rampage in Huwara, West Bank, following killing of two Israelis by a Palestinian gunman):\n\"I think the village of Huwara needs to be wiped out. I think the state of Israel should do it.\"\n\n**September 2025** (interview with The New York Times, in advance of UNGA-80 wave of Palestinian-state recognitions):\nSmotrich called for Israel to annex \"roughly 82 percent of the West Bank\" while the Palestinian Authority could \"continue to run their own affairs\" locally but \"the territory would be ours.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-02-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T07:57:36.188443+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "212eb093-e198-4205-a8bd-5cc39dff0fc0", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000213", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Itamar Ben-Gvir — Israeli far-right doctrinal mosaic (Rabin-threat 1995, Arab-expulsion 2019, \"I am your landlord\" 2022, West Bank 2023)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "From Itamar Ben-Gvir (b. 1976, Otzma Yehudit chairman, Israeli Minister of National Security from 29 Dec 2022 onward in Netanyahu's sixth government):\n\n**1995** (Israeli television, on Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin — then 19-year-old Ben-Gvir holding the hood ornament stolen from Rabin's Cadillac, weeks before Rabin's assassination by Yigal Amir on 4 Nov 1995):\n\"We got to his car, and we'll get to him too.\"\n[Cited in Haaretz, 4 January 2016.]\n\n**25 February 2019** (regarding Arab citizens of Israel not loyal to the state):\n\"Must be expelled\" — his explicit position that disloyal Arab citizens of Israel should be expelled from the country.\n[Cited in The Times of Israel, 24 February 2019.]\n\n**13 October 2022** (during clashes in Sheikh Jarrah, East Jerusalem, before his appointment as National Security Minister):\n\"We're the landlords here, remember that, I am your landlord.\"\n[Cited in The Times of Israel, 14 October 2022.]\n\n**August 2023** (on differential right-of-movement in the West Bank between Israeli settlers and Palestinians):\n\"My right, and my wife's and my children's right, to get around on the roads in Judea and Samaria is more important than the right to movement for Arabs.\"\n[Cited in BBC News, 25 August 2023.]\n\n**On Gaza settlements** (post-Oct-7, advocating return of Israeli settlers to Gaza after the 2005 disengagement was reversed by force):\n\"We cannot withdraw from any territory we are in in the Gaza Strip. Not only do I not rule out Jewish settlement there, I believe it is also an important thing.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-10-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T07:57:36.188443+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "cfcc3a29-635e-4aef-a3e2-ad5a667dbb65", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Netanyahu — 80th UNGA Statement, 26 September 2025 — \"Operation Rising Lion\" 12-day Iran war, named-dead-leaders list, Israel-Sharaa Syria negotiations, \"Make Iran Great Again\"", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/il_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Mr. President, The families of our dear hostages languishing in the dungeons of Gaza, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nLast year, I stood at this podium, and I showed this map. It shows the curse of Iran's terror axis. This axis threatened the peace of the entire world. It threatened the stability of our region and the very existence of my country Israel.\n\nIran was rapidly developing a massive nuclear weapons program and a massive ballistic missile program. These were meant not only to destroy Israel, they were meant also to threaten the United States and blackmail nations everywhere.\n\nFrom Gaza, Yahya Sinwar dispatched waves of Hamas terrorists. They stormed into Israel on October 7th and committed acts of unspeakable savagery. From Lebanon, Hassan Nasrallah had launched thousands of missiles and rockets at our cities, terrorizing our citizens. In Syria, the murderous dictator Assad hosted Iran's forces, tightening a noose of death around our throats. In Yemen, the Houthis launched ballistic missiles at Israel, while choking global trade at the mouth of the Red Sea.\n\nSo what's happened over the past year? We've hammered the Houthis, including yesterday. We crushed the bulk of Hamas's terror machine. We crippled Hezbollah, taking out most of its leaders and much of its weapons arsenal. Remember those beepers, the pagers? We paged Hezbollah. And believe me, they got the message — and thousands of terrorists dropped to the ground. We destroyed Assad's armaments in Syria. We deterred Iran's Shiite militias in Iraq.\n\nAnd most importantly, and above everything else that I could say to you or that we did in this past year, in this past decade: We devastated Iran's atomic weapons and ballistic missile programs.\n\n**Here's where things stand today. Half the Houthi leadership in Yemen — gone. Yahya Sinwar in Gaza — gone. Hasan Nasrallah in Lebanon — gone. The Assad regime in Syria — gone.**\n\n**Israel's 12-day war with Iran, which I renamed Operation Rising Lion — that's from the Bible — this 12-day war will go down in the annals of military history.** Our daring pilots neutralized Iran's missile defenses and took control of the skies over Tehran. And you saw this, Israeli fighter pilots and American B2 pilots bombed Iran's nuclear enrichment sites. I want to thank President Trump for his bold and decisive action.\n\nBut we're not done yet. The final remnants of Hamas are holed up in Gaza City. They vow to repeat the atrocities of October 7th again and again and again, no matter how diminished their forces. That is why Israel must finish the job, and that is why we want to do so as fast as possible.\n\nSo to the remaining Hamas leaders, and to the jailors of our hostages, I now say: Lay down your arms! Let my people go! Free the hostages! All of them. The whole 48. Free the hostages now! If you do, you will live. If you don't, Israel will hunt you down.\n\nIf Hamas agrees to our demands, the war could end right now. Gaza would be demilitarized, Israel would retain overriding security control, and a peaceful civilian authority would be established by Gazans and others committed to peace with Israel.\n\nThis week, the leaders of France, Britain, Australia, Canada and other countries unconditionally recognized a Palestinian state. They did so after the horrors committed by Hamas on October 7th — horrors praised on that day by nearly 90% of the Palestinian population.\n\nYou know what message the leaders who recognized a Palestinian state this week sent to the Palestinians? It's a very clear message. Murdering Jews pays off.\n\nGiving the Palestinians a state one mile from Jerusalem after October 7th is like giving Al-Qaeda a state one mile from New York City after September 11th.\n\nThis is sheer madness. It's insane, and we won't do it. So here's another message for these Western leaders: **Israel will not allow you to shove a terror state down our throats.**\n\nLast year, there was a vote in the Knesset, our parliament, whether or not to oppose the imposition of a Palestinian state. Out of the 120 members of our parliament, 99 voted against. And only 9 supported. That's over 90%. It's not a fringe group, it's not the prime minister who is extreme or is held hostage by extreme parties to his right. So my opposition to a Palestinian state is not simply my policy or my government's policy. **It is the policy of the state and people of the State of Israel.**\n\nIsrael's victories over the Iranian terror axis have opened up possibilities for peace that were unthinkable two years ago.\n\nTake Syria. For decades, the very idea of peace between Israel and Syria seemed unimaginable. No more. **Today we have begun serious negotiations with the new Syrian government.** I believe an agreement can be reached that respects Syria's sovereignty and protects both Israel's security and the security of the minorities in the region, including the Druze minorities.\n\nPeace between Israel and Lebanon is possible as well. I call on the Lebanese government to also begin direct negotiations with Israel. I commend it for its declared aim to disarm Hezbollah. But we need more than words.\n\nVictory over Hezbollah has made peace possible with our two Arab neighbors in the North. Victory over Hamas will make peace possible with nations throughout the Arab and Muslim world. Our victory would lead to a dramatic expansion of the historic Abraham Accords, which President Trump brokered between Arab leaders and myself five years ago.\n\nWith God's help, that strength and that resolve will lead us to a speedy victory and to a brilliant future of prosperity and peace.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T07:57:36.188443+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2ed79a32-01cf-43a1-869e-d860f8657eb8", "source_type": "op-ed", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000411", "country_id": "SA", "title": "Jamal Khashoggi — Washington Post columns 2017-2018 mosaic (anti-MBS critique, free expression, Yemen war, last column posthumous)", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From Jamal Khashoggi (1958-2018, Saudi journalist, former editor-in-chief of Al-Watan and former advisor to Prince Turki bin Faisal; broke with the Saudi regime over MBS's repression of dissent and self-exiled to the US in 2017; murdered and dismembered inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on or about 2 October 2018 by a Saudi government team; a UN Special Rapporteur found \"credible evidence\" of MBS's responsibility):\n\n**From \"Saudi Arabia wasn't always this repressive. Now it's unbearable\"** (Washington Post, 18 September 2017 — his first column after self-exile):\n\"We are not opposed to our government and care deeply about Saudi Arabia. It is the only home we know or want. Yet we are the enemy.\"\n\"I have left my home, my family and my job, and I am raising my voice. To do otherwise would betray those who languish in prison.\"\n\n**From an August 2018 column on the Canada-Saudi diplomatic crisis:**\n\"MBS is signaling that any open opposition to Saudi domestic policies is intolerable.\"\n\"While MBS is right to free Saudi Arabia from ultra-conservative religious forces, he is wrong to advance a new radicalism.\"\n*Khashoggi's canonical critique of MBS — acknowledging the Vision-2030 modernization while condemning the parallel crackdown on dissent.*\n\n**On the Yemen war:**\n\"The longer this cruel war lasts in Yemen, the more permanent the damage will be.\" / \"The crown prince must bring an end to the violence.\"\n\n**From an April 2018 column on Saudi reform:**\n\"Women today should have the same rights as men. All citizens should have the right to speak without fear.\"\n\n**From \"What the Arab World Needs Most Is Free Expression\"** (Washington Post, published posthumously 17 October 2018, two weeks after his murder — his final column):\n\"The Arab world needs a modern version of the old transnational media so citizens can be informed about global events.\"\n\"Ordinary people in the Arab world would be able to address the structural problems their societies face.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-10-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T08:14:31.270762+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "fe8eba59-8192-440f-aee1-7aca54ddd29c", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Mahmoud Abbas — 80th UNGA Statement, 25 September 2025 — Hamas rejection, Trump-Saudi-France peace plan endorsement, 9-point ceasefire framework", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/ps_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "H. E. Annalena Baerbock, President of the General Assembly, H.E. António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Excellencies, distinguished Heads of State and delegations, Peace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you,\n\nI speak to you today after nearly two years in which our Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip have been facing a war of genocide, destruction, starvation, and displacement waged by the Israeli occupation forces. This war has killed and wounded more than 220,000 Palestinians, the majority of them children, women, and elderly civilians, displaced hundreds of thousands, prevented the delivery of food and medicine, and starved two million Palestinians.\n\nA suffocating siege has been imposed on an entire people, destroying more than 80% of homes, schools, hospitals, churches, mosques, and infrastructure. What Israel is carrying out is not just aggression—it is a war crime and a crime against humanity, witnessed and documented, and it will be recorded in history books and in the conscience of humanity as one of the most horrific chapters of human tragedy in the 20th and 21st centuries.\n\nIn the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, the capital of the State of Palestine, the extremist Israeli government continues implementing colonial policies through illegal settlement expansion and annexation projects, the latest being the construction plan in E1, which aims to divide the West Bank, isolate occupied Jerusalem from its surroundings, and destroy the two-state solution, in blatant violation of international law and relevant UN Security Council resolutions, foremost among them Resolution 2334.\n\nThis is in addition to the Israeli Prime Minister's announcement of his so-called \"Greater Israel\" plan, which we categorically reject and condemn, as it even includes expansion into sovereign Arab States. We also condemn the recent brutal attack against the fraternal State of Qatar, which we consider a dangerous escalation and a flagrant violation of international law requiring decisive intervention and deterrent measures against such expansionist schemes.\n\n**Despite all that our people have suffered, we reject what Hamas carried out on October 7th—acts that targeted Israeli civilians and took them as hostages—because such actions do not represent the Palestinian people nor their just struggle for freedom and independence.**\n\nWe have affirmed—and will continue to affirm—that Gaza is an integral part of the State of Palestine, and that we are ready to assume full responsibility for governance and security there. **Hamas will have no role in governance, and it, along with other factions, must hand over their weapons to the Palestinian National Authority within the framework of building the institutions of one state, one law, and one legitimate security force.** We reiterate that we do not want a militarized state.\n\nJust three days ago, we gathered in the high-level International Conference in New York, co-chaired by France and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with broad international participation and unified positions reflecting a genuine global will to end this historic conflict through recognition of the State of Palestine, ending the occupation, and restoring hope to both Palestinians and Israelis.\n\nIn light of the International Peace Conference's outcomes, we reiterate our call today before the General Assembly for the following:\n\n1. The immediate and permanent cessation of the war in Gaza.\n2. The unconditional delivery of humanitarian aid through UN agencies, including UNRWA, and an end to the use of starvation as a weapon of war.\n3. The release of all hostages and prisoners on both sides.\n4. The full withdrawal of Israeli occupation forces from Gaza, rejection of displacement schemes, cessation of settlement activity and settler terrorism, halting the theft of Palestinian land and property under annexation schemes.\n5. The State of Palestine assuming full responsibilities, beginning with the Gaza Administration Committee, chaired by a minister in the Palestinian government, to manage Gaza temporarily and link it to the West Bank.\n6. Guaranteeing that our people in Gaza remain in their land without displacement.\n7. The release of Palestinian tax revenues illegally withheld by Israel.\n8. **Support for our national reform efforts, and holding presidential and parliamentary elections within one year after the war's end. Practical steps have begun, including the formation of a temporary constitutional drafting committee to complete its work within three months. We have established a unified social welfare system, abolishing the previous system of payments to the families of prisoners and martyrs**, which is now ready for auditing.\n9. **We declare our readiness to work with President Donald Trump, with Saudi Arabia, France, the United Nations, and all partners to implement the peace plan adopted at the September 22 conference**, paving the way to a just peace and comprehensive regional cooperation.\n\nWe say it clearly today: there will be no peace without justice, and no justice without Palestine's liberation.\n\nWe want to live in freedom, security, and peace like all other peoples of the earth—in an independent, sovereign state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital, living in peace with our neighbors. We want a modern, civil state, free of violence, weapons, and extremism, respectful of law and human rights, investing in people, development, technology, and education—not in wars and conflicts.\n\nPalestine is ours, and Jerusalem is the jewel of our hearts and our eternal capital. We will not abandon our homeland, we will not leave our land. Our people will remain rooted like the olive tree, firm as rock, rising from beneath the rubble to rebuild anew.\n\nPeace, mercy, and blessings of God be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T07:57:36.188443+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "dd78937a-bb11-4b7f-b88d-c6aceabc4276", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000270", "country_id": "SA", "title": "King Salman bin Abdulaziz — Saudi monarchy doctrinal mosaic (charity-not-extremism 2002, Iran condemnation 2019)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "From King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (b. 31 December 1935, 7th king of Saudi Arabia 23 January 2015 onward; Governor of Riyadh for 48 years before that; father of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman; son of founder King Abdulaziz Al Saud):\n\n**On his decades-long Riyadh governorship** (Salman's signature personal-political framing):\n\"Every village or town in the Riyadh Region is dear to me, and holds a special place in my heart... I witnessed every step taken by the city of Riyadh, and for this reason, it is difficult for me to think about being far away from Riyadh.\"\n\n**November 2002** (Salman's response to post-9/11 questions about Saudi charity funding flowing to extremist organizations):\n\"I know the assistance goes to doing good. But if there are those who change some work of charity into evil activities, then it is not the Kingdom's responsibility, nor its people, which helps its Arab and Muslim brothers around the world.\"\n*The canonical Saudi-monarchy defense against post-9/11 US-and-international pressure on Saudi-financed extremism: Saudi state and citizens as good-faith charity-givers, with downstream extremist-misuse framed as third-party responsibility rather than Saudi-state responsibility.*\n\n**May 2019** (King Salman's framing of the Iran threat, during the Saudi-Iran tensions following the May 2019 oil-tanker attacks attributed to Iran):\n\"What the Iranian regime is doing, from intervening in regional countries' affairs and developing its nuclear program, threatening global maritime traffic and global oil supplies, is a blatant violation of the treaties and principles of the United Nations.\"\n*Made in the period immediately preceding the September 2019 Abqaiq-Khurais attack on Saudi oil facilities that escalated Saudi-Iran tensions to a peak.*", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-05-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T08:14:31.270762+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c457bf0c-aa96-4de6-a8df-8f5e56740dca", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "dde916e6-4e2d-490a-bc14-4a6dc186c600", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "Charte du Rassemblement Constitutionnel Démocratique (RCD) — extrait (identité, pouvoirs, politique extérieure)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20070915073425/http://www.rcd.tn/ambition/rcd/charte/charte02.htm", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "S'agissant du Changement, la Charte indique que le 7 Novembre a réalisé une mutation qualitative et créé une dynamique bénéfique au sein de la société. Le RCD œuvre à faire participer tous les Tunisiens à la réalisation du projet de société mis en œuvre par le Président Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.\n\nLa Charte souligne que la sauvegarde de l'identité arabe et musulmane de la personnalité tunisienne qui est inscrite dans la Constitution est un principe de base pour le RCD. Cette identité est axée sur l'islam en tant que religion d'émancipation, d'épanouissement et de tolérance.\n\nLa Charte insiste en outre, sur la dimension maghrébine, arabe et méditerranéenne de la Tunisie. Elle évoque par ailleurs l'indépendance des trois pouvoirs, selon l'esprit et la lettre de la constitution.\n\nL'indépendance de la justice garantit la suprématie de la loi tandis que la représentativité des institutions constitutionnelles est propre à assurer la crédibilité de l'action parlementaire relative au contrôle du pouvoir exécutif. …\n\nEn matière de politique extérieure, la Charte souligne que cette politique doit être le reflet des principes et des hautes valeurs morales et civilisationnelles dont se prévaut le peuple tunisien et doit s'en tenir aux positions qui font prévaloir l'intérêt national, préservent l'indépendance et la liberté de décision et rehaussent la place de la Tunisie sur la scène internationale.\n\nLa Charte affirme, en outre, que la construction d'un Maghreb Arabe sans frontières est un impératif vital qu'imposent les données naturelles unissant les pays maghrébins.\n\nLe Rassemblement met l'accent sur la nécessité de poursuivre l'interaction avec les frères arabes en vue de renforcer la place de la nation arabe, de réaliser son invulnérabilité et de faire face aux dangers qui la menacent et en premier lieu la colonisation par lsrael de la Palestine.\n\nLe RCD affirme que la cause palestinienne constitue la plus juste des causes contemporaines et que la lutte du peuple palestinien sous la conduite de l'Organisation de Libération de la Palestine, son représentant légitime et unique, impose à tout Arabe et à tout homme de soutenir cette lutte jusqu'à ce que le peuple palestinien réalise ses objectifs de libération, de retour et d'édification de son Etat indépendant sur son territoire national.\n\nLe RCD renouvelle l'attachement de la Tunisie à ses dimensions arabe, islamique, africaine et méditerranéenne et souligne la nécessité de fonder notre politique extérieure sur la base de l'amitié entre les peuples et la coopération entre les Etats quels que soient leurs régimes, et l'engagement total de la Tunisie avec tous les pays du Tiers-Monde dans leur lutte contre le sous-développement.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2003-07-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:21.013487+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "049afd85-e026-45f6-955e-1b8762b22900", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000374", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Ayman Nour — “Egypt's choice is clear: Democracy – or chaos under Sisi” (Middle East Eye op-ed), 23 January 2020", "source_url": "https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/repression-corruption-and-poverty-egypt-has-recipe-new-uprising", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 25 January, Egyptians will celebrate the ninth anniversary of the revolution. […]\n\nNine years on, Egypt has become one of the most repressive regimes in the world. Popular anger has reached a turning point, as evidenced by recent protests.\n\n[…] with more than 60,000 political prisoners, including more than 300 on hunger strike, repression has reached unprecedented levels in Egypt. Treating Sisi with such honour is both morally wrong and strategically senseless.\n\nThe Arab Spring, which has shaken the region since 2011, has offered a choice whereby human dignity, freedom and rule of law are the fundamental indicators of what is right or wrong, as opposed to religion, nationality, or social or political background.\n\n[…] Whether we are centrists, liberals, leftists or Islamists does not matter in comparison to the values that unite us: democracy, human dignity, justice, equality and freedom. After more than six years of Sisi's vicious rule, the Arab Spring spirit has never left our minds.\n\nAll of the ingredients for a new uprising are here. Poverty is rising, with six out of 10 Egyptians either poor or vulnerable […]. In the meantime, opacity and graft appear to be the only governing mechanisms, with a significant portion of the economy belonging to the military.\n\n[…] I have no doubt that Sisi and his cronies will fall, and we in the opposition are getting ready for that day. The Arab Spring is not over. […] A genuine democratic transition will benefit everyone, especially compared with the chaos that will come if Sisi's rule continues.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2020-01-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:29.349497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "8ec7da45-162e-4374-9a3d-f7fa6599b522", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "country_id": "JO", "title": "Abdullah II — UN GA 75 (Sep 2020): first virtual GA, renewed-globalization doctrine, food-security-hub offer, Hashemite custodianship", "source_url": "https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3893029/files/A_75_PV.4-AR.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "خطاب صاحب الجلالة الملك عبد الله الثاني بن الحسين ملك المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية — الجمعية العامة، الدورة الخامسة والسبعون، الجلسة العامة 4، 22 أيلول/سبتمبر 2020 (المحضر الرسمي A/75/PV.4، المرفق التاسع). بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. […] هذه في واقع الأمر أوقات استثنائية في تاريخنا وفي تاريخ الأمم المتحدة، عندما نجتمع افتراضيا للمرة الأولى خلال الـ 75 عاماً من عمر الأمم المتحدة، بينما يواصل عالمنا الكفاح مع جائحة كوفيد-19 والآثار البعيدة المدى المترتبة عنها، في حين تتطلع شعوبنا إلينا للإبحار في هذه المياه المجهولة بحنكة سياسية جريئة. ومن المذهل كيف أن هذا الفيروس الذي أصاب شخصا واحدا في أحد أركان المعمورة، قد نما وانتشر ليعصف بأسس نظامنا الدولي واقتصادنا العالمي وبالبشرية جمعاء. وسيكون من المذهل بالقدر نفسه أن يفوت علينا درس مدى ترابطنا حقا. ولا يمكننا التغلب على هذا الفيروس بالانغلاق على حدودنا الداخلية. فهو لا يقف عند الحدود ولا ينبغي لتعاوننا أن يقف عندها أيضا. ولا يمكننا التغلب على جائحة كوفيد-19 وما يتجاوزها إلا بإعادة تكامل عالمنا وتجديد العولمة التي تجعل من رفاه جميع شعوبنا الهدف النهائي […] عولمة جديدة تهيئنا على نحو أفضل لعالم ما بعد كوفيد-19. […] إن الجوع من بين التحديات المتعددة التي يتعين على عالمنا مواجهتها على نطاق أوسع بكثير من العقود السابقة. والواقع أنه بدأ الزحف نحونا. نحن نرى تهديدات الأمن الغذائي في لبنان ونرى الجوع يهدد مجتمعات اللاجئين الضعفاء في منطقتنا. […] ولذلك فإن الاستعداد لمواجهة هذا الأمر أولوية رئيسية بالنسبة للأردن. ونحن على استعداد أيضاً للقيام بما في وسعنا من أجل منطقتنا وأصدقائنا بتوجيه قدراتنا للعمل كمركز إقليمي للأمن الغذائي. […] وإدراكاً منه بأن من شأن حماية بيئتنا الطبيعية أن تحمي وجودنا كله في نهاية المطاف، وضع الأردن مشروع ميثاق سيُعرض على الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة، يمنح النظم الإيكولوجية المحددة وجميع أنواع النباتات والحيوانات الحق القانوني في البقاء. […] لقد جلبت أزمة كوفيد-19 مرآة لعالمنا وبينت لنا الشقوق في نظامنا العالمي. […] ولا يزال النزاع الفلسطيني الإسرائيلي، بوصفه النزاع الذي بدأ منذ إنشاء الأمم المتحدة، يتفاقم حتى يومنا هذا. ويتمثل السبيل الوحيد نحو إنهائه، باعتباره النزاع المركزي في منطقتي، في حل الدولتين وفقا للقانون الدولي وقرارات الأمم المتحدة. ويجب أن يؤدي السبيل الوحيد نحو السلام العادل والدائم إلى قيام دولة فلسطينية مستقلة ذات سيادة وقابلة للحياة على خطوط 4 حزيران/يونيو 1967 وعاصمتها القدس الشرقية، تعيش جنبا إلى جنب مع إسرائيل في سلام وأمن متبادلين. ولا يمكننا حل هذا النزاع دون العمل على الحفاظ على القدس للبشرية جمعاء باعتبارها مدينة سلام موحِّدة للمشاعر الدينية. وبصفتي عاهلاً هاشمياً وصياً على الأماكن المقدسة، فإنه يقع على عاتقي واجب خاص بحماية الأماكن المقدسة الإسلامية والمسيحية في القدس. بيد أن المسؤولية عن هذه المدينة المقدسة تقع على عاتقنا جميعاً. […] فلنغتنم هذه الفرصة لنتحلى بالجرأة في تحقيق طموحاتنا، ولنكن أكثر جرأة في عملنا. وأكثر جرأة في الإيمان بقدرتنا على تحقيق النجاح.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2020-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:17.733497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "de74b995-ae88-4d13-92d7-2989d6119528", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\nبداية أتقدم للسيدة انالينا بيربوك (Annalena Baerbock) بخالص التهنئة لرئاستها الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة في دورتها الثمانين [… …]\n\nأتشرف بأن أقف اليوم امام جمعكم الكريم متحدثا باسم العراق، بتاريخه العريق الذي تعرفونه جميعا، وبالتحديات الكبيرة التي واجهها وانتصر عليها، وبالآمال والتطلعات الكبيرة والفرص التي يسعى شعبنا لاستثمارها، بالتعاون مع الأصدقاء، وبدعم المنظمات الدولية، وفي مقدمتها الأمم المتحدة [… …]\n\nأتحدث إليكم اليوم والعراق قد استعاد وضعه الطبيعي في المجتمع الدولي، وفي علاقاته مع جيرانه، إذ أقف في اجتماعكم هذا وبلادي ترأس دورة الجامعة العربية ومجموعة الـ77 والصين، بالإضافة الى الدور الفعال في المنظمات الدولية والإقليمية، مثل منظمة الدول المصدرة للنفط (الأوبك) ومنظمة التعاون الإسلامي وحركة عدم الانحياز [… …] وهو على استعداد لان يكون نقطة تواصل بين الشرق والغرب.\n\n[… …]\n\nوبصفتي حاميا للدستور، أعمل وبالتعاون مع السلطة القضائية، باعتبارها صمام أمان للنظام الديمقراطي، على ضمان إجراء انتخابات حرة ونزيهة وشفافة وذلك بالوقوف على مسافة واحدة من الجميع وبما يحقق تكافؤ الفرص في الترشيح والتمثيل النيابي.\n\nوفي هذا الصدد، يتطلع العراق الى التعاطي الإيجابي مع مبادرة الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة (UN80) التي تهدف الى تعزيز كفاءة وفعالية المنظمة الأممية، ويعلن العراق انفتاحه لمناقشة استضافة مقار أممية إقليمية أو دولية في العراق [… …]\n\nلقد تمكن العراق، وبدعم الأصدقاء من الانتصار على أخطر تهديد إرهابي شهده العالم، ونتقدم اليوم لمحو كل آثار الهجمة الإرهابية الوحشية معتمدين على وحدة شعبنا [… …]\n\nنؤمن ان الإرهاب هو منهج واحد مهما اختلفت شعاراته وتعددت أقنعته لذلك ندعو الى مواجهة الإرهاب بصورة شاملة باعتباره حالة واحدة لا تمييز بين وجوهها.\n\nونؤكد على ضرورة التزام الجميع بالتنفيذ الكامل لقرارات مجلس الأمن ذات الصلة وعلى وجه الخصوص القرارات المرقمة 2178 و2396 و2462 و2331 [… …]\n\nيواصل العراق جهوده لإعادة النازحين الى مناطقهم الأصلية [… …] والأهم من كل ذلك طمأنة المكونات التي تعرضت للإبادة والاستعباد والتهجير مثل الايزيديين والمسيحيين وغيرهم [… …]\n\nأجرى العراق تعدادا سكانيا ناجحا هو الأول منذ عقود، وكشف التعداد ان عدد سكان العراق يربو على الـ46 مليون نسمة وبزيادة سنوية تصل الى مليون نسمة [… …]\n\nالعراق من أكثر البلدان تضررا بالتغيرات المناخية، فالتصحر يزحف على الأراضي الخضراء وشحة المياه صارت تهديدا وجوديا فضلا عن العواصف الترابية المتزايدة [… …]\n\nيؤكد العراق على أهمية الالتزام بمبدأ 'المسؤولية المشتركة ولكن المتباينة' في مواجهة التغيرات المناخية وفي مقدمتها أزمة تراجع الموارد المائية في الأنهار المشتركة بين الدول والعابرة للحدود، التي تمثل تحديا كبيرا للعراق الذي سعى دائما الى التعاون والتفاهم مع الجمهورية الاسلامية الايرانية وجمهورية تركيا لتقاسم وإدارة المياه في حوضي نهري دجلة والفرات [… …]\n\nإن ما يتعرض له المدنيون الفلسطينيون من قتل وتجويع وتهجير وهدم للبنى التحتية وتدمير لمؤسساتهم هو وضع لا يليق بنا كبشر وحالة مخزية للإنسانية جمعاء، ولذلك يجب العمل على إيقافه فورا [… …]\n\nنكرر دعوتنا للمجتمع الدولي بالتحرك سريعا لتحقيق حل عادل وشامل للقضية الفلسطينية بتفعيل القرارات الأممية وتمكين الشعب الفلسطيني من بناء دولته المستقلة [… …] وفي هذا السياق يرحب العراق بالاعتراف الدولي واسع النطاق بالدولة الفلسطينية كيانا مستقلا في المجتمع الدولي.\n\nكما ندين هجمات الكيان الصهيوني على دول المنطقة، في سوريا ولبنان وآخرها على دولة قطر الشقيقة، وهو عمل عدواني غاشم يمثل انتهاكا صريحا للقانون الدولي ومواثيق الأمم المتحدة [… …] وندعو الى جهود دولية شاملة وسريعة لوقف جميع هذه الاعتداءات، ومنع الانحدار مجددا الى حالة العدوان على الجمهورية الاسلامية الايرانية وإيقاف الاعتداء على المنشآت المدنية والبنى التحتية في اليمن.\n\nونظرا لما رأيناه من الآثار الكارثية لأسلحة الدمار الشامل، نجدد مطالبة العراق بخلو منطقة الشرق الأوسط من هذه الأسلحة [… …] وأن تشمل الرقابة الدولية جميع المنشآت النووية في المنطقة، ومنها منشآت الكيان الصهيوني [… …]\n\nوفي الشأن السوري، نؤكد إلتزام العراق بدعم استقرار سوريا ووحدة أراضيها ومنع أي اعتداءات على سيادتها [… …] وندعو الحكومة السورية الى احترام التعددية والتعايش السلمي بين مكونات الشعب السوري واحترام الحريات الدينية والمقدسات ودور العبادة لكل الاطياف السورية.\n\n[… …]\n\nيؤكد العراق تأييده الكامل لعملية السلام في تركيا ومبادرة حزب العمال الكردستاني بالتخلي عن سلاحه ونتطلع الى تأسيس اطار سياسي وقانوني يتيح المجال للعمل السياسي السلمي للجميع في تركيا [… …]\n\nلقد أثبت العراق بعد عام 2003 وطيلة العقدين السابقين موقفه المبدئي القائم على احترام حسن الجوار مع دولة الكويت الشقيقة [… …] لقد أوفى العراق بالتزاماته الدولية ازاء الكويت والمتعلقة بملفي التعويضات والحدود فضلاً عن قطع شوط كبير للايفاء بالتزامات ملف المفقودين والارشيف.\n\nنؤكد هنا على تطلع العراق لبناء علاقات إيجابية ومستدامة مع جواره الإقليمي، قائمة على الاندماج الاقتصادي والترابط الإقليمي ودعم مشاريع النقل المستدام.\n\nإن رسالة العراق واضحة، نحن لا نطلب التعاطف بل الشراكة، شراكة لشفاء أرضنا.. وتأمين أنهارنا.. وتحقيق أمننا وتمكين شبابنا وترابط منطقتنا بدلا من تقسيمها.\n\nلقد شهد الشرق الأوسط ما يكفي من الدماء والدموع والمآسي [… …] هل سنعيش في ظل القانون الدولي ومبادئ حقوق الانسان والعدالة؟ أم نتراجع الى قانون الغاب المهين للكرامة الإنسانية والذي يدفع الى جحيم الانتقام والقسوة والفوضى؟\n\nوفقنا الله جميعا لما فيه الخير لجميع شعوبنا.. والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته..", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:25.192923+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "deea5b07-ff19-499f-944b-a4be8e01dea5", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "e585dad0-71e5-482b-b824-1e5db9d492e9", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Rafik Hariri — Lebanese Sunni PM doctrinal mosaic (Hezbollah-as-resistance defense, Syria-protector framing, BBC 2001)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafic_Hariri", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "From Rafik Hariri (1944-2005, Lebanese Sunni politician and business magnate; founder of the Future Movement; Prime Minister 1992-1998 and 2000-2004; architect of post-civil-war Beirut reconstruction through Solidere; assassinated by a truck bomb on Beirut's waterfront on 14 February 2005, triggering the Cedar Revolution and the end of 29 years of Syrian military occupation):\n\n**2001** (BBC \"HARDtalk\" interview with Tim Sebastian, on the Lebanese government's refusal to hand over Hezbollah members accused by the US of terrorism):\nHariri stated that **\"Hezbollah were the ones protecting Lebanon against the Israeli occupation\"** and called for the implementation of UN resolutions against Israel.\n*Doctrinally crucial: a sitting Lebanese Sunni PM publicly defending Hezbollah's armed resistance against Israel as protective of Lebanon — the Lebanese-mainstream-Sunni position of the early-2000s, framing Hezbollah as a legitimate national-resistance force rather than an Iranian proxy or sectarian militia. His son Saad later modified but did not entirely reverse this framing.*\n\n**2001** (same BBC interview, on the post-9/11 Bush \"with us or against us\" ultimatum):\nHariri replied that he **\"opposed the killing of all humans — Israeli, Palestinian, Syrian or Lebanese\"** and \"believed in dialogue as a solution.\"\n\n**2001** (same BBC interview, on the Syrian military presence in Lebanon — a position he quietly reversed before his 2005 assassination):\n**\"Syria would have to stay in Lebanon for protection of Lebanon until they are no longer needed and Lebanon asks them to leave.\"**\n*This positions early-2000s Hariri as accommodationist toward the Syrian occupation — the stance that prevailed in Lebanese-Sunni-establishment politics until his 14 February 2005 assassination shifted the calculus toward the anti-Syrian March-14 coalition his death helped catalyze.*\n\n*Historical context: Hariri's assassination triggered the Cedar Revolution; Syria formally withdrew its troops in April 2005. The UN-backed Special Tribunal for Lebanon convicted four Hezbollah-linked operatives in absentia (2020-2022).*", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2001-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T09:16:26.968423+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ee9fd7c6-0a3c-4557-8ef9-0745abfb47cf", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000359", "country_id": "SA", "title": "Loujain al-Hathloul — Saudi women's-rights activist statements (\"I will win. Not immediately, but definitely.\")", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Loujain_al-Hathloul", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "From Loujain al-Hathloul (b. 1989, Saudi women's-rights activist, the primary public face of the campaign to lift the ban on women driving; first detained December 2014 for driving from the UAE into Saudi Arabia; arrested in the mass crackdown of 15 May 2018 — weeks before the formal lifting of the driving ban on 24 June 2018; held 1001 days and reportedly tortured; released 10 February 2021 with a travel ban):\n\n**24 March 2016** (clarification statement, responding to government attempts to portray her activism as anti-Saudi):\n**\"Criticising some phenomena in our home country does not equate to hating it.\"**\n\"I remain very optimistic about a bright future for my country and its citizens.\"\n*The canonical Saudi-reformist-dissident position — distinct from Khashoggi's more frontal critique of MBS personally. Hathloul positioned her activism as patriotic reform rather than regime opposition.*\n\n**13 November 2012** (Vocativ interview):\n**\"I am with the uprising of women in the Arab world because I can think and fully practice my religion.\"**\n\n**5 March 2017** (cited by Amnesty International, roughly a year before her May 2018 arrest):\n**\"I will win. Not immediately, but definitely.\"**\n*Her most-cited public framing of activist patience; the Amnesty citation predates her imprisonment by 14 months.*\n\n*Historical context: Hathloul received the 2020 Vaclav Havel Human Rights Prize while still imprisoned. Her case is the defining illustration of MBS's reform-and-repression contradiction — the regime granted the women-driving demand (June 2018) while imprisoning the very activists who had advocated for it (May 2018), the contradiction Khashoggi's columns specifically critiqued.*", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-03-05", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T09:16:26.968423+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d26fe69f-3fbc-4920-94d3-979e6d2c7c11", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "dbeb251e-7b85-4091-8048-1fe01bcc3eaa", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Michel Aoun — UN GA 76 (Sep 2021): last Aoun-presidency UN, Beirut port truth-quest, Akkar Academy, Israel maritime border", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/lb_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة فخامة رئيس الجمهورية اللبنانية العماد ميشال عون أمام الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة الدورة العادية السادسة والسبعين — نيويورك في 24‍ं / 09 / 2021. […] والشكر أيضاً لكل السادة رؤساء الدول الذين شاركوا بتلك المؤتمرات وللمنظمات الحكومية وغير الحكومية ولكل من ساهم في هذا الدعم، وأخص بالشكر فرنسا التي سارع رئيسها الى الحضور شخصياً ومؤازرة لبنان في مصابه، والدول الصديقة والشقيقة التي تساهم بتعزيز قوانا المسلحة التي تكافح الارهاب وتتعاون مع قوات حفظ السلام للمحافظة على الهدوء والاستقرار على حدودنا الجنوبية وتنفيذ القرار .1701 […] أما وقد تألفت الحكومة اللبنانية وفق الآلية الدستورية بعد أزمة سياسية طالت على مدى سنة ونيف، فإن لبنان دخل معها في مرحلة جديدة نسعى لتكون خطوة واعدة على طريق النهوض. […] لقد مر لبنان خلال السنتين الأخيرتين بأصعب أوقاته، بحيث انفجرت في آن أزمات متلاحقة، منها الموروث والمتناسل، ومنها الطارئ، وقد طالت كل القطاعات; فالسياسات المالية والاقتصادية المعتمدة منذ عقود والقائمة على النمط الريعي، مضاف اليها الفساد والهدر المتأتي عن سوء الإدارة، وانعدام المحاسبة أوقعت لبنان في أزمة مالية ونقدية غير مسبوقة. […] في المقابل، تبقى التهديدات الإسرائيلية المستمرة ضد لبنان، الهمّ الشاغل للدولة اللبنانية، وآخر مظاهرها يتصل بالسعي الإسرائيلي للتنقيب عن النفط والغاز في المنطقة المتنازع عليها على الحدود البحرية. […] إن التضامن الدولي مع عاصمتنا ومع شعبنا مشكور، وقد ساهم في بلسمة بعض الجراح، ولكن المساعدة التي تريدها بيروت أيضاً هي في ما قد يُطلبه التحقيق لمعرفة الحقيقة إنفاذاً للعدالة. فعزاء أهالي الضحايا وبلسم آلام الجرحى لا يكتملان إلا بإحقاق العدالة. إن القضاء اللبناني يحقّق في مسبّبات الانفجار وظروفه، وفي المسؤوليات الإدارية، ولديه العديد من المدعى عليهم ومن الموقوفين. ويبقى أن يظهر التحقيق، وهو لا يزال سرياً، من أين أتت المواد المتفجرة، ولماذا دخلت الى مرفئنا، ومن هي الجهة الحقيقية التي تقف وراءها، هل التقطت الأقمار الاصطناعية شيئاً لحظة التفجير؟ من هنا نكرّر طلبنا من الدول التي تملك معلومات وبيانات تساعد التحقيق أن تمدّه بها عند الاقتضاء. […] ولبنان، الذي وضع خطة متكاملة لهذه العودة، يُؤكّد موقفه الرافض لأي شكل من أشكال إدماج النازحين، كما يجدد موقفه الرافض لأي شكل من أشكال التوطين للاجئين الفلسطينيين إنطلاقاً من ضرورة حل القضية الفلسطينية وفق القرارات الدولية ذات الصلة لا سيما تلك التي تضمن حق العودة. […] لقد أدّت أزمات العامين المنصرمين في لبنان والعالم إلى تأخير استكمال الإجراءات المتعلقة بإنشاء 'أكاديمية الانسان للتلاقي والحوار' التي أطلقتها من على منبر الأمم المتحدة في العام .2017", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:18.421306+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "38772809-9de6-440e-a5b2-09d34b9e44dc", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000290", "country_id": "YE", "title": "Rashad al-Alimi — Yemen Presidential Leadership Council Chairman doctrinal mosaic (Houthi-elimination 2024, Trump-redesignation-key-to-peace 2025, Taiz-liberation 2024)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From Rashad Muhammad al-Alimi (b. 4 February 1954, Yemeni politician; Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council (PLC, Majlis al-Qiyada al-Ri'asi) since 7 April 2022 — the 8-member collective head-of-state body that replaced President Hadi by Saudi-brokered transition; Alimi previously served as Yemeni Minister of Interior 2001-2008 under Saleh, then as senior advisor to Hadi 2012-2022; the most senior contemporary face of the internationally-recognized Yemeni government, distinct from the Houthi/Ansar Allah authority in Sanaa):\n\nJanuary 2024 (al-Alimi briefing journalists in Riyadh on the Red Sea crisis triggered by Houthi attacks on shipping in support of Hamas's Oct-7-war):\n'The solution to the Red Sea crisis is to eliminate the Houthis' military capabilities.'\nHe characterized U.S. and UK airstrikes against the Houthis as 'defensive' in nature.\n[NOTE: This January 2024 framing positions the internationally-recognized Yemeni government as fully aligned with the US-UK Operation Prosperity Guardian airstrike campaign against Houthi targets. The framing is doctrinally distinct from Houthi articulations of the Red Sea attacks as Palestinian-solidarity actions; the al-Alimi framing positions Houthi capability-elimination as the solution rather than political-negotiation.]\n\nJanuary 2025 (al-Alimi's response to President Trump's re-designation of the Houthis as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, reversing the 2021 Biden delisting):\nAl-Alimi called the FTO redesignation 'key to accountability and a step toward peace and stability in Yemen and the region.'\n\nAugust 2024 (al-Alimi's first official visit to Taiz, the contested southern Yemeni city under Houthi-imposed siege since 2015):\nHe pledged to 'liberate the Houthi-controlled areas of the city and end the nine-year long' siege affecting it, while announcing infrastructure projects including a 30-megawatt power plant and medical school development.\n\nHistorical context: al-Alimi's 7 April 2022 elevation to PLC Chairman was the product of a Saudi-brokered transition (the 'Riyadh Consultations' April 2022) that displaced President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi from his de-facto-exile-in-Riyadh position. The PLC is an 8-member body designed to represent the various Saudi-coalition-aligned Yemeni factions (al-Alimi as chairman + 7 council members representing different governorates, parties, and military forces). The PLC's authority over Yemen is geographically limited — it controls the Aden-based internationally-recognized government infrastructure and portions of southern/eastern Yemen, while the Houthi-controlled north (including the capital Sanaa) remains outside its effective sovereignty. The Houthi capture of Sanaa in September 2014 displaced the Hadi government, triggering the Saudi-led coalition intervention March 2015 that became the Yemeni civil war.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:27.072268+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "19fdb024-2bca-43e0-b02d-b6236a6c063c", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "country_id": "JO", "title": "Abdullah II — 76th UNGA address — Hashemite Custodianship & two-state pole (22 September 2021)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/jo_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Mr President, Mr Secretary General, Your Excellencies: It is a special pleasure to be part of this General Assembly, as our countries join in a common cause—to act on shared concerns; to be alert to serious global threats; and to move forward, faster, to the world that our people deserve, leaving no one behind.\n\nMy friends,\n\nGlobal partnership is critical to resolving one of the longest-standing conflicts in modern history—the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.\n\nThe bitter war on Gaza this past year was a reminder that the current situation is simply unsustainable. And the suffering we continue to see points us once more to the critical need to keep supporting UNRWA, as it continues to fulfil its UN mandate and provide vital humanitarian services to 5.7 million vulnerable Palestinian refugees.\n\nBut how many more homes will be lost? How many more children will die, before the world wakes up? Genuine security for either side—indeed, for the whole world—can only be achieved through the two-state solution, a solution that leads to the establishment of an independent, sovereign, and viable Palestinian state on the basis of the June 1967 lines, with East Jerusalem as its capital, living side-by-side with Israel in peace and security.\n\nAnd Jerusalem is at the heart of this peace. Billions of people around the world hold this Holy City dear.\n\nFor our part, Jordan will continue working to preserve the historic and legal status quo of Jerusalem and its Islamic and Christian Holy Sites, under Hashemite Custodianship.\n\nI believe Jerusalem's holiness to Muslims, Christians, and Jews can and must bring us together. With international help, the Holy City can be, not a cause of division, but a symbol of unity for all to see.\n\nMy friends,\n\nElsewhere in the region, Lebanon is facing a dire humanitarian and economic situation. Desperate living-conditions are looming for millions—family tables without food, homes losing electricity and water, workplaces unable to operate. In this time of great need, we owe the Lebanese people our full support, to enable them to rise from this crisis.\n\nAnd the world must not forget the millions of refugees in host countries like Lebanon. Jordanians well understand what a serious impact this has. For generations, our country has sacrificed to help millions of refugees fleeing injustice and danger.\n\nMy friends,\n\nLeaving people in need, innocents in jeopardy, and conflicts unresolved plays into the hands of global extremists, who exploit the despair, frustration, and anger these crises leave in their wake.\n\nAlthough we may have won some battles, the fight against terrorism and extremism is not yet over. Our action—collective, global action—remains essential.\n\nTo address the totality of the problem and the need, Jordan continues to work closely with our partners. Through the Aqaba Process, a holistic approach, we have helped bring together concerned leaders, to coordinate, exchange best practices, develop new strategies, and more.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:32.624312+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9b67281a-acb1-4920-8ffa-04c85448074f", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "President Mahmoud Abbas address to the 76th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2021 — the one-year ultimatum speech (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/ps_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "H.E. Mr. Abdullah Shahid, President of the United Nations General Assembly, H.E. Mr. António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Excellencies Heads of Delegations and Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nThis year marks the 73rd anniversary of the Nakba. More than half the Palestinian people were uprooted from their land and deprived of their property in that time. Myself, my family and many others still possess the deeds to our land. These deeds are registered as part of the United Nations' records.\n\nHere is that deed, and many Palestinians carry theirs, as they still hold onto the keys of their houses to this day. We have not been able to recover our properties due to Israeli laws that disregard international law and violate United Nations resolutions, which affirm the right of the Palestine refugees to return to their homeland and to recover their properties and receive just compensation, most notably as enshrined in General Assembly resolution 194 (III).\n\nContravening those rights, Israel, the occupying Power, enacts laws and holds court hearings to unlawfully and forcibly displace Palestinians from Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan in Jerusalem, which can only be characterized under international law as ethnic cleansing, which is rejected by our people and the international community as a whole and constitutes a crime under international law.\n\nThis year also marks the passing of 54 years since Israel's military occupation of the rest of the Palestinian territory in the West Bank, including, East Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip in 1967. This occupation persists despite having concluded an agreement of principles — known as the 'Oslo Agreement' — to achieve peace and mutual recognition with Israel in 1993.\n\nTo those who claim there is no Palestinian partner for peace and that we do not 'miss an opportunity to miss an opportunity', I challenge them to demonstrate that we have rejected even once a genuine and serious initiative to achieve peace, and I accept the judgement of the world in this regard.\n\n[… detail on 1948 massacres, prisoners/martyrs assistance defense, double standards on curriculum elided…]\n\nThere are still some countries that refuse to acknowledge the reality that Israel is an occupying Power, practicing apartheid and ethnic cleansing. These countries proudly state that they have shared values with Israel, what shared values are you referring to? This has emboldened Israel, only furthering its arrogance and allowing it to reject and violate all UN resolutions.\n\nAt the same time, there are those who demand from the Palestinian people and institutions, who believe in the culture of peace and the rule of law, to provide explanations and justifications to demonstrate they do not incite hatred and promote violence. For example, we have to explain and justify what appears in our curriculum, which reflects our narrative and national identity, while no one is demanding to review the Israeli curriculum and media, so the world can see the real incitement by Israeli institutions. We reject these double standards.\n\nWhy should we have to clarify and justify providing assistance to families of prisoners and martyrs who are the victims of the occupation and its oppressive policies? We cannot abandon our people and we will continue striving to free all our prisoners.\n\n[… PLO sole-representative + Jerusalem-elections paragraphs elided…]\n\nThis is a moment of truth with the occupying Power. We are at a crossroads. We have had enough. This situation cannot continue and our people cannot endure it any longer. I have dedicated my life to achieving peace and chose the path of peaceful, legal and diplomatic work in international fora. We have extended our hands time and time again for peace and still we cannot find a partner in Israel that believes in and accepts the two-State solution.\n\nThe leaders of Israel no longer feel any shame while stating their blunt opposition to this solution that is supported by global consensus. I warn that undermining the two-State solution based on international law and UN resolutions will open the way for other alternatives imposed on us by the situation on the ground.\n\nOur people will not surrender to the reality of occupation and its illegal policies and practices. They will pursue their just struggle to fulfill their right to self-determination, and options are available, including returning to a solution based on the partition plan of resolution 181 (II) adopted in 1947 which gives the State of Palestine 44% of the land, double the space provided for on the 1967 borders. We remind everyone that Israel seized by military force half of the land dedicated to the State of Palestine in 1948, which is a solution in conformity with international legitimacy.\n\nIf the Israeli occupation authorities continue to entrench the reality of one apartheid state as is happening today, our Palestinian people and the entire world will not tolerate such a situation and circumstances on the ground will inevitably impose equal and full political rights for all on the land of historical Palestine, within one State. In all cases, Israel has to choose. These are the options, and it has to choose.\n\n[… international protection mechanism call elided…]\n\nTo ensure our initiative is not open-ended, we must state that Israel, the occupying Power, has one year to withdraw from the Palestinian territory it occupied in 1967, including East Jerusalem, and we are ready to work throughout this year on the delineation of borders and solving all final status issues under the auspices of the international Quartet and in accordance with United Nations resolutions. If this is not achieved, why maintain recognition of Israel based on the 1967 borders? Why maintain this recognition?\n\nMoreover, in this regard, we will go to the International Court of Justice as the supreme international judicial body, on the issue of the legality of the occupation of the land of the Palestinian state and the relevant obligations for the United Nations and States around the world in this regard and all will have to respect the conclusions of the Court. Colonialism and apartheid are prohibited under international law and they are crimes that must be confronted and a regime that needs to be dismantled.\n\n[… closing solidarity passages elided…]\n\nI say to Israel's leaders: do not oppress and corner the Palestinian people and deprive them of dignity and their right to their land and State as you will destroy everything. Our patience and the patience of our people have limits. I reiterate yet again that the Palestinian people will defend their existence and identity and will not kneel or surrender, they will not leave and will remain on their land defending it, defending their fate and pursuing their great journey towards ending the occupation. We say once more: this is our land, our Jerusalem, our Palestinian identity, and we shall defend it until the occupier leaves, as the future belongs to us and you cannot claim peace and security for yourselves alone. Let us be.\n\nPeace be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:38.951403+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "dbbb5601-7035-4653-8b5b-8ab2a8e48f20", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "0599c334-cdb6-4104-8bb0-5012b51dd9b3", "country_id": "LY", "title": "Libya — al-Menfi statement to the 79th UN General Assembly (25 Sep 2024, Presidential Council Chair)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ly_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "عانت ليبيا على مدى أكثر من عقد من الزمن مراحل انتقالية متعاقبة، شابتها العديد من الصراعات والحروب غير المبررة بين الاشقاء، والتي غذّتها تدخلات خارجية تسعى إلى إضعاف الدولة والسيطرة على مواردها. إلا أن الانقسام المؤسسي الناتج عن العرقلة الممنهجة لبعض الاطراف السياسية أدى إلى تفاقم الأزمة، من خلق أجسام موازية إلى استخدام موارد الدولة كأداة للضغط السياسي.\n\nإن الحل السياسي الشامل بمساراته المالية والاقتصادية والأمنية، إضافة لمسار المصالحة الوطنية، هو السبيل الوحيد لتوحيد المؤسسات وضمان الاستقرار وصولاً إلي الانتخابات. ونؤمن بأن الشعب الليبي هو صاحب الحق في تحديد مصيره واختيار من يحكمه.\n\nما يرتكبه الاحتلال الإسرائيلي من جرائم إبادة وتطهير عرقي ضد الشعب الفلسطيني واللبناني يمثل انتهاكًا صارخًا للقوانين الدولية، ونشير إلى انضمام ليبيا إلى جنوب إفريقيا في القضية المرفوعة أمام المحكمة بخصوص الكيان الإسرائيلي.\n\nأدعوكم للتشبث بوحدتنا الوطنية، ونفضِ التدخلات الخارجية التي تهدف إلى تقويض مساعينا.", "content_translated_en": "Libya has suffered, over more than a decade, successive transitional phases marred by many conflicts and unjustified wars among brothers, fuelled by foreign interventions seeking to weaken the state and seize control of its resources. The institutional split resulting from the systematic obstruction by some political parties has aggravated the crisis — from the creation of parallel bodies to using the state's resources as a tool of political pressure.\n\nThe comprehensive political solution — with its financial, economic and security tracks, plus national reconciliation — is the only way to unify institutions, ensure stability, and reach elections. We believe the Libyan people are the ones entitled to determine their destiny and choose who governs them.\n\nThe crimes of genocide and ethnic cleansing committed by the Israeli occupation against the Palestinian and Lebanese people represent a flagrant violation of international law, and we note Libya's joining of South Africa in the case brought before the Court regarding the Israeli entity.\n\nI call on you to hold fast to our national unity and to reject the foreign interventions that aim to undermine our endeavours. Peace be upon you.", "published_date": "2024-09-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T15:57:23.942209+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "81a943c9-2781-4571-85ad-8f0dae355cef", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Kais Saied presidential oath and inaugural remarks, Tunis, 23 Oct 2019 (mosaic of verbatim quotes; English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/23/c_138496775.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Speaker: Kais Saied, on inauguration as President of the Tunisian Republic at the Assembly of People's Representatives, Tunis. Date: 23 October 2019. The constitutional oath of office, taken verbatim:\n\n\"I swear by Almighty God to safeguard the independence of the homeland and the integrity of its territory, to respect the Constitution of the country and its legislation, to watch over its interests and to owe it allegiance.\"\n\n[Verbatim segments from the subsequent inaugural address, as quoted by multiple durable hosts: Xinhua (23 Oct 2019); Human Rights Watch analysis (25 Oct 2019); Middle East Monitor (15 Oct 2019); CGTN (24 Oct 2019).]\n\nOn terrorism, the existential commitment:\n\"One bullet from a terrorist will be met with countless bullets.\"\n\nOn international obligations and the post-revolutionary constitutional order:\n\"[I will] honor Tunisia's obligations under international law.\"\n\nOn Palestine — the inaugural's most-cited substantive position, reportedly his first foreign-policy line as president:\n\"We stand for just causes, and Palestine in the first place. It is not a position against Jews, we protected them and are ready to do it again, but it's a position against racism and colonization.\"\n\n[On dignity and citizenship, per the Research Media key-notes summary of the inaugural and the contemporaneous HRW reporting:] The dignity of the homeland is the dignity of its citizens; the people's will is supreme; the President is bound to defend it.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-10-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T12:16:55.509994+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9c2dad32-8e2c-4ebc-818f-44967725196a", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000282", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Muqtada al-Sadr — Iraqi Shia populist doctrinal mosaic (anti-occupation, Saddam-as-war-criminal, \"freedom that satisfies God\")", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "From Muqtada al-Sadr (b. 1973, Iraqi Shia cleric, leader of the Sadrist Movement and successor to his father Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Sadeq al-Sadr, assassinated by the Saddam regime in 1999; led the Mahdi Army insurgency against the US occupation 2003-2008; later transitioned to electoral politics and won the largest single-party vote in the 2018 and 2021 Iraqi elections):\n\n**On the US occupation of Iraq** (BBC News, post-2003 invasion):\n\"I renew my call for the occupier (the United States) to leave our land. The departure of the occupier will mean stability for Iraq, victory for Islam and peace and defeat for terrorism and infidels.\"\n\n**On Saddam Hussein** (Asia Times, after Saddam's capture):\n\"Saddam is a war criminal and there are no two people who can argue over this.\"\n*The Sadrist Movement — representing Iraq's Shia urban poor, particularly Sadr City in Baghdad — had a uniquely bitter relationship with the Baathist regime that murdered Muqtada's father in 1999. The \"war criminal\" framing is doctrinal: anti-Baathist and anti-Saddam without aligning with the US occupation.*\n\n**On international silence** (CNN):\n\"I would like to address the peoples of the world, especially the Arab peoples and the US people. Their silence over the violations against the oppressed Iraqi people who suffered greatly cannot be accepted by any fair-minded and zealous person.\"\n\n**On democracy and Islam** (Forbes):\n\"I seek the spread of freedom and democracy in the way that satisfies God.\"\n*Sadr's \"democracy that satisfies God\" framing is the canonical articulation of his pragmatic populist-Islamist position — distinct from both the Iranian Velayat-e-Faqih model (he opposes IRGC dominance of Iraqi politics) and from secular liberal Western democracy. It is the doctrinal foundation of the Sadrist Movement's electoral success.*", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2004-04-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T10:41:41.160593+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "efc08814-189b-4797-8a36-0ce93ac3a0ac", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000284", "country_id": "DZ", "title": "Algeria — Statement to the 79th UN General Assembly (24 Sep 2024, Tebboune doctrine, delivered by FM Attaf)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/dz_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "1- شكراً السيد الرئِيس. نجتمعُ مجدداً في رِحاب مُنظمِتنا الأممية وعالمُنا يمر بمنعطف بالغِ الدقة والحساسية والخطورة، يَكْشِفُ عن حجم العجز الذي أصابَ منظومةَ الأمن الجماعي في ظل النزعة إلى حلِّ الخلافات بالقوة واللُّجوء المُفرط للإجراءات العقابية أحادية الجانب والاستخفاف بالشرعية الدولية.\n\n3- فما يحدث في غزة من حربِ إبادةٍ جماعيةٍ مُتواصلة منذ ما يقرب العام كاملاً، وامتداد هذه الحرب إلى الضفة الغربية وإلى لبنان، ما كَانَ لِيَكُونَ لو أنَّ المجموعةَ الدولية اتّخَذَتْ مَوقفاً حازماً يَفْرِضُ على الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ما قنّنه ميثاق منظمتنا في فصله السابع.\n\n5- ناشد رئيس الجمهورية، السيد عبد المجيد تبون، منظمتنا الأممية بالتعجيل في قبول العضوية الكاملة لدولة فلسطين.\n\n12- تتطلع بلادي إلى تصفية الاستعمار تصفيةً نهائيةً عبر طي آخر صفحة من صفحاته على أرض الصحراء الغربية، بما يضمن للشعب الصحراوي ممارسةَ حقه غير القابل للتصرف في تقرير مصيره بين المملكة المغربية وجبهة البوليساريو.", "content_translated_en": "1- Thank you, Mr. President. We meet again as our world passes through an extremely delicate, sensitive and dangerous juncture — one that reveals the scale of the deficit afflicting the collective-security system amid the tendency to resolve disputes by force, the excessive resort to unilateral punitive measures, and contempt for international legitimacy.\n\n3- What is happening in Gaza — a continuous war of genocide for nearly a full year — and the extension of this war to the West Bank and to Lebanon: none of it would have happened had the international community taken a firm stance imposing on the Israeli occupation the measures enshrined in Chapter VII of our organization's Charter.\n\n5- The President of the Republic, Mr. Abdelmadjid Tebboune, appealed to our UN organization to expedite the acceptance of full membership for the State of Palestine.\n\n10- A representative of a state from this region dared to address my country with vulgar speech wholly unbecoming of such a forum. Such degraded language my country will answer only with polite, refined language reflecting its loyalty to the deep-rooted bonds joining it with the peoples of the region.\n\n12- My country looks toward the final end of colonialism by turning the last page of its chapters that still stand on the land of Western Sahara. We support the UN Secretary-General and his Personal Envoy in enabling the two parties — the Kingdom of Morocco and the Polisario Front — to resume direct negotiations toward a political solution guaranteeing the Sahrawi people the exercise of their inalienable right to self-determination.\n\n13- To those betting on entrenching the colonial fait accompli, we affirm that colonialism is destined to vanish and the legitimate rights of the Sahrawi people will be realized, sooner or later.", "published_date": "2024-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T15:57:23.942209+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "de21e2c3-9e57-4ee6-a83f-637dffae4cbe", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Charter of the Progressive Socialist Party (ميثاق الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي) — creed and internal/foreign policy", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20050908183004/http://www.psp.org.lb/ar/charter.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "من أجـل ذلـــك:\n· يتبنى الحزب الاختبار الإنساني التقدمي الكامل في حقول العلم والاجتماع والاقتصاد والسياسة، ومن ضمنها مبادىء الإشتراكية العالمية وبعض مستلزماتها العملية، في توزيع وسائل الملكية والإنتاج وفي إستثمارها بما يتفق مع مقتضيات الزمن وتطور الجماعة وحاجات كل البلد.\n[…] إن قيام مثل هذا الاتحاد الديمقراطي الفدرالي اللامركزي العربي يوجب الالتزام بالمبادىء والمناهج التالية:\nب ــ فصل الدين عن الدولة فصلاً واعتبار العلمانية أسّاً جوهرياً في قيام المجتمع العربي المقبل، وفي تكوين الدولة وأنظمتها. فلا عصبية دينية ولا طائفية سياسية ولا تمييز ولا تفرقة.\nج ــ إشراك الأقليات الأثنية على أوسع نطاق ممكن دون اعتبار عددها في الإدارة السياسية والاقتصادية.\nهـ ــ يعتبر الكفاح الشعبي في سبيل تحرير فلسطين من الصهيونية حافزاً رئيسياً لحركة التجمع العربي النازع إلى الوحدة. ويرى الحزب أن قيام الاتحاد العربي العلماني الديمقراطي اللامركزي يشكل نطاق ضمان للتعايش اليهودي داخل الكيان الفلسطيني الديمقراطي.\n[…] 7 ــ علمانية في الدولة تحترم حرية المعتقدات وإلغاء نظام الطائفية السياسية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2005-09-08", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:13:05.409633+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6f4d8410-7f88-4c32-ac12-8aa895cd70f0", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000372", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Bennett — UN GA 76 (Sep 2021): Israel PM's first/only UN address, Iran 'butcher of Tehran', Hamas/Hezbollah, NO Palestine mention", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/il_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Thank you Mr. President. Distinguished delegates, Israel is a lighthouse in a stormy sea. A beacon of democracy, diverse by design, innovative by nature and eager to contribute to the world – despite being in the toughest neighborhood on earth. We are an ancient nation. Returned - to our ancient homeland, Revived - our ancient language, Restored - our ancient sovereignty. Israel is a miracle of Jewish revival. Am Yisrael Chai - the nation of Israel is alive, and the State of Israel is its beating heart. For way too long, Israel was defined by wars with our neighbors. But this is not what Israel is about. […] In Israel, after four elections in two years, with a fifth looming, the people yearned for an antidote: Calm. Stability. An honest attempt for political normalcy. […] About a hundred days ago my partners and I formed a new government in Israel. The most diverse government in our history. What started as a political accident, can now turn into a purpose. And that purpose is unity. […] While Israel strives to do good, we cannot lose sight for one moment of what's happening in our neighborhood. Israel is, quite literally, surrounded by Hezbollah, Shia militias, Islamic Jihad, and Hamas. On our borders. These terror groups seek to dominate the Middle East and spread radical Islam across the world. What do they all have in common? They all want to destroy my country, And they're all backed by Iran. They get their funding from Iran, they get their training from Iran, and they get their weapons from Iran. Iran's great goal is crystal clear to anybody who cares to open their eyes: Iran seeks to dominate the region — and seeks to do so under a nuclear umbrella. For the past three decades Iran has spread its carnage and destruction around the Middle East, country after country: Lebanon. Iraq. Syria. Yemen. & Gaza. What do all these places have in common? They are all falling apart. Their citizens — hungry and suffering. Their economies —collapsing. Like the Midas touch, Iran's regime has the 'Mullah-touch' — Every place Iran touches —fails. […] In 1988, Iran set up a 'death commission' that ordered the mass murder of 5,000 political activists. They were hanged from cranes. This 'death commission' was made up of four people; Ebrahim Raisi - Iran's new president, was one of them. (Pause) Raisi's also oversaw the murder of Iranian children. His nickname is 'the butcher of Tehran', because that's exactly what he did - butchered his own people. One of the witnesses of this massacre, stated in her testimony, that when Raisi would finish a round of murder, he'd throw a party, pocketing the money of those he just executed… and then would sit down to eat cream cakes. He celebrated the murder of his own people, by devouring cream cakes. And now Raisi is Iran's new president. This is who we're dealing with. […] Iran's nuclear weapon program is at a critical point. [pause] All red lines have been crossed. Inspections — ignored. All wishful-thinking — proven false. Iran is violating the IAEAs safeguard agreements — and it's getting away with it. They harass inspectors and sabotage their investigations — and they're getting away with it. They enrich Uranium to the level of 60% which is one step short of weapons-grade material — and they're getting away with it. Evidence which clearly proves Iran's intentions for nuclear weapons in secret sites in Toorkooz-abad, Teheran & Marivan — is ignored. Iran's nuclear program has hit a watershed moment; and so has our tolerance. Words do not stop centrifuges from spinning. […] Israel doesn't have that privilege. We will not tire. We will not allow Iran to acquire a nuclear weapon. […] But not everything is dark in the Middle East. Alongside worrying trends, there are also rays of light. First and foremost the growing ties Israel is forging with Arab and Muslim countries. Ties that began 42 years ago with Israel's historic peace agreement with Egypt, continued 27 years ago with Israel's peace agreement with Jordan, and even more recently with the 'Abraham Accords' — that normalized our relations with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco. More is to come. […] At a ripe young age of 73, more and more nations are understanding Israel's value and unique place in the world. Some friends have stood with us since our founding. The United States of America is a long time, trusted friend of Israel. […] Last week this manifested itself with the defeat of the racist, anti-Semitic, Durban conference. […] To those countries who chose to participate in this farce, I say: Attacking Israel doesn't make you morally superior, fighting the only democracy in the Middle East doesn't make you 'Woke', adopting cliche's about Israel without bothering to learn the basic facts, well.. that's just plain lazy. […] A bit of light dispels much darkness. The lighthouse among the stormy seas – Stands tall, Stands strong, And her light shines brighter than ever. Thank you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:19.036444+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "30c09208-dc42-4455-9691-8142163bea6d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000286", "country_id": "SY", "title": "Ahmad al-Sharaa Umayyad Mosque victory speech, Damascus, 8 Dec 2024 (mosaic of sourced verbatim quotes; English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/12/8/hts-leader-al-julani-arrives-in-syrias-capital-delivers-victory-speech", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Speaker: Ahmad al-Sharaa (formerly Abu Mohammad al-Julani). Location: Great Umayyad Mosque, Damascus. Occasion: HTS-led takeover of Damascus and fall of the Assad regime. The speech was delivered in Arabic. No publicly available single durable English transcript exists; the following are sourced verbatim segments compiled from Al Jazeera English (8 Dec 2024) and a contemporaneous Arabic-to-English transcription (the source cited by Wikiquote).\n\n[On the victory itself]\n\n\"By God, goodness is abundant and far be it from God, far be it from God to let this tyrant oppress all the people of Syria.\"\n\n\"This, my brothers, is a victory through the suffering of the people who languished in prisons.\"\n\n\"We have been fighting, and today we have been rewarded with this victory.\"\n\n\"And praise be to God, on the day Syria recovers, God willing, this will be a new victory for the entire Islamic nation, this will be a new historic victory for the region.\"\n\n\"A new chapter in the history of the region.\"\n\n[On the Assad regime's record]\n\n\"The [al-Assad] regime has imprisoned thousands of its own civilians unjustly and without them committing any crimes.\"\n\n\"Bashar al-Assad spread sectarianism and corruption in the country and left it a farm for Iranian ambitions.\"\n\n\"A playground for Iranian ambitions.\"\n\n\"How many dangers we have avoided by not abandoning Syria, leaving it as a farm for Iranian expansion.\"\n\n[On the new Syria]\n\n\"Today, Syria is being cleansed by the grace of Almighty God.\"\n\n\"Today, Syria belongs to all Syrians.\"\n\n\"We [the Syrian people] are the rightful owners [of this country].\"\n\n\"There should not be vengeance. Syria is for all Syrians.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-12-08", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T12:16:55.509994+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2b6ada97-108f-4224-be5a-5ae19de394f2", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Grand Ayatollah Sistani fatwa for defensive jihad against ISIS, Karbala Friday prayers, 13 Jun 2014 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/6/14/iraq-cleric-issues-call-to-arms-against-isil", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Speaker (by proxy): Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the highest Shia marja' (religious authority) in Najaf. Location: announced through his representative Sheikh Abdul Mehdi al-Karbalai during Friday prayer sermons in Karbala. Date: 13 June 2014, three days after ISIS captured Mosul. The single core sentence of the fatwa, which immediately mobilized tens of thousands of Iraqi volunteers into the Popular Mobilization Forces (Hashd al-Sha'abi):\n\n\"Citizens who are able to bear arms and fight terrorists, defending their country and their people and their holy places, should volunteer and join the security forces to achieve this holy purpose.\"\n\n[Context preserved from Sistani's representative, also widely reported verbatim:] The fatwa was framed as \"al-jihad al-kifa'i\" — a sufficient/collective religious duty (as opposed to \"al-jihad al-'ayni\", an individual obligation). The key doctrinal innovation, reiterated in Sistani's subsequent 2015 elaboration, was that the call to arms was directed to \"Iraqis of all faiths\" and explicitly framed in defense of the Iraqi state and its territorial integrity, NOT in Shia-sectarian terms. The 2015 elaboration emphasized: protection of non-combatants (\"the weak among the elderly, the children, and women\"); prohibition of disrespect to corpses, deceit, and mistreatment of prisoners; that \"the Muslim must honour and guard those who are not Muslim as he would with his own family\" (on non-Muslims under Muslim protection); and warning against takfir (declaring fellow Muslims unbelievers) on the basis of doctrinal disagreement.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2014-06-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T12:16:55.509994+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "808860cc-e498-4df3-951b-97af843aecf0", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000260", "country_id": "MA", "title": "King Mohammed VI Throne Day Speech, 29 Jul 2025 — 26th anniversary of accession (Tetouan; English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.ccme.org.ma/en/hm-the-king-delivers-speech-to-the-nation-on-throne-day-full-text/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Dear Citizens,\n\nThrone Day celebrations provide an annual opportunity to renew the bonds of mutual allegiance and the feelings of affection and loyalty which have invariably united us, and which grow stronger as time goes by.\n\nSince my accession to the throne, I have worked to build an advanced, unified and solidarity-based Morocco. To this end, I have sought to promote comprehensive economic and human development, making sure Morocco enhances its status as an emerging country.\n\nOur country's achievements were not by accident. They are the result of a long-term vision, of the pertinence of the major development choices made, and of the political and institutional security and stability enjoyed by our country.\n\nAn emerging country, Morocco is today characterized by the vast, diversified array of its partners. In addition to promoting investment, Morocco is a responsible, dependable partner. As a result, our economy is today linked to nearly three billion consumers worldwide, thanks to the free trade agreements we signed.\n\nThe results of the 2024 General Population Census revealed a set of demographic, social, and regional changes that should be taken into account when preparing and implementing public policies. There has been, for example, a significant decline in our country's overall multidimensional poverty rate, which went down from 11.9 percent in 2014 to 6.8 percent in 2024.\n\nSadly, however, some regions — particularly in rural areas — are still suffering from poverty and vulnerability, due to a lack of infrastructure and basic facilities. This is not in line with my vision for Morocco today, nor does it fit in with our efforts to promote social development and achieve inter-regional equity.\n\n**It is not acceptable for Morocco — today or at any time in the future — to be a two-speed country.**\n\nThe time has come to achieve a quantum leap in our comprehensive rehabilitation efforts at the local level, and to bridge social and regional disparities. I therefore call for a shift from traditional approaches to social development, to an approach that promotes integrated regional development.\n\nIn addition to the commitment to consolidate Morocco's status as an emerging country, I wish to reiterate my resolve to remain open to our regional environment, especially our immediate neighbors and the relationship with our brothers and sisters in Algeria.\n\nMy position, as the King of Morocco, is as clear as it is consistent: **the Algerian people are our brothers and sisters; they share deep-rooted human and historical ties with the Moroccan people.** The bonds of language, religion, geography, and a common destiny unite us. Therefore, I have always reached out to our brothers in Algeria and said Morocco was ready for frank, responsible, fraternal and sincere dialogue on the various issues pending between the two countries.\n\nI also affirm my commitment to the Maghreb Union. I firmly believe that it cannot exist without the involvement of Morocco and Algeria, alongside the remaining sister countries concerned.\n\nOn a different note, I am proud of the growing international support for the Autonomy Initiative as the only solution to the conflict over the Moroccan Sahara. In this regard, I wish to express my thanks and appreciation to our friends, the United Kingdom and the Portuguese Republic, for their constructive position in support of the Autonomy Initiative within the framework of Morocco's sovereignty over its Sahara.\n\nAs proud as I am of these stances, which uphold right and legitimacy, **I keenly look forward, as well, to finding a consensual solution — a solution with neither winner nor loser; a face-saving solution for all parties.**\n\nAlmighty God says: \"Let them adore the Lord of this House, Who provides them with food against hunger, and with security against fear.\" True is the Word of God.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-07-29", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T12:16:55.509994+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a26347dd-e2f6-4ea8-8f98-4cfb62651698", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "country_id": "QA", "title": "Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 23 Sep 2025 — after the 9 Sep 2025 Israeli strike on Doha targeting the Hamas negotiating delegation (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Your Excellency, President of the General Assembly,\nYour Excellency, Secretary-General of the United Nations,\nHonorable Audience,\n\nMay the peace, mercy and blessings of God be upon you,\n\nThe United Nations was established eight decades ago on a set of rules and principles reached by humanity after two world wars. These rules are based on maintaining international peace and security, respecting human dignity, states' sovereignty, and their internal affairs, and fostering international cooperation for the welfare of our peoples and humanity at large.\n\nThe fallback of this international order in favor of the logic of power means paving the way for the law of the jungle to prevail — where the concepts of law and justice become an irrelevant digression, and where those who transgress against others enjoy privileges merely by virtue of their ability to do so.\n\nAs you know, on September 9, Doha came under a treacherous attack targeting a meeting of the Hamas negotiating delegation at the residence [… fatalities listed including a Qatari Internal Security Force-Lekhwiya member], while 18 others sustained injuries as a result of this aggression.\n\nThis attack was a grave violation of a state's sovereignty, and a blatant, unjustified breach of international norms and conventions. However, the entire world was also shocked by the circumstances of this heinous act, which we branded as state terrorism.\n\nContrary to the Israeli Prime Minister's claim, this attack does not fall within a supposed right to track down terrorists wherever they may be, but rather constitutes an assault on a mediating, peace-making state whose diplomacy has been devoted to resolving conflicts through peaceful means, and has been making strenuous efforts for two years to achieve a settlement to halt the genocidal war waged against the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip.\n\nThey visit our country while planning to bomb it; they negotiate with delegations while plotting to assassinate their members. It is extremely difficult to deal with this mindset, which does not respect the most basic principles of human interaction. To expect predictable behavior from such actors is almost impossible. **Isn't this the definition of a rogue [state]?**\n\nNo party resorts to assassinate the very delegation it is negotiating with unless its goal is to derail the negotiations. For them, negotiations are nothing but a continuation of war by other means, and a way to mislead Israeli public opinion.\n\nIf the cost of freeing the Israeli hostages is ending the war, then the Israeli government is abandoning their release. Its real objective is to destroy Gaza — to render housing, livelihoods, education and medical care impossible, stripping away the very foundations of human life, and thus paving the way for the displacement of its population.\n\nThis treacherous assault on the sovereignty of a Gulf state thousands of miles away has exposed that the Israeli prime minister, who boasts of having changed the face of the Middle East in the past two years, truly intends to allow Israel to intervene wherever and whenever it wishes. He has a pipe dream of rendering the Arab region as an Israeli sphere of influence.\n\n**Israel is not a democracy in a hostile environment, as its leaders claim. It is, in reality, a state hostile to its environment, complicit in building an apartheid system, and waging a genocidal war.** Its Prime Minister proudly declares before his people that he has blocked the establishment of a Palestinian state, and he promises that such a state will never come into being.\n\nAnd anyone who objects to this is branded, in its propaganda, as either a terrorist or antisemitic. This is what public opinion — even in countries allied with Israel — has come to recognize and reject. Today, we are witnessing the inception of a global solidarity movement, reminiscent of the international campaign against apartheid in the last century.\n\nWe are firmly convinced that peace cannot be achieved in our region if the international community, mainly the Security Council, does not take a firm stance to shifting from following the occupation's attempts of [exhausting territories] and allowing the Palestinian people to exercise their right to self-determination and establish their independent state with East Jerusalem as its Capital on the 1967 borders, in accordance with the resolutions of the international legitimacy and the two-state solution.\n\nSisterly Syria has, since late last year, entered a new phase that we hope will be the beginning of a path toward realizing the aspirations of the Syrian people for stability, development, and the rule of law, after a dark chapter in their country's history.\n\nOur sisterly Lebanon has also witnessed positive developments with the election of General Joseph Aoun as President of the Republic and the appointment of HE Dr. Nawaf Salam as Prime Minister — this represents a significant step toward stability in the country.\n\nThe State of Qatar, mindful of the gravity of the challenges confronting the international community, reaffirms that it will remain faithful to its commitments to championing truth, building bridges of peace, and promoting justice in international relations.\n\nThank you. May the peace, mercy and blessings of God be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T12:16:55.509994+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "658dd0ca-0b0f-43b2-a94a-e1d2c7cec22d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000286", "country_id": "SY", "title": "President Ahmad al-Sharaa address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2025 — first Syrian president at UN in nearly 60 years (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/sy_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In the name of God, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate,\n\nThe Syrian story is one that stirs emotions, where pain is mingled with hope. It is a story of a struggle between good and evil, between the weak and strong, in which there is support by none other than God or powerful falsehood, possessing all instruments of killing and destruction.\n\nI have come to you from Damascus, the capital of history and the cradle of civilizations. That beautiful land that taught the world the meaning of civilization, the value of humanity, and peaceful coexistence, to become a beacon for the world.\n\nYet Syria, for sixty years, fell under the rule of a tyrannical regime that ignored the value of the land it ruled, and oppressed a kind and peaceful people. Our people endured oppression, tyranny, and deprivation for long years, until they rose demanding freedom and dignity—only to be met with killing, torture, burning, rape, and displacement.\n\nThe former regime waged war on our people with the vilest instruments of murder and torture: barrel bombs, chemical weapons, summary executions, prison torture, forced displacement, fueling sectarian and ethnic strife, and even using drugs as a weapon against both our people and the world.\n\nThat regime killed nearly one million people, tortured hundreds of thousands, displaced around fourteen million, and destroyed close to one million homes over the heads of their families.\n\nThe regime did all this to silence the voice of truth. It rejected every political settlement offered to it and left no path to peaceful resolution. Thus, the people had no choice but to mobilise themselves and prepare for the great historic confrontation through a swift military operation—an operation that brought down a system of oppression that had lasted sixty years with all its backers.\n\nIt was an operation filled with mercy, goodness, forgiveness, and reconciliation. A military campaign that caused no displacement and killed no civilians, crowned with a victory free of vengeance and enmity.\n\nWe paved the way for the return of refugees to their homes. We dismantled the drug trade that had once spread from our land to yours under the former regime.\n\nAnd Syria, through this victory, has transformed from a country exporting crises to a historic opportunity for peace, stability, and prosperity for itself and the region as a whole.\n\nMeanwhile, Israeli threats against our country have not ceased since December 8 until today. Israeli policies contradict the international position supportive of Syria and its people, exploiting our transitional stage and threatening the entire region with new cycles of conflict whose end no one can foresee.\n\nIn response, Syria employs dialogue and diplomacy to overcome this crisis, and we reaffirm our commitment to the 1974 Disengagement Agreement and call on the international community to stand with us in confronting these dangers and in upholding Syria's sovereignty and territorial integrity.\n\n**From the very moment the former regime fell, we set out a clear strategic policy built upon three pillars: balanced diplomacy, security stability, and economic development.**\n\nWe filled the power vacuum, called for an inclusive national dialogue, and announced a government of competence. We strengthened the principle of participation and established a National Commission for Transitional Justice and another for the missing, ensuring justice and fairness for those wronged.\n\nWe are now proceeding toward electing representatives of the people in the legislative council.\n\n**We restructured civil and military institutions, dissolving all previous formations under the principle of ensuring weapons remain solely in the hands of the state.**\n\nThrough intensive diplomatic activity, Syria restored its international relations, forged regional and global partnerships, and achieved the gradual lifting of most sanctions. We call now for the complete lifting of these sanctions, so they no longer shackle the Syrian people or strip them once again of their freedom.\n\nInvestment laws have been amended, and major regional and international companies have already begun entering the Syrian market, contributing through investment and reconstruction.\n\nToday, Syria is rebuilding itself through establishing a new state, building institutions and laws that guarantee the rights of all without exception. A land of ancient civilization and culture deserves to be a state of law—protecting everyone, safeguarding rights, guaranteeing freedoms, and fostering life to flourish while turning the page of a wretched past. We are determined to restore Syria's glory, dignity, and honor.\n\nAnd in continuation of the Syrian story, I declare before you today the triumph of truth over falsehood. \"Truth has come, and falsehood has perished.\"\n\n**Syria is reclaiming its rightful place among the nations of the world.** This announcement is the echo of a great people's will—a people who forged glory throughout the ages, who rose again from beneath the rubble to restore their rights, their freedom, and their dignity.\n\nI particularly thank Turkey, Qatar, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, all Arab and Islamic states, the United States of America, and the European Union.\n\nBefore I conclude, let me affirm: the suffering Syria endured, we wish upon no one. We are among the peoples most deeply aware of the horrors of war and destruction. For this reason, we stand firmly with the people of Gaza, its children, and women, and with all peoples facing violations and aggression. We call for an immediate end to the war.\n\nIn conclusion, the Syrian story has not ended. It continues to write a new chapter, titled: peace, prosperity, and development.\n\nThank you, Madam President.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T13:40:21.674165+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4f39d038-765c-404c-9124-c51768881199", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Abdel Fattah al-Burhan address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 26 Sep 2024 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.sudanembassy.nl/the-speech-of-h-e-abdel-fattah-al-burhan-head-of-the-transitional-sovereignty-council-before-the-ga-of-un-session-79/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Mr. President, Your Excellency the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Your Excellencies the Kings, Presidents, and Heads of Government, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nI address you today on behalf of the people and government of Sudan. Firstly, I am pleased to congratulate the President of the current session and his team, wishing them success amidst the growing threats to international peace and security. These threats have put our organization to the test, damaging the principles of freedom, peace, and justice, and violating international law.\n\nSudan believes in and supports the role of the United Nations and backs initiatives aimed at reforming and enhancing the work of its bodies, especially the Security Council, to strengthen multilateralism, collective security, uphold human rights, and address challenges such as climate change and racially or ideologically motivated terrorism.\n\nThe increase in unilateral actions outside the framework of the United Nations, in violation of the Charter and international law, and the use of political and economic coercive measures to achieve political goals, significantly contribute to destabilizing security, politics, and economies, and ignite wars. Additionally, **selectivity and double standards have become predominant features of international relations.**\n\nMr. President,\n\nYou are surely aware of the scale of the challenges and conspiracies my country, Sudan, is facing due to a war waged by a group that rebelled against the state with local and regional political and logistical support. You have witnessed the extent of the crimes, atrocities, and violations committed by this rebel group against the Sudanese people and the Sudanese state.\n\nThis war began as an attempt to seize power by force of arms but soon escalated into a full-scale war against the Sudanese people and their state.\n\n**Due to the documented crimes of ethnic cleansing, forced displacement, and genocide committed by the Rapid Support Forces militia, this group deserves to be classified as a terrorist organization.**\n\nIt continues to perpetrate all these crimes and, unfortunately, receives support and backing from countries in the region, providing them with money and mercenaries to achieve political and economic gains, in blatant defiance of international law and will.\n\n[Additional verbatim quotes from the same speech as reported by UN News:]\n\n\"A war is being waged by a group of rebels receiving political and logistical support at the local and regional level.\"\n\n\"You've all witnessed the crimes, violations and atrocities committed by these rebels targeting the Sudanese people and the Sudanese State.\"\n\n\"Devastating aggression... has resulted in the deaths of dozens of thousands of Sudanese and the displacement of many millions more.\"\n\n**\"This Organization must shoulder its responsibility, specifically so as to protect developing countries in the face of the efforts by some other States who would like to control our people's riches through the use of force and specifically through the use of money.\"**\n\n\"We will continue pursuing peace, working with all groups who laid down their weapons as well as with groups who still carry weapons but who are willing to respect the Juba Peace Agreement signed in 2020.\"\n\n[On the Sudanese military's character, per UN News:] \"Non-politicized and... very much in favour of the democratic transition.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T13:40:21.674165+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "49ee4285-9c2d-4c2c-9980-55cd2f1b0eef", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Tunisia 2022 Constitution — Article 5 (state-religion clause) and surrounding context, drafted under Kais Saied, ratified by referendum 25 Jul 2022 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/14/qa-tunisias-constitutional-referendum", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Constitutional text drafted under President Kais Saied, published in the Official Gazette 30 June 2022 (amended 8 July 2022), ratified by referendum 25 July 2022. The 2022 Constitution replaced Tunisia's 2014 Constitution and concentrates executive power in the presidency.\n\n**Article 5 (the state-religion clause, as amended 8 July 2022):**\n\n\"Tunisia is part of the Islamic Umma, and it is incumbent on the state alone to work to achieve the purposes of Islam in preserving the soul, honor, property, religion, and freedom — within the framework of a democratic system.\"\n\n*Context: This replaces the 2014 Constitution's Article 1 formulation (\"Tunisia is a free, independent, sovereign state; its religion is Islam, its language is Arabic, and its system is republican\"), which had been the standard since the 1959 constitution and was a self-conscious compromise during the 2014 drafting. The 2022 Article 5 is significantly stronger — it makes the state itself responsible for achieving \"the purposes of Islam\" (maqasid al-shari'a) over five domains: soul, honor, property, religion, and freedom — the classical maqasid list. The \"within a democratic system\" clause was added by Saied 8 days into the public-consultation window in response to secularist criticism.*\n\n**Article 96 (emergency powers)** authorises the President to take \"any measures necessitated\" in case of \"imminent danger\" jeopardizing the nation — a direct continuation of the 2014 Constitution's Article 80 framework that Saied invoked on 25 July 2021 to suspend Parliament and assume executive authority.\n\n**The preamble opens** (English translation per the Tunisia Coup translation host, 13 Jul 2022; with corroborating verbatim from Foreign Policy 6 Jul 2022):\n\n\"We, the sovereign Tunisian people, having reached an unprecedented historic rise starting from December 17th, 2010, in our revolution against injustice, tyranny, starvation, and deprivation of all the necessities of life. We, the Tunisian people, having shown patience and endurance for more than a decade after this blessed revolution, did not relent in seeking our legitimate demands for work, freedom, and national dignity. Yet we received nothing but fake slogans and empty promises while corruption spread even more and the usurpation of our national resources and public funds went on unpunished. **It became necessary, out of our deep feeling of historic responsibility, therefore, to correct the direction of the revolution and even that of history itself.**\"\n\nThe 2022 preamble notably DROPS the 2014 Constitution's references to \"universal human rights\" and to \"equality between all\" citizens.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-07-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T14:59:28.881546+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "65ad031a-a035-45fd-bc48-5cfa7eb74c46", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "country_id": "QA", "title": "Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 19 Sep 2023 (English translation of Arabic original) — pre-October 7 doctrine", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/qa_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful\n\nMr. President,\n\nGod has bestowed a favor on us by living in an era of unprecedented accelerating progress, in which an innovative spirit prevails in the fields of medicine, technology and science in general. The sequent innovations have brought about productivity, prosperity, and a level of communication between humans in a way close to realizing science fiction visions.\n\nAlthough this evolution has enabled us to realize many wishes, yet it has come at a cost for the people of the world, our planet and its resources. Nevertheless, poverty and unemployment rates have also increased, and there is a growing awareness of the lack of justice in wealth distribution, in addition to the dire consequences on the environment.\n\nIn areas such as genetics and artificial intelligence, the possibilities for realizing the well-being of all humanity are increasing. But the gap between possibility and reality is also widening. However, as these possibilities are unfolding in the same era, there are peoples who are grappling with child labor, starvation, unemployment, and civil wars, while developed countries guard their borders against the influx of refugees fleeing this suffering, as if the peoples on earth are living in two different eras.\n\nWe must not forget that there are peoples around the world, especially in our region, who are absorbed by the present tragedies. If we truthfully constitute an international community, it must be our duty to strive towards ending the injustice afflicting them, at least in accordance with what is required by the resolutions of this body, and entailed by international law.\n\nIt is not acceptable for the Palestinian people to remain prisoners of the Israeli settler occupation arbitrariness, and the rejection of any just political solution in accordance with the principles of international legitimacy by successive Israeli governments. **You have to bear in mind that the failure of the international organization to take actions against the occupation provided and continues to provide the opportunity for Israel to undermine the foundations of the two-state solution by means of settlement expansion until the occupation has brazenly taken the form of an apartheid regime in the broad daylight of the twenty-first century.** Even some of Israel's close friends have taken notice of this.\n\nQatar provides political, humanitarian and development support to the brotherly Palestinian people and contributes towards rebuilding the Gaza Strip which is reeling under the siege.\n\nIn the case of Syria, it is not permissible to condone the gross injustice that has befallen the brotherly Syrian people as if it's destiny. The crisis is still awaiting a comprehensive settlement through a political process leading to a political transition, in accordance with the Geneva Declaration-1 and the Security Council Resolution 2254.\n\nIt is regrettable to witness the outbreak of violence in Sudan this year, which has left a dire impact on the brotherly Sudanese people and exacerbated refugee crisis. We affirm our support for all regional and international efforts to facilitate reaching a ceasefire and hold a dialogue between the Sudanese political forces about the future of Sudan, **with only one army charged with protecting rather than ruling the country.**\n\nIn the context of talking about our region, we reiterate our appreciation of the détente witnessed this year, as represented by constructive dialogue and re-establishment of ties between the sisterly countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran.\n\nAllow me to pinpoint the necessity for combating racism and campaigns of incitement against entire peoples, religions, and civilizations. On this occasion, I would say to my Muslim brethren that it is implausible for us to get distracted by an idiot or a biased person whenever it occurs to him to provoke us by burning the Qur'an or by other forms of triviality. The Qur'an is too Holy to be desecrated by a witless person. God Almighty said: \"Embrace forgiveness and enjoin what is right and turn away from the ignorant.\" At the same time, I would say to all those who seek to justify these hideous acts as freedom of expression: **compromising the sanctity of others deliberately should not be seen as an example of the freedom of expression.**", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T14:59:28.881546+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7a5c34a4-b1ba-4cca-8654-d84644010813", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "country_id": "QA", "title": "Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2024 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful\n\nMr. President,\n\nThe blatant aggression that befalls the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip today is the most barbaric and heinous and extensive in breaching human values, international charters and norms.\n\nThis is not a war within the international relations' well-known and common concept of war, but rather a crime of genocide by means of using the most sophisticated weapons against a people besieged in a detention camp where there is no escape from the barrage of aerial bombing.\n\nWe oppose violence and the targeting of innocent civilians by any party, but **after a year of the war, and with all that has been and is still being perpetrated in it, it is no longer tenable to talk about Israel's right to defend itself in this context without being complicit in justifying the crime.**\n\nEvery year I stand on this podium and begin my speech by talking about the Palestinian cause, the absence of justice, the perils of believing that it can be neglected, and the illusions of making peace without a just solution.\n\nThe Palestinian cause will remain lingering in place, except in two cases, either the end of the occupation, or the disappearance of the Palestinian people. However, it seems that there are those in Israel who entertain wishful thinking to eliminate this people. **This occupation has taken the form of an apartheid system in the twenty-first century.**\n\nThe State of Qatar has opted for undertaking mediation efforts in an endeavor to stop the aggression on Gaza and secure the release of prisoners and detainees. It is a mediation amidst fierce war and complex circumstances, during which one party would not hesitate to assassinate counterpart political leaders with whom it negotiates, such as **the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh, who many people feign forgetfulness that he was not only the political leader of Hamas but also the first elected Palestinian prime minister.**\n\nFor us mediation and humanitarian work are both a strategic political choice at the regional and international levels, and a humanitarian duty before being a political one.\n\nOur mediation efforts, in partnership with the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United States of America, culminated in a humanitarian agreement last November. It resulted in a brief ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, the release of 240 Palestinian prisoners and 109 of the detainees in Gaza.\n\nWe will continue to exert efforts with our partners until reaching a permanent ceasefire, securing the release of prisoners and detainees, taking the path of a just solution in accordance with the resolutions of the international legitimacy and the Arab Peace Initiative, and enabling the Palestinian people to obtain all their legitimate rights, foremost of which is their independent state with East Jerusalem as its capital on the 1967 borders.\n\nApart from committing a major crime by rigging wireless communication devices and exploding them simultaneously across thousands of people with total disregard for their identity or location, Israel is currently waging a war on Lebanon and no one knows to what extent this war could escalate.\n\nIn brotherly Yemen, we look forward to preserving the 2022 truce and proceeding therefrom towards a comprehensive ceasefire, resolving the crisis, ensuring Yemen's unity and achieving the aspirations of its brotherly people.\n\nAs regards the crisis in Syria, the position of the State of Qatar has been clear, and that Qatar is keen on the interests of brotherly Syrian people hoping that the parties and countries involved in the crisis will be convinced of the necessity for dialogue and understanding to end this crisis in accordance with the Geneva Declaration 1 and Security Council Resolution 2254.\n\nArab countries cannot achieve security and stability without the existence of firmly established states capable of legislating and enforcing the law, developing and implementing national policies. **No state can firmly be established and stable in the presence of armed factions that are not under its control.** These are self-evident and unquestionable matters.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T14:59:28.881546+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1487d724-522f-44d5-8f44-919587e6f298", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "country_id": "OM", "title": "Sultanate of Oman statement to the 80th UN General Assembly, 27 Sep 2025 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "President of the 80th Session of the General Assembly,\n\nThe international community today is confronted with a broad spectrum of critical issues that weigh heavily on the conscience of humanity and require genuine cooperation and collective responsibility to address them effectively.\n\nHowever, there remains another humanitarian and political issue — deeply painful and enduring — that must take precedence in our deliberations and decisions: the Palestinian question.\n\nFor too long, this conflict has persisted. The suffering has grown unbearable, and the time has come to end the occupation, lift the injustice, and restore the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people through the implementation of the two-state solution, which is the only just and viable path toward a lasting and comprehensive peace.\n\nThe Sultanate of Oman is convinced that just peace is a fundamental pillar for sustainable security, stability, and development. From this perspective, the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital must be at the forefront of strategic priorities in the pursuit of just and lasting peace in the Middle East. In this context, the recognition of the State of Palestine stands as the most crucial step in this critical phase of the Palestinian cause.\n\nOman expresses its deep appreciation to the governments that have taken this important step — one that reinforces respect for international law and aligns with the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Recognizing Palestine also reflects the international community's commitment to the two-state solution, as outlined in UN resolutions, the outcomes of the Two-State Solution Conference, and the **New York Declaration** under the auspices of the United Nations.\n\nOman remains firmly committed to its consistent policy of working toward peace and security in the region. It has a record of notable initiatives and achievements in this regard, and it continues to engage constructively with all parties and partners in pursuit of this noble goal, for the benefit of all.\n\nYet, despite the many calls from the international community, Israel continues to disregard international appeals, refusing to engage in serious dialogue that could lead to a just and comprehensive solution. Its continued use of force and disregard for reason threaten the credibility of the international system.\n\nTherefore, our shared responsibility demands that we intensify our efforts and apply effective pressure to bring Israel to the negotiating table, and to make it clear that the path to peace cannot be forged through coercion or the imposition of facts on the ground.\n\n**The Sultanate of Oman calls upon the international community to adopt measures that limit the Israeli government's ability to continue its policies of genocide, destruction, and illegal occupation of Palestinian land**, and its ongoing policies of starvation and blockade against the Palestinian people and the obstruction of humanitarian aid.\n\nFrom this very podium, **Oman calls for a global peaceful campaign to lift the siege and the injustice imposed on the Palestinian people, and to secure their freedom through the establishment of an independent and sovereign Palestinian state.**\n\nRooted in its unwavering principles of supporting peace, regional stability, and its categorical rejection of any violation of state sovereignty, the Sultanate of Oman reaffirms its solidarity with the State of Qatar, supporting its right to take the necessary measures to protect its security and sovereignty. We renew our condemnation of the Israeli aggression against Qatar on 9 September of this year.\n\nWe also renew our condemnation of Israeli aggressions against Iran, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, and Tunisia, and **we call for sanctions to be imposed on Israel in response to its blatant violations of international law and its unlawful encroachments on the sovereignty of states.**\n\nThe international community — particularly the Permanent Members of the Security Council — must empower the Secretary-General of the United Nations to fulfill his mandate in line with the purposes of the UN Charter, particularly in the areas of international peace and security.\n\nThe world today is undergoing one of the most complex and difficult periods in modern history, marked by an unprecedented convergence of global crises — political, economic, and humanitarian.\n\nLet us, in this General Assembly, reaffirm our collective and genuine commitment to international law, international humanitarian law, and the enduring principles of the United Nations Charter.\n\nThank you for your attention and kind listening. Peace, mercy, and God's blessings be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T15:47:04.084662+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4398c494-8962-4f09-9a4f-d989b036b032", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "country_id": "AE", "title": "UAE statement to the 80th UN General Assembly, delivered by Minister of State Lana Zaki Nusseibeh, 27 Sep 2025 (English; UAE institutional position under MBZ)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/ae_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Madam President,\n\nToday, the world is marked by turmoil, conflict, and humanitarian crises. Threats to state sovereignty, proliferation risks and extremist ideologies persist, undermining the foundations of stability and development.\n\nAmidst these challenges, my country has chosen the path of prudence and de-escalation, leveraging its capabilities to build bridges, prevent conflicts, and place the interests of humanity above all. We have sought to strengthen the mechanisms for international cooperation and multilateralism, as well as the norms and principles of the UN Charter and international law. In doing so, the UAE promotes the principles of good neighbourliness and respect for sovereignty of states.\n\nMy country has also championed genuine humanitarian diplomacy, aimed at preserving the dignity of individuals in the most difficult circumstances. We have sought to bridge divides; facilitating the exchange of thousands of prisoners between Russia and Ukraine, hosting peace talks between Azerbaijan and Armenia, and undertaking efforts to de-escalate tensions in South Asia and beyond.\n\nThere is no doubt that what we are witnessing today in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is not only a result of, but serves extremists and warmongers efforts, who seek to undermine the path to a peaceful resolution. Nothing can justify targeting tens of thousands of civilians, or besieging, starving and forcibly displacing hundreds of thousands; nor can anything excuse the pursuit of unacceptable expansionist ambitions, including the threat of annexing the West Bank.\n\nSimilarly, there is no justification for the taking of hostages or the targeting of civilians in conflict. International law, including international humanitarian law, must be respected.\n\nThis situation also cannot serve as an excuse to attack countries in the region. **Israel's treacherous and reprehensible attack against the State of Qatar constituted a flagrant violation of its territorial integrity and of the security of the Arabian Gulf region, as well as a breach of the most fundamental principles of international law.** Aggression will not bring stability to the region.\n\nMy country has always believed in the centrality of the two-State solution and the realization of an independent, sovereign Palestinian State, with East Jerusalem as its capital, living side by side with the State of Israel, in security, peace and prosperity. This is a fundamental requirement for achieving a permanent, just, and comprehensive solution to this issue — with **a Palestinian State capable of fulfilling the aspirations of the Palestinian people, restricting the use of weapons, and ensuring security, stability, and the rule of law, with no place for terrorist and extremist groups.**\n\nMy country welcomes the growing recognition of the State of Palestine. We invite others to follow this approach as an investment in a better future for the region.\n\nOur first and most urgent demands remain an immediate and permanent ceasefire in Gaza, ending the siege on Gaza, releasing the hostages and detainees, and urgent, unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid at-scale. The UAE continues its role as the largest donor of aid to Gaza, mobilising all its relations, resources, and capabilities to this end.\n\nAs part of our commitment to prioritizing diplomatic solutions and justice in the international system, my country continues to place the dispute of the three occupied Emirati islands in the Arabian Gulf — Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa — at the forefront of its national priorities. We continue to call on Iran to end its occupation of these islands, which are an integral part of UAE territory, as well as to respond to our repeated calls to resolve this dispute through direct negotiations or by resorting to the International Court of Justice.\n\nWe also reiterate here our full support for Moroccan sovereignty over the Moroccan Sahara and endorse the Autonomy Initiative within the framework of Moroccan territorial integrity.\n\nThe brutal scene unfolding in Gaza is not the only crisis engulfing our region. In Sudan, people are experiencing immense human suffering and famine. My country stands with the Sudanese people, supporting their aspirations to end this civil war and its profound humanitarian consequences.\n\nSustainable peace cannot be achieved through military solutions. **A transitional process must be pursued in Sudan, leading to an independent civilian government, one that is not controlled by any of the warring parties, and which denies space to extremism and terrorism.**\n\nIn conclusion, at a time when our international institutions are weakened and the principles of international law are undermined, we must live up to our shared responsibility to ensure the continuity of our international system, to restore its credibility, and to secure a better future for generations to come.\n\nThank you, Madam President.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-08T15:47:04.084662+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "87109a52-3ca7-4d74-be8c-d19e56b1aa37", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "8c20300e-58b0-45bb-9211-f4e33f6dc34e", "country_id": "MA", "title": "Akhannouch — UN GA 77 (Sep 2022): Morocco PM, autonomy plan, Algeria-named accusations on Tindouf", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/ma_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة معالي السيد عزيز أخنوش، رئيس حكومة المملكة المغربية أمام المناقشة العامة للدورة 77 للجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة — نيويورك، الثلاثاء 20 شتنبر 2022. […] تعتبر القارة الإفريقية الأكثر تضررا من تداعيات الوضعية الاقتصادية الصعبة التي أنتجتها الأزمة الجيوسياسية العالمية، حيث تتحمل العبئ الأكبر جراء ارتفاع أسعار المواد الغذائية والطاقية. […] وفي إطار التزامه الدائم بحفظ السلم، أعطى جلالة الملك محمد السادس، نصره الله، بمناسبة الذكرى 66 لتأسيس القوات المسلحة الملكية، تعليماته السامية لإنشاء مركز مغربي لحفظ السلام متعدد التخصصات. […] تجدد المملكة المغربية إلتزامها بإيجاد حل سياسي نهائي للنزاع الإقليمي المفتعل حول الصحراء المغربية، يقوم على أساس المبادرة المغربية للحكم الذاتي، كحل وحيد وأوحد لهذا النزاع، وذلك في إطار الوحدة الترابية والسيادة الوطنية للمملكة. وتحظى هذه المبادرة الجادة والواقعية، منذ تقديمها عام 2007، بدعم مجلس الأمن وأكثر من 90 دولة. […] وتعتبر مشاركة الجزائر بجدية وبحسن نية في مسلسل الموائد المستديرة، بقدر مسؤوليتها الثابتة في خلق واستمرار هذا النزاع المفتعل، الشرط الأساسي للتوصل لتسوية سياسية نهائية لهذه القضية. كما تعرب المملكة المغربية من جديد عن بالغ قلقها إزاء الوضع الإنساني الكارثي وغياب حكم القانون الذي يعيشه سكان مخيمات تندوف، حيث فوضت الجزائر، في انتهاك صارخ للقانون الإنساني الدولي، مسؤولياتها عن هذا الجزء من ترابها إلى ميليشيات انفصالية مسلحة ذات روابط موصولة وثابتة بشبكات إرهابية خطيرة في منطقة الساحل. وندعو مرة أخرى المجتمع الدولي إلى العمل من أجل حث الجزائر على الاستجابة لنداءات مجلس الأمن الدولي منذ 2011، لتمكين المفوضية السامية لشؤون اللاجئين من إحصاء وتسجيل الساكنة المحتجزة في مخيمات تندوف. […] جدد صاحب الجلالة الملك محمد السادس لفخامة السيد محمود عباس، رئيس دولة فلسطين، في الرسالة التي بعثها جلالته بتاريخ 20 دجنبر 2020، ثبات الموقف المغربي الداعم للقضية الفلسطينية تأسيسا على حل الدولتين المتوافق عليه دوليا، وعلى التشبث بالمفاوضات بين الطرفين، الفلسطيني والإسرائيلي، سبيلا وحيدا للوصول إلى حل نهائي ودائم وشامل لهذا الصراع. انطلاقا من رئاسة صاحب الجلالة للجنة القدس، المنبثقة عن منظمة التعاون الإسلامي، أكد جلالته أن المغرب لن يدخر جهدا لصيانة الهوية التاريخية العريقة لمدينة القدس الشريف، وحماية حرمة المسجد الأقصى المبارك. وفي إطار التزام المغرب الدائم بتحسين الوضع المعيشي للفلسطينيين، قاد جلالة الملك محمد السادس وساطة توجت بالاتفاق على الفتح الدائم لجسر ألنبي (جسر الملك حسين) الذي يربط الضفة الغربية بالأردن.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:19.428893+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "86a3e494-0352-48f8-b8dd-a54e6fbf3f23", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "country_id": "QA", "title": "Tamim — 76th UNGA address — Al-Ula reconciliation, Iran dialogue, Palestinian centrality (21 September 2021)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/qa_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Honorable Audience,\n\nThe issue of conflicts has kept the United Nations busy and placed many burdens on it since its foundation. Unfortunately, the Middle East region is a source of a large part of these burdens. Hence, Qatar considers contributing to the field of peaceful resolution of conflicts, including putting forward concepts of collective security, as one of its priorities.\n\nWe have always been keen to establish an atmosphere of peace, stability and cooperation in the region. As an example, at the Gulf level, our immediate environment, we have repeatedly stressed the importance of the Cooperation Council for the Arab Countries of the Gulf and our commitment to settle any differences through constructive dialogue.\n\nThe Al-Ula Declaration, which was issued by the leaders of the GCC last January, came as an embodiment of the principle of resolving differences through dialogue based on common interests and mutual respect. We are confident of consolidating this concordance that has happened between brothers.\n\nOn the other hand, we see that there is no solution to the disagreements and differences in viewpoints with Iran except through rational dialogue based on mutual respect. This also applies to the issue of returning to the nuclear agreement with Iran. I do not think that anyone has an alternative to this approach, even those who oppose reverting to the agreement.\n\nHonorable Audience,\n\nThis year witnessed numerous Israeli violations in the occupied East Jerusalem, and recurrence of attacks on Islamic and Christian sanctities, especially the Al-Aqsa Mosque during the holy month of Ramadan, and the seizure of Palestinian homes in the context of Judaization and settlement policies. This was followed by a dangerous military escalation in the Gaza Strip, which caused hundreds of casualties among unarmed civilians, and caused aggravation of the already dire humanitarian situation in the Strip.\n\nThe international community bears responsibility for achieving a comprehensive and just peaceful settlement of the Palestinian cause by establishing a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital, alongside the State of Israel, and ending the occupation of Arab lands, and a just solution to the refugee issue. This is what the international community has agreed upon for decades, yet it has not found its way towards implementation despite the risks posed by this issue if it has remained unresolved.\n\nAs a result of this continuous procrastination, there occasionally appear those who believe that the Palestinian cause can be marginalized on the international agenda or can circumvent such a deeply rooted national cause by suggesting ideas such as improving the economic situation of the population under occupation instead of eliminating the occupation.\n\nRecently, the issue of evacuating the residents of the Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan neighborhood, the storming of Al-Aqsa Mosque by the settlers and the Palestinian, Arab and international angry popular response came to reaffirm the centrality of the Palestinian cause and that there is no way to circumvent it.\n\nHonorable Audience,\n\nThe American decision to withdraw from Afghanistan following negotiations with the Taliban constituted an extremely critical turning point for this country. As you know, Qatar has spared no effort in helping to evacuate thousands of individuals and families of various nationalities during the past weeks. This was our humanitarian duty. But the most important thing I want to refer to is that we were confident that war offers no solution and that there would be dialogue in the end. We had acted on this basis when we hosted the Taliban office when our international partners asked us to open and patronize a direct dialogue between them and Taliban in Doha. This position has been proven correct.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:34.39149+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "838905f5-4b5c-4cd0-b49a-ea32501712bc", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "efc65ad5-3f64-4b57-9364-567c28f89b97", "country_id": "SA", "title": "King Faisal of Saudi Arabia — \"Palestine more valuable than oil\" doctrine + \"our constitution is the Quran\" (1964-1975)", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Faisal_of_Saudi_Arabia", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "From King Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (1906-1975, third king of Saudi Arabia 2 November 1964 — 25 March 1975; assassinated by his nephew Prince Faisal bin Musaid in Riyadh 25 March 1975; led Saudi Arabia through the 1967 Six-Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, and the 1973 oil embargo against the US and other states supporting Israel):\n\n**2 November 1964** (Faisal's accession speech upon taking the Saudi throne):\n\"I beg of you, brothers, to look upon me as both brother and servant.\"\n\n**20 October 1967** (in the post-Six-Day-War period of Saudi-Israeli confrontation):\n\"Our constitution is the Quran.\"\n*This \"Quran-as-constitution\" framing has been the foundational Saudi-state doctrinal claim since the founding of the modern Saudi state — the explicit rejection of secular constitutionalism as the basis of governance. Reaffirmed by the 1992 Basic Law of Governance Article 1: \"Saudi Arabia's constitution is the Holy Quran and the Sunna of the Prophet.\"*\n\n**On education** (twin formulations of Faisal's modernization doctrine):\n\"If I were not a king, I would be a teacher.\" / \"Arm yourselves with science.\"\n*Faisal launched Saudi modernization — girls' education was first introduced under his reign, against significant ulama resistance.*\n\n**28 March 1965** (Saudi radio broadcast, Faisal's most-cited articulation of Saudi-Palestine doctrinal commitment):\n\"Palestine is more valuable to us than oil. Oil can be used as a weapon in battle if necessary.\"\n*This 1965 statement is the doctrinal foundation of the 1973 oil embargo. Faisal explicitly positioned Saudi oil as a strategic weapon for Palestinian liberation — a framework subsequent Saudi kings (Khalid, Fahd, Abdullah, Salman, MBS) have all maintained in formal doctrine even when modulating in practice.*\n\n**Response to Henry Kissinger during the 1973 oil embargo** (after Kissinger raised the prospect of US military force against Saudi oil fields):\n\"We lived, and our ancestors lived on dates and milk, and we will return to them.\"\n*One of the most-cited articulations of Saudi sovereignty-and-defiance doctrine against US pressure — positioning the Saudi state as willing to absorb economic catastrophe rather than yield on Palestine.*\n\n*(Faisal's favorite saying, cited in his 1975 NYT obituary):*\n\"God gave man two ears and one tongue so we could listen twice as much as we talk.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1965-03-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T08:14:31.270762+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5e871485-2af0-4c04-b312-8972bd484917", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "dbeb251e-7b85-4091-8048-1fe01bcc3eaa", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Michel Aoun address to the UN General Assembly (73rd session), 26 Sep 2018 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article203142.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In Lebanon, we are groping our way to rise from the consecutive crises that struck us at various levels.\n\nIn security, Lebanon managed to consolidate its security and stability after having abolished the agglomerations of terrorists from its Eastern and Northern barrens, and after having dismantled their sleeper cells.\n\nIn politics, Lebanon held its parliamentary elections according to a law based on proportionality for the first time in its history, which led to a fairer representation of all the components of the Lebanese society. Today, the formation of a government is under way, based on the outcome of the elections.\n\nIn economy, the guidelines of an economic recovery plan which take into account the resolutions of the CEDRE Conference, based on activating the productive sectors, modernizing the infrastructure, and bridging the gap between revenues and expenses in the budget.\n\nNevertheless, the neighborhood's crises still weigh heavily upon us with their consequences.\n\nWith the break out of the events in Syria, the displacement waves fleeing the hell of war began to pour into Lebanon, which tried, to the greatest extent possible, to ensure the conditions of a dignified decent life for the displaced. Yet, their large numbers and their fallout on the Lebanese society from various perspectives — from a security perspective through the increase in regular crime rate to more than 30%, economically through the increase of the unemployment rate to 21%, demographically through the increase in population density from 400 to 600 people per square kilometer — in addition to our limited resources, and the scarce international assistance for Lebanon, makes it impossible for us to keep shouldering this burden, especially that most of the Syrian territories have become safe.\n\nI therefore called for the safe return in my address from this very rostrum last year, and I differentiated between the safe return and the voluntary return; the Syrians who have taken refuge in Lebanon are not political refugees, except for a few; most of them were rather displaced due to the security situation in their country, or for economic motives.\n\nAgainst this background, I reiterate the stance of my country which seeks to consolidate the right of dignified, safe and sustainable return of the displaced to their land, **rejecting absolutely any project of settlement** (tawteen), whether for the displaced or the refugee. In this context, we wish to note our favorable welcome of any initiative which seeks to resolve the issue of the displacement, such as the Russian initiative.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T08:14:31.270762+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "08f8bc18-7d77-4e96-bc55-cc9c33a69cc8", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000610", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Saad Hariri — March-14 Sunni leader on Saudi-detention silence + Assad-as-monster (2012-2019)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_Hariri", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "From Saad Hariri (b. 1970, son of assassinated Lebanese PM Rafik Hariri; leader of the Future Movement, the dominant Sunni Muslim political party in Lebanon; Prime Minister 2009-2011 and 2016-2020, presiding over the October-2019 mass protests that toppled his second premiership):\n\n**December 2012** (after Syria issued arrest warrants for him and other March-14 figures):\nHariri characterized Bashar al-Assad as a **\"monster\"** — the canonical articulation of the Future Movement / March-14 position on the Syrian regime, distinct from the Hezbollah / March-8 alignment with Damascus.\n\n**4 November 2017** (Hariri delivered a resignation announcement from Riyadh, on Saudi state TV, in what was widely interpreted as a Saudi-pressured forced resignation; he returned to Lebanon weeks later and rescinded it).\n\n**28 November 2017** (press conference after returning from Saudi Arabia, refusing to discuss the conditions of his Riyadh stay):\n**\"What happened in Saudi stays in Saudi.\"**\n*The only public Hariri statement on the Riyadh-detention episode — iconic as the Lebanese-political-class refusal to publicly account for Saudi interference, repeatedly cited as emblematic of the limits of Lebanese sovereignty.*\n\n**29 October 2019** (resignation statement amid the October-2019 mass protests against corruption and economic collapse):\n**\"This is in response to the will and demand of the thousands of Lebanese demanding change.\"**\n\n*Context: Hariri is the Lebanese-Sunni March-14 counterpart to Nasrallah's Hezbollah-led March-8 coalition. His alignment-shifts between the Saudi-Sunni axis and Hezbollah-cohabitation realism are themselves doctrinal data points.*", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-11-04", "ingested_at": "2026-06-09T09:16:26.968423+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "38ad6a1c-118a-43bb-833f-5060c65e8b3a", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Arafat UN General Assembly address, 13 Nov 1974 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/9639/speech-yasir-arafat-unga", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Why therefore should I not dream and hope? For is not revolution the making real of dreams and hopes? So let us work together that my dream may be fulfilled, that I may return with my people out of exile, there in Palestine to live with this Jewish freedom-fighter and his partners, with this Arab priest and his brothers, in one democratic State where Christian, Jew and Muslim live in justice, equality and fraternity.\n\nIn my formal capacity as Chairman of the PLO I proclaim before you that when we speak of our common hopes for the Palestine of tomorrow we include in our perspective all Jews now living in Palestine who choose to live with us there in peace and without discrimination. I call upon Jews to turn away one by one from the illusory promises made to them by Zionist ideology and Israeli leadership.\n\nWe invite them to emerge from their moral isolation into a more open realm of free choice, far from their present leadership's efforts to implant in them a Masada complex.\n\nWe do not wish one drop of either Arab or Jewish blood to be shed; neither do we delight in the continuation of killing, which would end once a just peace, based on our people's rights, hopes and aspirations had been finally established.\n\nI appeal to you to accompany our people in its struggle to attain its right to self-determination. This right is consecrated in the United Nations Charter.\n\nToday I have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom-fighter's gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand. I repeat: do not let the olive branch fall from my hand.\n\nWar flares up in Palestine, and yet it is in Palestine that peace will be born.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1974-11-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T21:21:46.092497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "44f6dc8d-9bf9-409f-8d4f-5432763d750f", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "country_id": "AE", "title": "UAE — 78th UNGA address — 'Zero Problems with Neighbours', pre-Oct-7 framing, COP28 launch (23 September 2023)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/ae_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "The UAE declared this year the Year of Sustainability, under the theme 'Today for Tomorrow' to honour our shared responsibility to present and future generations, who deserve to live in a world that is safe, and prosperous.\n\nThe UAE believes that this fundamental premise should guide our approach to the existential challenges facing our world today. This particularly applies to armed conflicts, currently at their highest since World War II, and the increasing frequency and impact of climate disasters. It also includes our enduring efforts to preserve and defend our shared human values in a world dominated by the unrelenting waves of extremism, racism, and hate speech.\n\nWhat is lacking is strong political will, the determination to confront existential challenges and a clear-sighted vision for the future - instead of dwelling on futile divisions and emphasizing differences. These are the true obstacles to joint action. The UAE has seen this first hand, during our time as members of Security Council since last year. Time and time again, geopolitical tensions have held the Council back from reaching consensus on urgent matters, even on strictly humanitarian issues. This is why we must engage in serious discussions on comprehensive and meaningful reforms of the Security Council, specifically pertaining to the use of the veto; the expansion of permanent and elected membership; the Council's working methods and its ability to anticipate and effectively resolve crises.\n\nThe UAE emphasizes the importance of maintaining an international order that is based on respect for the sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity of states. International relations must be governed by international law, including the UN resolutions.\n\nResorting to the use of force instead of relying on political solutions and dividing the world into an 'us against them' mentality is a zero-sum game. This will only lead to more chaos and blunt our diplomatic tools.\n\nMr. President,\n\nThe UAE believes that the best way to resolve crises is through peaceful means. This is particularly important for our region, which is ravaged by weapons and extremist ideologies. The UAE continues to exert efforts to reduce escalations and call for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve differences. We have been focusing on creating a new reality to strengthen economic integration among the countries of our region. This would benefit the economies and people of the region and will enhance regional stability and prosperity.\n\nThe UAE renews its demand to Iran to end its occupation of the three UAE islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa. Our legitimate right to these islands has not diminished and time will not diminish nor extinguish our sovereignty over these islands. We will continue to seek a resolution, either through direct negotiation or through the International Court of Justice. This has been our firm stance for decades.\n\nWe stress the position of the Gulf Cooperation Council that calls on Iraq to take serious and urgent steps to address the negative consequences of the ruling of its Federal Supreme Court regarding the agreement concluded between Kuwait and Iraq on the regulation of maritime navigation in Khor Abdullah.\n\nWe are ultimately guided by the 'Zero Problems with Neighbours' principle. Regardless of how great the challenge, it is critical to restore the legitimate sovereignty of states and prevent extremist and armed groups from maintaining a presence in our region. We must move forward with a vision that promotes peace, openness, co-existence, cooperation, and development.\n\nThe UAE refuses to accept that conflicts in our region are inevitable. We believe that security, stability and prosperity will be restored in Yemen, Syria, Sudan, Libya, Iraq and Lebanon. We also believe in the establishment of an independent Palestinian state on the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital.\n\nWithout eradicating extremism, hatred and racism from our region and globally, these efforts will not succeed. It has become abundantly clear that hate speech and extremism are closely linked to the spread and escalation of conflict. The Security Council acknowledged this fact in its historic resolution 2686 concerning tolerance, international peace and security last June. An important initiative in which the UAE played a prominent role.\n\nThe promotion of the values of tolerance and peaceful coexistence has an impact on people globally. Not only in words, but through their direct implementation. Acts such as destroying a church in Iraq, burning the holy Qur'an in Sweden, or attacking a Jewish Cultural Center in Argentina are all unacceptable actions that lead to chaos and discord.\n\nIn this spirit, the UAE is hosting the 28th session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP28, in two months.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:31.975841+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c39ea4f5-eaae-4104-ac38-7cea3fa8eabc", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Fatah Constitution (Principles, Goals, Method), 1960s (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/fatah/constitution.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Article (7) The Zionist Movement is racial, colonial and aggressive in ideology, goals, organisation and method. Article (8) The Israeli existence in Palestine is a Zionist invasion with a colonial expansive base, and it is a natural ally to colonialism and international imperialism. Article (9) Liberating Palestine and protecting its holy places is an Arab, religious and human obligation. Article (10) Palestinian National Liberation Movement, \"Fatah\", is an independent national revolutionary movement representing the revolutionary vanguard of the Palestinian people. Article (12) Complete liberation of Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, political, military and cultural existence. Article (13) Establishing an independent democratic state with complete sovereignty on all Palestinian lands, and Jerusalem is its capital city, and protecting the citizens' legal and equal rights without any racial or religious discrimination. Article (14) Setting up a progressive society that warrants people's rights and their public freedom. Article (15) Active participation in achieving the Arab Nation's goals in liberation and building an independent, progressive and united Arab society. Article (17) Armed public revolution is the inevitable method to liberating Palestine. Article (19) Armed struggle is a strategy and not a tactic, and the Palestinian Arab People's armed revolution is a decisive factor in the liberation fight and in uprooting the Zionist existence, and this struggle will not cease unless the Zionist state is demolished and Palestine is completely liberated. Article (22) Opposing any political solution offered as an alternative to demolishing the Zionist occupation in Palestine.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1964-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T21:21:46.092497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "b0393da3-3004-4b42-9650-377175c11bc9", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Hezbollah 2009 Political Manifesto (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.hintergrund.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/15-The-New-Hezbollah-Manifesto-Nov09.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The Resistance role is a national necessity as long as the \"Israeli\" threats and aspirations persist. The \"Israeli\" threat urges Lebanon to approve a defensive strategy that depends on a popular resistance participating in defending the country and an army that maintains the security of the country. The adoption of the Resistance choice in Lebanon achieved its role in liberating the land, restoring the State institutions and defending the sovereignty. The Resistance obligates itself to reinforce its abilities and join its strengths to assume its national responsibilities and liberate what remains under the \"Israeli\" occupation in the Shibaa farms and Kfarshouba hills and the Lebanese town of Ghajar. Section 3 - State and Political System. The major problem in the Lebanese political system, which thwarts its reform, development and regular updating, is political sectarianism. The fact that the Lebanese political system was founded on a sectarian basis represents in itself a strong restriction to the achievement of true democracy where an elected majority can rule and an elected minority can oppose. Thus, abrogating sectarianism is a basic condition for the execution of the majority-minority rule. Yet, the homogenous democracy will linger the fundamental basis for governance in Lebanon, because it is the actual quintessence of the spirit of the constitution and the core of the Charter of the co-existence. The consensual democracy represents a proper political formula to assure true partnership and contributes in opening the doors for everyone to join the phase of building the reassuring state.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2009-11-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T21:21:46.092497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d622db82-71cc-4230-8fa1-a356c1dc7a7f", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Morsi 2012 UN General Assembly address (67th session) (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The first issue which the world must exert all its efforts in resolving, on the basis of justice and dignity, is the Palestinian cause. Long decades have passed since the Palestinian People expressed their longing for restoring their full rights and for building their independent state, with Jerusalem as its capital. Our brothers and sisters in Palestine must also taste the fruits of freedom and dignity. It is shameful that the free world accepts that a member of the international community continues to deny the rights of a nation that has been longing for decades for independence. Proceeding from the perspective of defending truth, freedom, and dignity, I place the international community face to face with its responsibilities which require the achievement of a just and comprehensive peace and the end of all forms of occupation of Arab lands. The entire Palestinian leadership has charted a clear path towards the restoration of the rights of the Palestinian people. The Arab world has given it its full support and has also presented a comprehensive peace initiative. On that basis, I assure you of Egypt's full support to any course of action Palestine decides to follow in the United Nations. I say it loudly to those wondering about our position vis-a-vis the international agreements and conventions that we have previously adhered to: we are committed to what we have signed on.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2012-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T21:21:46.092497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "71fb6705-7f7a-4f4f-bc64-3eab4c83e3b4", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles and Policies (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "18. The following are considered null and void: the Balfour Declaration, the British Mandate Document, the UN Palestine Partition Resolution, and whatever resolutions and measures that derive from them or are similar to them. The establishment of \"Israel\" is entirely illegal and contravenes the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. 19. There shall be no recognition of the legitimacy of the Zionist entity. 20. Hamas believes that no part of the land of Palestine shall be compromised or conceded. Hamas rejects any alternative to the full and complete liberation of Palestine, from the river to the sea. However, without compromising its rejection of the Zionist entity, Hamas considers the establishment of a fully sovereign and independent Palestinian state, with Jerusalem as its capital along the lines of the 4th of June 1967, with the return of the refugees and the displaced to their homes from which they were expelled, to be a formula of national consensus. 21. Hamas affirms that the Oslo Accords and their addenda contravene the governing rules of international law. The Movement rejects these agreements. 23. Resistance and jihad for the liberation of Palestine will remain a legitimate right, a duty and an honour. 25. Resisting the occupation with all means and methods is a legitimate right. At the heart of these lies armed resistance, which is regarded as the strategic choice for protecting the principles and the rights of the Palestinian people.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-05-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-07T21:21:46.092497+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "fe168629-8ece-4238-ad88-70669425bd2f", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "President Mahmoud Abbas address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 21 Sep 2023 — 16 days before October 7 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/ps_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In the name of God, the most gracious, the most merciful\n\nHis Excellency Mr. Dennis Francis, President of the United Nations General Assembly, His Excellency Mr. António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nOnce again, I come to you carrying the cause of my people, who are struggling for freedom and independence, to remind you of the tragedy caused by the Nakba since seventy-five years ago, the effects of which continue to be exacerbated by the Israeli occupation of our territory. This occupation that challenges your resolutions that have exceeded a thousand, violates the principles of international law and international legitimacy, while racing against time to change the historical, geographical and demographic reality on the ground aimed at perpetuating the occupation and entrenching apartheid.\n\nDespite this painful reality, and thirty years after the Oslo Accords, which Israel has totally discarded, we still maintain hope that your esteemed organization will be able to implement its resolutions demanding an end to the Israeli occupation of our territory and the realization of the independence of the fully sovereign State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital, on the borders of the 4th of June 1967.\n\nLadies and Gentlemen,\n\nAs I stand before you here, the Israeli racist right-wing government continues its attacks on our people, and through its army and its racist terrorist settlers, continues to intimidate and kill our people, destroy homes and property, steal our money and resources, and detain the bodies of the martyrs. This is being done in full view of the world, and without any deterrence, punishment, or accountability, and the leaders and ministers of this government have even been bragging about their apartheid policies on our people under occupation.\n\nThe occupation government also persists violating the City of Jerusalem and its people, assaulting our Islamic and Christian sacred sites, and violating the historical and legal status of the holy sites, especially Al-Aqsa Mosque, which international legitimacy has recognized as an exclusive place of worship for Muslims alone, including Bab Al-Rahma prayer hall and Al-Buraq Wall, according to a report by the League of Nations in 1930.\n\nThe occupying Power is also feverishly digging tunnels under and around Al-Aqsa Mosque, threatening its collapse, or the collapse of parts of it, which will lead to an explosion with untold consequences. We have repeatedly warned against transforming the political conflict into a religious conflict, for which Israel will bear full responsibility.\n\nHere I wonder: Why remain silent about all the flagrant violations of international law that are being committed by Israel, the occupying Power? Why isn't it subjected to serious accountability, why are sanctions not imposed on it for ignoring and violating international resolutions, as is the case with other countries? Why practice double standards when it comes to Israel? Why accept that Israel is a state above the law? Isn't it time to answer these questions?\n\nFor our part, we will persist with our pursuit of accountability and justice at the relevant international bodies against Israel because of the continued Israeli occupation of our land, and the crimes that have been committed and are still being committed against us, as well as against both Britain and America for their roles in the fateful Balfour Declaration, and against everyone who had a role in the catastrophe and tragedy of our people, calling for acknowledgment, apology, reparations and compensation in accordance with international law.\n\nLadies and Gentlemen,\n\nIn light of the deadlock in the peace process due to Israel's policies, we come before you to again appeal for the holding of an international peace conference, in which all countries concerned with achieving peace in the Middle East will participate. Therefore, I ask your esteemed organization, and the Secretary-General, Mr. Antonio Guterres, to call for and undertake the necessary arrangements to convene this peace conference, which may be the last opportunity to salvage the two-State solution and to prevent the situation from deteriorating more seriously, threatening the security and stability of our region and the entire world.\n\nLadies and gentlemen, in the face of all that Israel is doing, systematically destroying the two-state solution, it has become necessary, in order to save this solution, to call on the Member States of your esteemed organization, each State, in its national capacity, to take practical steps on the basis of the relevant resolutions of international legitimacy and international law. I also call on the States that have not yet recognized the State of Palestine to declare their recognition and for the State of Palestine to be admitted to full membership in the United Nations.\n\nI can neither understand, nor accept, that some States, including America and European States, are reluctant to recognize the State of Palestine, which the United Nations has accepted as an observer State. These States confirm every day their support for the two-State solution, but they recognize only one of them, which is Israel. Why?\n\n[… elections and reform paragraphs elided…]\n\nLast May, I participated in the commemoration of the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Palestinian Nakba, a tragedy recognized by this august organization. Yet, this painful anniversary continues to be ignored and denied by Israel, which is the party that is primarily responsible for this Nakba. I call upon you today to criminalize its denial, and to designate the 15th of May of each year as an international day to commemorate its anniversary, to commemorate the lives of the hundreds of thousands of Palestinians who were killed in massacres committed by Zionist gangs and whose villages were demolished and who were forcibly displaced from their homes, with their number reaching 950,000 people, which constituted more than half of the Palestinian population at the time.\n\nLadies and Gentlemen,\n\nMy message today to the Israelis is that this hideous occupation against us will not last regardless of their ambitions and delusions, because the Palestinian people are remaining on their land, which they have inhabited for thousands of years, generation after generation, as again confirmed by a recent UNESCO resolution regarding the city of Jericho. They cannot leave their land, and if anyone must leave it must be the occupiers and usurpers.\n\nFinally, I address all of our people in Palestine, in the refugee camps, in the diaspora, and in every place in this vast world, with the highest expressions of appreciation and gratitude for their steadfastness and insistence on upholding their just cause and rights, and I pay tribute to our righteous martyrs, our brave prisoners, and our heroic injured people, and I say to everyone: a right is never lost when there is a demand behind it, and victory is ours, and we will celebrate the independence of our State in Jerusalem, our eternal capital, the crown jewel and the flower of cities.\n\nThey see it far away, and we see it close.\n\nGod willing, Peace, mercy and blessings of God be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:38.445675+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ad9e92db-0d16-46ce-9b67-5ff3be4f474d", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "FJP 2011 parliamentary election program", "source_url": "https://kurzman.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1410/2011/06/FJP_2011_English.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "First: Characteristics of the state:\nThe State envisaged in our program is the national constitutional Islamic modern democracy, based on Sharia (Islamic law) as a frame of reference. By its nature, Sharia nurtures aspects of faith, worship and morality, and also regulates various aspects of life for Muslims and their non-Muslim partners in the homeland. However, in some (few) cases, Sharia regulates these aspects through definitive texts with direct relevance and significance. It can also regulate through general rules and principles, leaving details for interpretation and legislation as suits different times and environments, in the service of justice, righteousness and the interests of the homeland and citizens. This is to be entrusted to legislative councils, while the Supreme Constitutional Court is charged with monitoring the constitutionality of resulting legislation. Meanwhile, non-Muslims have the right to refer to their own rules and laws in the fields of family and religious affairs. This State is responsible for the protection of freedom of belief and worship as well as places of worship for non-Muslims just as it protects Islam, Islamic affairs and mosques. Therefore, the most important characteristics of this State are:\nA. The State is based on the principle of citizenship, where all citizens enjoy equal rights and duties guaranteed by law in accordance with the principles of equality and equal opportunities without discrimination because of religion or race.\nB. The State is a constitutional one based on three pillars: the legislature, the judiciary and the executive authority. Each of these works in a differentiated, integrated and co-ordinated manner all at the same time, allowing distribution of responsibilities and authority, in order to prevent monopoly of those by any single entity. This constitutional State must preserve the rule of law by extending and strengthening the rule of the judiciary, safeguarding its independence and working to implement its decisions and provisions, in addition to ensuring that state authorities are subject to and regulated by the law. Any action by public authorities taken in violation of the Constitution and/or the law is considered void and requires accountability questioning.\nC. The State is Democratic, based on the Shura (consultation) principles, which the FJP believes are essential for the foundation of the state with all its institutions. Shura is not merely a political principle governing only the forms of political relations. Indeed, it is a pattern of behaviour and a general approach to managing the various aspects of life in the State, in addition to being a frame of work for faith and a moral guide for the behaviour of individuals and their social relations.\nD. The State is civil and civilian, for the Islamic State is civilian in nature. It is not a military state ruled by armed forces who get in power by military coups, and it is not ruled like a dictatorship, nor is it a police state controlled by the security forces, nor is it a theocracy - governed by the clergy or by Divine Right. There are no infallible people who can monopolise the interpretation of the Holy Koran and have exclusive right to legislation for the nation and are characterised by Holiness. In fact, the rulers in the Islamic state are citizens elected according to the will of the people; and the nation is the source of authority. The basis of appointment to all positions and functions in the State is competence, experience and the honesty. And just as it is the nation's right to choose its ruler, legislators and representatives, it also has the right to question them and hold them accountable, to dismiss and replace them.\nSecond: The nature of the political system:\nOur program deems the parliamentary system (in the long term) is the most appropriate to the circumstances of the country, as it is based on flexible separation between the authorities, with cooperation and balance between the executive and legislative branches. In this system, the President is the head of the State but does not rule, and the Prime Minister carries the responsibility of government, besides Parliament.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-06-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:43.029299+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ae30292b-7c20-4dfc-bdb3-434ecab70938", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000050", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "מצע חד\"ש (Hadash / DFPE party platform) — core text for the Hadash–Ta'al joint list", "source_url": "http://hadash.org.il/matzahadash", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "חד\"ש היא תנועה יהודית-ערבית בעלת ניסיון עשיר בשדה המאבק המדיני והחברתי. לחד\"ש שותפים המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית, התחברות-תראבוט, חזיתות מקומיות, חוגי ציבור ואישים יהודים וערבים. נמשיך לפעול לשלום קבע, המבוסס על כינון מדינה פלסטינית, שבירתה ירושלים המזרחית, בצד מדינת ישראל; להגנת זכויות העובדים ולמען תעסוקה למובטלים; להגנת החירויות הדמוקרטיות; לשוויון האישה; נגד כל צורות האפליה. אנו מדגישים, שישראל לא תוכל להיות מדינה דמוקרטית אם תימשך מדיניות האפליה הלאומית כלפי האוכלוסייה הערבית-פלסטינית בישראל.\nיסודות השלום הם: 1. פינוי כל ההתנחלויות ונסיגת ישראל מכל השטחים הפלסטיניים שנכבשו מאז מלחמת יוני 1967. 2. העם הערבי הפלסטיני יממש את זכותו להקמת מדינתו העצמאית הריבונית בגדה המערבית, ברצועת עזה ובירושלים המזרחית, בצד מדינת ישראל. קווי ה-4 ביוני 1967 יהיו גבולות השלום. 4. יובטח פתרון צודק לבעיית הפליטים הפלסטינים, בהתאם להחלטות האו\"ם. 5. כינון שלום עם לבנון וסוריה על בסיס קווי ה-4 ביוני 1967 והחזרת רמת הגולן לסוריה.\nהפחתה של 50% בהוצאות הצבאיות וביטול כל ההוצאות להתנחלויות; הפחתת שיעורי המיסים המוטלים על העובדים והגדלת שיעורי המיסים המוטלים על המעבידים, הבנקים, חברות ההון והעסקים הגדולים; ביטול של כל ההפרטות; קיצור שבוע העבודה ל-35 שעות; העלאת שכר המינימום ל-60% מהשכר הממוצע.\nהפרדת הדת מהמדינה; ביטול כל חוקי הכפייה הדתית; הנהגת נישואים וגירושים אזרחיים; הכרה במסגרות משפחתיות אלטרנטיביות – חד-הוריות, חד-מיניות ומעורבות; אישור חוקה דמוקרטית שתגן על אופייה החילוני של המדינה ועל שוויון אזרחיה.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2009-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:13:05.409633+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d05a7c08-d831-48bf-a750-65cd64f03762", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000022", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "מצע מפלגת העבודה לכנסת ה-25 (Labor Party platform, 25th Knesset)", "source_url": "https://www.labor.org.il/havoda/knesset-25-elections/24271-havoda-platform-25th-knesset.html", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "מפלגת העבודה המתחדשת מבקשת להחזיר את האמת לפוליטיקה ולהיות בית פוליטי עבור כל האזרחים והאזרחיות המאמינים בשוויון, בצדק חברתי ובשלום. היא מפלגה ציונית וסוציאל-דמוקרטית, המייצגת את החברה הישראלית כולה. מפלגת העבודה מחויבת להגדלת ההשקעה הממשלתית באזרחים ובאזרחיות ולשינוי מדיניות התקציב השמרנית והמצמצמת, לשיקום התשתיות החברתיות והציבוריות: דיור בר-השגה, חינוך, בריאות, רווחה, תחבורה ציבורית.\nנאמנה לדרכו של רה\"מ יצחק רבין ז\"ל, תמשיך מפלגת העבודה לפעול להבטחת עתידה של מדינת ישראל כמדינה יהודית ודמוקרטית, במקביל לחתירה מדינית להיפרדות מהפלסטינים. מדינת ישראל תחדש את המו\"מ המדיני עם הרשות הפלסטינית על בסיס העקרונות של שתי מדינות לאום החיות בשלום זו לצד זו, פירוז המדינה הפלסטינית, חילופי שטחים והותרת גושי ההתנחלויות בריבונות ישראל, ושמירה על הירדן כגבול הביטחון המזרחי. יוסרו המאחזים הבלתי חוקיים.\nמפלגת העבודה תפעל לעיגונו של עקרון השוויון בחקיקת היסוד, לתיקונו של חוק הלאום ולחקיקת חוק יסוד: הדמוקרטיה הישראלית. המונופול הרבני האורתודוקסי והחקיקה הדתית פוגעים באופייה הדמוקרטי של מדינת ישראל. נקדם בחקיקה מסלול לנישואין וגירושין אזרחיים, שיהיה פתוח בפני אזרחי ישראל מכל הדתות, חסרי דת ובני זוג מאותו המין.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:13:05.409633+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "b80b1ae3-d5d9-429a-9b6d-e7664c1b4b49", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Charter of the Free Patriotic Movement (FPM official English charter, 2007)", "source_url": "https://www.fpmlb.org/charter/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "THE PRINCIPLES\nThe Free Patriotic Movement declares its belief that the individual is a value in himself, that people are born and die equal and that they live with rights, freedom and dignity, and they have the right to have different opinions, orientations and beliefs. Its commitment to the World Declaration of Human Rights. Its contention that Lebanon is a sovereign and independent entity based on a social contract approved by the free will of its people. Its affirmation that Lebanon is a special human experience, thanks to its pluralism and its pioneering democratic experience in the Arab world. Its adherence to Lebanon's openness to its Arab surroundings and the world, in a manner that does not contradict the priority of national affiliation, provided that the Lebanese be a Lebanese extension abroad, not an external extension inside the country. Its conviction that women and men are equal in rights and obligations.\nTHE GOALS\nThe Free Patriotic Movement aspires to: ensuring the sovereignty and independence of the Lebanese state; building a state of righteousness based on equality, justice, social solidarity and equal opportunities; establishing democracy as a system of governance and a way of life that guarantee respect for the citizen's basic liberties; educating citizens in order to achieve equality between the Lebanese, and the establishment of an optional civil code for personal status, and the separation of political practice from religion, in pursuit of a secular state; eliminating legal and social differences between men and women; enabling the Lebanese expatriates to exercise their political rights; adhering to the free economic system and individual initiative, within the limits of ensuring human dignity and the principles of social justice; strengthening institutional work, based on competency and accountability; preserving a healthy environment.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2007-09-03", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:13:05.409633+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0a35693a-cbdf-414d-96ed-00b1add0ab58", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "2c4a6484-920f-4ef7-bfa8-70cfa869ff83", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Meretz — 2022 (25th Knesset) party platform, Ch.3 'Security and Peace' (מצע מרצ)", "source_url": "https://meretz.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/matza-meretz.pdf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "3. ביטחון ושלום\nביטחון הוא אינטרס עליון ותנאי לשלום, ושלום הוא מרכיב יסודי בתפיסת ביטחון שלמה. סיום הכיבוש וחלוקת הארץ לשתי מדינות עבור שני העמים היושבים בה הכרחיים הן לשלום והן לביטחון.\n3.1 ביטחון: היעד המדיני העליון של מדינת ישראל הוא קיום בשלום ובשיתוף פעולה עם כל שכנותיה וסיום השליטה על הפלסטינים. סיום הכיבוש הוא מטרה עליונה בפני עצמה ותנאי לשלום ולהשתלבות באזור. מרצ תפעל לקדם בריתות מדיניות אזוריות ובינלאומיות ולא להישען רק על יכולת הרתעה צבאית.\n3.2 חלוקת הארץ: שתי מדינות לשני עמים. הקמת מדינה פלסטינית לצידה של ישראל היא אינטרס לאומי, ביטחוני ומדיני ראשון במעלה. מרצ תומכת בהקמת מדינה פלסטינית בגדה המערבית וברצועת עזה על בסיס הקו הירוק תוך חילופי שטחים מוסכמים ביחס של 1:1, בחלוקת הריבונות בירושלים כך שתהיה בירתן של שתי מדינות – ישראל ופלסטין, ובפתרון מוסכם לבעיית הפליטים.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-10-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:16:02.899188+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7ed761bc-f453-481f-87ad-9f1e9c12abbf", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "71fc4231-77be-4ca7-8a5e-97473f0e9e79", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "7 Principles for New Hope (Tikva Hadasha) — party platform (official English edition)", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20240301095502/https://www.newhope.org.il/en/7-principles/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "7 Principles for New Hope\n1. Israel is Jewish and Democratic. New Hope will preserve Israel as the nation state of the Jewish people and a democratic state.\n2. Fortifying National Strengths. New Hope will preserve Israel's national security and develop Israel's components of power – military, economic, technological, research and immigration to Israel.\n3. Uniting Israel. Improving cooperation, healing social rifts and divides, moving away from divisive rhetoric.\n4. Rehabilitating the Economy. New Hope will encourage a free economy, support small businesses and the self-employed, fight bureaucracy, restore economic stability, create jobs and work for equal opportunities for all citizens.\n5. Launching the Education System. Setting a target to ensure Israel is amongst the top countries in education; granting broad autonomy to schools.\n6. Strengthening the Health System. Providing effective and accessible medical care to all Israeli citizens.\n7. Promoting Judicial and Governmental Reforms. Enact term limits, promote vital reforms in the judicial and law enforcement systems, the system of government and elections.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-03-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:16:02.899188+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "8625ca4d-0c1c-4f67-931c-6a7c8722ce5c", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "PM Benjamin Netanyahu address to the 80th UN General Assembly, 26 Sep 2025 — two years into the Gaza war", "source_url": "https://www.gov.il/en/pages/pm-netanyahu-addresses-the-united-nations-general-assembly-26-sep-2025", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Mr. President, the families of our dear hostages languishing in the dungeons of Gaza, Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nLast year, I stood at this podium, and I showed this map. It shows the curse of Iran's terror axis.\n\nThis axis threatened the peace of the entire world. It threatened the stability of our region and the very existence of my country Israel. Iran was rapidly developing a massive nuclear weapons program and a massive ballistic missile program. These were meant not only to destroy Israel, they were meant also to threaten the United States and blackmail nations everywhere.\n\nFrom Gaza, Yahya Sinwar dispatched waves of Hamas terrorists. They stormed into Israel on October 7th and committed acts of unspeakable savagery.\n\nFrom Lebanon, Hassan Nasrallah had launched thousands of missiles and rockets at our cities, terrorizing our citizens.\n\nIn Syria, the murderous dictator Assad hosted Iran's forces, tightening a noose of death around our throats.\n\nIn Yemen, the Houthis launched ballistic missiles at Israel, while choking global trade at the mouth of the Red Sea.\n\nSo what's happened over the past year? We've hammered the Houthis, including yesterday. We crushed the bulk of Hamas's terror machine. We crippled Hezbollah, taking out most of its leaders and much of its weapons arsenal. Remember those beepers, the pagers? We paged Hezbollah. And believe me, they got the message — and thousands of terrorists dropped to the ground. We destroyed Assad's armaments in Syria. We deterred Iran's Shiite militias in Iraq. And most importantly, and above everything else that I could say to you or that we did in this past year, in this past decade: We devastated Iran's atomic weapons and ballistic missile programs.\n\nHere's where things stand today. Half the Houthi leadership in Yemen — gone. Yahya Sinwar in Gaza — gone. Hasan Nasrallah in Lebanon — gone. The Assad regime in Syria — gone. Those militias in Iraq? Well, they're still deterred. And their leaders, if they attack Israel, will also be gone.\n\nAnd for Iran's top military commanders and its top atomic bomb scientists — well, they're gone too.\n\nIsrael's 12-day war with Iran, which I renamed Operation Rising Lion — that's from the Bible — this 12-day war will go down in the annals of military history.\n\n[…hostages list elided…]\n\nLay down your arms! Let my people go! Free the hostages! All of them. The whole 48. Free the hostages now! If you do, you will live. If you don't, Israel will hunt you down.\n\nIf Hamas agrees to our demands, the war could end right now. Gaza would be demilitarized, Israel would retain overriding security control, and a peaceful civilian authority would be established by Gazans and others committed to peace with Israel.\n\nOf course, you understand that the war in Gaza has affected every Israeli. But I am sure there are people in New York, London, Melbourne and elsewhere who are probably thinking — what does all of this have to do with me? The answer is… EVERYTHING. Because our enemies are your enemies.\n\n[… pop-quiz Death-to-America segment elided…]\n\nWhen will you learn? You can't appease your way out of Jihad, and you won't escape the Islamist storm by sacrificing Israel. To overcome that storm, you have to stand with Israel. But that's not what you're doing. As the prophets of Israel foretold in the Bible, you've turned good into evil… and evil into good.\n\nTake the false charge of genocide. Israel is accused of deliberately targeting civilians. Ladies and Gentlemen, the opposite is true.\n\n[…Spencer / urban-warfare-ratio paragraphs elided…]\n\nThis week, the leaders of France, Britain, Australia, Canada and other countries unconditionally recognized a Palestinian state. They did so after the horrors committed by Hamas on October 7th — horrors praised on that day by nearly 90% of the Palestinian population. Let me say that again. Nearly 90% of Palestinians supported the attack on October 7th. Not supported it — they celebrated. They danced on the rooftops, they threw candies. That's both in Gaza and in Judea and Samaria — the West Bank, as you call it.\n\nYou know what message the leaders who recognized a Palestinian state this week sent to the Palestinians? It's a very clear message. Murdering Jews pays off.\n\nWell, I have a message to these leaders: When the most savage terrorists on earth are effusively praising your decision, you didn't do something right, you did something wrong. Horribly wrong. Your disgraceful decision will encourage terrorism against Jews, and against innocent people everywhere. It will be a mark of shame on all of you.\n\nBut, but, but, wait a minute, Mr. Prime Minister, they tell me. Wait a minute. We believe in a two-state solution, where the Jewish state of Israel will live side by side in peace with a Palestinian state.\n\nThere's only one problem with that. The Palestinians — they don't believe in this solution. They never have. They don't want a state next to Israel. They want a Palestinian state instead of Israel.\n\nHere's the uncomfortable truth: The persistent Palestinian rejection of a Jewish state in any boundary is what has driven this conflict for over a century. It is still driving it. It's not the absence of a Palestinian state, it's the presence of a Jewish state.\n\nGiving the Palestinians a state one mile from Jerusalem after October 7th is like giving Al-Qaeda a state one mile from New York City after September 11th. This is sheer madness. It's insane, and we won't do it.\n\nSo here's another message for these Western leaders: Israel will not allow you to shove a terror state down our throats. We will not commit national suicide because you don't have the guts to face down a hostile media and antisemitic mobs demanding Israel's blood.\n\nLast year, there was a vote in the Knesset, our parliament, whether or not to oppose the imposition of a Palestinian state. You want to guess what the results were? Out of the 120 members of our parliament, 99 voted against. And only 9 supported. That's over 90%. It's not a fringe group, it's not the prime minister who is extreme or is held hostage by extreme parties to his right. So my opposition to a Palestinian state is not simply my policy or my government's policy. It is the policy of the state and people of the State of Israel.\n\nIsrael's victories over the Iranian terror axis have opened up possibilities for peace that were unthinkable two years ago. Take Syria. For decades, the very idea of peace between Israel and Syria seemed unimaginable. No more. Today we have begun serious negotiations with the new Syrian government.\n\nPeace between Israel and Lebanon is possible as well. I call on the Lebanese government to also begin direct negotiations with Israel. I commend it for its declared aim to disarm Hezbollah.\n\nVictory over Hamas will make peace possible with nations throughout the Arab and Muslim world. Our victory would lead to a dramatic expansion of the historic Abraham Accords, which President Trump brokered between Arab leaders and myself five years ago.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:40.421126+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "950f0bf6-0ba1-4d89-b276-0dc29e8057cf", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000048", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Otzma Yehudit party platform — 'Aliya, Construction, Emigration and Peace' (2019; English edition)", "source_url": "https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Politics/Otzma_political_platform.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "We of Otzma Yehudit (Jewish Strength) recognize the demographic problem and intend to tackle head on, with determination and power, the disaster that lies ahead. To beat the enemy, not to surrender to them. To fight for a Jewish State and to win.\nLet us be clear: To wage war on the enemy is not racism, there is no freedom of speech to incite against the State and IDF soldiers, settling the Land of Israel is not occupation, and we will not allow our State to be destroyed in the name of democracy.\nWe will return to the two main Zionist values: Aliya and Building the Land. At the same time, we will work towards the emigration of the enemies of the State of Israel to their respective lands, including both Arab and Western countries.\nJudea and Samaria: Otzma Yehudit will erase the illusion of the \"green line\" and advance the settlement of all of Judea and Samaria.\nEmigration: We are composing a detailed plan that will ensure a Jewish majority and a loyal civilian population, via emigration, transfer of the enemy, an exchange of populations and any other way that will help the enemy leave our country.\nSovereignty: The State of Israel will be defined as a Jewish State, from the sea to the Jordan River. Sovereignty will also apply to and include Judea and Samaria and the holy and historic sites, chief among them the Temple Mount, will be returned to their Jewish owners. Anyone who acts to support the establishment of a foreign entity within this area will be considered as one who is attacking the State's security. Any terrorist activity, or show of support for terror, will lead to the removal of citizenship as well as immediate expulsion from the country.\nPeace: Peace that does not include giving up the State, peace that does not give our enemies the hope of destroying us. Peace that comes from Jewish Strength and Zionist values.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-04-09", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:16:02.899188+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3fe1c27e-d672-4758-ba75-a7e47eaa3e33", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "4fd9c55f-6ba9-437c-84b0-c240db23d3d4", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "להיות נורמלי (To Be Normal) — Noam party principles statement", "source_url": "https://noam.org.il/lihyot-normali/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "הנורמה נקבעת לפי הרוב הגדול ביותר שניתן להתייחס אליו. לאורך כל הדורות, ההמשכיות של העם שלנו, עם ישראל, נקבעה לפי המשפחה. הקשר לעם דרך האימא, והייחוס המשפחתי לפי האבא. התחייבו לשמור ולקיים את כל המצוות והמנהגים של עם ישראל. בשנים האחרונות יש פגיעה מהותית בנורמליות שלנו. אנחנו חייבים להתעורר. לחזור להיות נורמליים. להיות עם נורמלי בארצנו!", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-07-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:18:14.28356+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c7c8b096-10fd-4b70-ba20-4c2481ecca94", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420010230/https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/barnamg-hizb-alwafd/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ثوابت الوفد: الإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع ولأصحاب الديانات السماويه الأخرى حق الإحتكام إلى شرائعهم في أحوالهم الشخصيه. المواطنه هي أساس الحقوق والواجبات. نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله ونرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم. الديمقراطية القائمة على أسس التعدد الحزبيه والفكريه واحترام حقوق الإنسان والحريات العامه وتداول السلطة بإنتخابات حرة ونزيهة تحت إشراف قضائى كامل، الديمقراطيه التي تحميها سيادة القانون والقضاء المستقل والصحافة الحرة والإعلام المستقل. العدالة الإجتماعية القائمة على حسن توزيع الدخل وتقريب الفوارق بين الطبقات. الدور الإقليمى الرائد لمصر في محيطها العربي والإسلامي والأفريقي. الإقتصاد: يتبنى الوفد التنميه الشامله والإعتماد على نظام الاقتصاد الحر والذي يعطي للقطاع الخاص النصيب الأكبر.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-11-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:18:14.28356+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "89930a38-6c73-44bf-9539-cb14341105ea", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000530", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MR", "title": "النظام الأساسي لحزب الإنصاف (El Insaf Party statute) — الديباجة + المبادئ والأهداف", "source_url": "https://partielinsaf.mr/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/nidham-asasi-2026-1.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الديباجة: إيمانا بالله الواحد الأحد، وتمسكا بقيم الإسلام العظيمة وثوابته الراسخة، وخدمة للشعب الموريتاني، يتم تأسيس حزب سياسي يدعى \"حزب الإنصاف\" قوامه الوحدة والتنمية والعدل.\nالمبادئ (المادة 4): التمسك بالإسلام دينا وأساسا متينا للوحدة الوطنية ومصدرا وحيدا للتشريع وذلك بوصفه دين التقدم والوسطية والتسامح والاعتدال؛ التشبث بدولة القانون وقيم الجمهورية على أساس المواطنة كمعيار أوحد؛ التعلق بالدستور واحترام الديمقراطية التعددية والتناوب السلمي على السلطة والدفاع عن الحقوق والحريات الفردية والجماعية؛ الرفض المطلق لكافة أشكال الظلم والتمييز؛ التمسك بالانتماء الحضاري الإسلامي والعربي والإفريقي.\nالأهداف (المادة 5): ترسيخ مفهوم الدولة المدنية والمواطنة كبديل عن الانتماءات الضيقة؛ ترسيخ العدالة الاجتماعية؛ حماية وتجذير الديمقراطية وضمان الفصل بين السلطات؛ محاربة الفساد؛ ضمان وحماية الملكية الفردية وحرية المبادرة في إطار احترام المصلحة العامة؛ المساهمة في بناء المغرب العربي والأمة العربية والوحدة الإفريقية والأمة الإسلامية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-12-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:18:14.28356+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "b2f82d69-7e78-45ac-aa17-b5667059665b", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "ميثاق حركة المحرومين (Charter of the Movement of the Deprived) — founding charter of the Amal Movement", "source_url": "https://amal-movement.org/?page_id=3828", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "البعد الأول – الإيمان بالله: إن حركة المحرومين تنطلق من الإيمان بالله، كما تعتمد على أساس الإيمان بالإنسان بوجوده وحريته وكرامته.\nالبعد الثالث – الحرية ومحاربة الظلم: تؤمن بالحرية الكاملة للمواطن، وتحارب كافة أنواع الظلم من استبداد وإقطاع وتسلط، وتعتبر أن نظام الطائفية السياسية في لبنان لم يعط ثماره، وهو الآن يمنع التطور السياسي ويجمد المؤسسات الوطنية ويصنف المواطنين.\nالبعد الرابع – العدالة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية: ترفض الظلم الاقتصادي وأسبابه من احتكار واستثمار الإنسان لأخيه الإنسان والربا. والعدالة الاجتماعية الشاملة هي أولى واجبات الدولة.\nالبعد الخامس – الوطنية والقومية: حركة وطنية تتمسك بالسيادة الوطنية، وتعتبر أن تحرير الأرض العربية من صميم التزاماتها.\nالبعد السادس – القضية الفلسطينية: فلسطين في صلب حركتنا، والسعي لتحريرها أولى واجباتنا، والصهيونية تشكل الخطر الفعلي على لبنان.\nالبعد السابع: إنها ليست حركة طائفية، إنها حركة المحرومين جميعا.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1976-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:20:49.732414+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e45dd068-f206-4947-a778-12a0478be61c", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Kataeb Party — 'A Lebanese Vision: 178 Steps Towards a Better Lebanon' (2022 program, English edition)", "source_url": "https://www.lebanesekataeb.com/uploads/files/Kataeb-Election-Program-2022-Eng-Web.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Sovereignty is a constituent principle of the State. The institutions of the Lebanese state fell under the grip of Hezbollah, which controls the sovereignty aspects, launches drones independently from the legitimate Lebanese armed forces, and has been engaged in regional cross-border conflicts at the service of the Iranian agenda, leaving Lebanon isolated and sanctioned.\nDefense and National Security: deploying the army along all the Lebanese borders including the Palestinian camps; completing the armament of the Lebanese army; implementing UN resolutions 1559, 1680 and 1701 restricting arms to the legitimate Lebanese armed forces, and returning to the armistice agreement with Israel; preventing any Lebanese citizen from participating in hostile acts outside Lebanon.\nForeign Policy: adding to the constitution a clause stipulating Lebanon's permanent neutrality; reviewing Lebanese-Syrian treaties and abolishing the bilateral Security and Defense treaty; an amnesty for the Lebanese who left to Israel; bolstering the Arab Peace Initiative (Beirut 2002) and the Palestinian right of return while rejecting their naturalization. Elsewhere: a civil state, abolishing art censorship, decriminalizing homosexuality, abolishing the death penalty, a 30% gender quota.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-04-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:20:49.732414+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "8fde6c03-b843-4026-b7d7-8de42e8be183", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000303", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "About KDP — party definition, principles & goals (National / Patriotic / Regional)", "source_url": "https://www.kdp-fro.krd/aboutkdpen", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) is a democratic and patriotic party who believes in human rights, social justice and individual freedom. The party believes in the Kurdish and other nations' right to self determination through democratic and peaceful means, benefiting from Mustafa Barzani's patriotic legacy.\nNational Goals: internationalizing the Kurdish issue; returning detached areas to the Kurdistan Region per Article 140 of the federal Iraqi constitution; defending the rights of all Kurds.\nPatriotic Goals: building a civil society governed by law with equal opportunities, political pluralism and peaceful transfer of power; establishing a federal parliamentary democratic system in Iraq guaranteeing full citizenship; guaranteeing the national, cultural and administrative rights of Turkmen, Chaldeans, Assyrians and Armenians; guaranteeing every religious and sectarian component's right to practice its rituals.\nRegional and International Goals: friendly relations with neighbouring countries on mutual interest, good neighbourhood and non-interference; adhering to the United Nations and international treaties.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2010-12-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:20:49.732414+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ac1f8444-d066-4ee3-9550-605935d136bf", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000123", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "Manifesto of Independence of Morocco (Manifeste de l'Indépendance), 11 January 1944", "source_url": "https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ma1944.htm", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "Considérant que le Maroc a toujours constitué un État libre et souverain, et qu'il a conservé son indépendance pendant treize siècles jusqu'au moment où un régime de protectorat lui a été imposé; que ce régime a empêché les Marocains de participer au gouvernement de leur pays et les a privés de toutes les libertés publiques individuelles; que les alliés ont reconnu dans la Charte de l'Atlantique le droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes; que le Maroc sait apprécier les bienfaits des libertés démocratiques qui sont conformes aux principes de notre religion, et qui ont servi de fondement à la Constitution de tous les pays musulmans.\nDécide — Politique générale: demander l'indépendance du Maroc dans son intégrité territoriale sous l'égide de Sa Majesté Sidi Mohammed Ben Youssef; l'adhésion du Maroc à la Charte de l'Atlantique et sa participation à la Conférence de la paix.\nPolitique intérieure: solliciter de Sa Majesté d'établir un régime démocratique comparable au régime adopté par les pays musulmans d'Orient, garantissant les droits de tous les éléments et de toutes les classes de la société marocaine.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1944-01-11", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:20:49.732414+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "53f356b5-bb71-4c0f-abf9-00ebdc105dc7", "source_type": "op-ed", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000110", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "From Political Islam to Muslim Democracy — Rached Ghannouchi (Foreign Affairs, 2016)", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230605033109/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/tunisia/political-islam-muslim-democracy", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Ennahda has moved beyond its origins as an Islamist party and has fully embraced a new identity as a party of Muslim democrats. It has ended all of its cultural and religious activities and now focuses only on politics. Tunisia's new constitution, ratified in 2014, enshrines democracy and protects political and religious freedoms, so the party no longer accepts the label of \"Islamism.\" In this new democratic stage, the question is no longer one of secularism versus religion.\nOur objective is to separate the political and religious fields. No political party should claim to represent religion; the religious sphere should be managed by independent and neutral institutions. Religion should be nonpartisan. Imams should not hold positions in any political party.\nUnder the new constitution, all Tunisians enjoy the same rights, whether they are believers, agnostics, or atheists. Ennahda has called for a participatory approach to reforms based on a vision of \"compassionate capitalism\" that balances the freedom of enterprise with social justice and equal opportunity. Ennahda supports mandating equal gender representation on all party lists and stronger maternity-leave rights.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2016-08-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:22:56.256297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "abb40c9f-47b4-4b65-9820-15858023273d", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas — 'Change and Reform' List 2006 electoral platform (English translation)", "source_url": "https://www.hamascase.com/volume-i/06_hamas-manifesto/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "The Change and Reform List seeks to build an advanced Palestinian civil society based on political pluralism and the alternation of power, while bearing in mind the heavy occupation.\nOur Invariables: Islam and civilizational achievements constitute our frame of reference and way of life with all its political, economic, social and legal dimensions. Our people have the right to end the occupation using all available means including armed resistance, establishing the independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital. All refugees have the right to return; this is fixed and cannot be compromised.\nDomestic Policy: Political liberties, pluralism, the freedom to form political parties, the ballot box and peaceful alternation of power are the best framework. Security coordination with the occupation is a crime. Protecting the resistance.\nLegislative Policy: Establish Islamic Shari'ah as the main source of legislation in Palestine; separation among the three powers; reinforce democracy and shura.\nEconomic Policy: Achieve economic and monetary independence and disengage from the Zionist entity; establish a \"resisting economy\"; reformulate income tax so it becomes 'ascending' (progressive) to ease the burden on low earners.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2006-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:22:56.256297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "fa6ee18b-1e02-4444-a969-d5d26483f4c1", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "ماهية الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي (The Nature of the PSP) — Kamal Joumblatt's foundational doctrine", "source_url": "https://anbaaonline.com/?p=542013", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "بماذا يوحي إلينا الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي؟ بأن الاشتراكية اللبنانية، على مستوى اقتصاد أمة ودون التمييز بين الطبقات، هي وحدها القادرة على حل مشكلة النزاعات بين الجماعات والطبقات. أهم مبادئ الحزب: تحقيق العدالة الإنسانية الفعلية؛ التعاون الوثيق مع الدول العربية التي تحترم مبادئه؛ علمنة الدولة واحترام حرية المعتقد في كافة المناطق.\nالملكية الجماعية والتأميم: تأميم كافة المؤسسات ذات الطابع الاجتماعي أو ذات الأهمية الخاصة للاقتصاد الوطني؛ اعتماد نظام الاقتصاد الموجّه؛ أن يكون العامل شريكًا لمدير المصنع وينال نسبة من الأرباح الصافية؛ إصلاح النظام الضريبي برمّته.\nيطمح الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي إلى بناء المجتمع الإنساني على أساس الديمقراطية الحقة، الذي تسوده العدالة والحرية وتؤمّن فيه حقوق الإنسان كما نصت عليها شرعة حقوق الإنسان الصادرة عن الأمم المتحدة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2004-05-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:22:56.256297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "24bdb2e6-86ec-4242-93af-f5d066c8b1eb", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000121", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "قصتنا (Our Story) — RNI / التجمع الوطني للأحرار official party identity & principles", "source_url": "https://www.rni.ma/ar/qissatuna", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "تأسس التجمع الوطني للأحرار في أكتوبر 1978 على يد أحمد عصمان. يرتكز التجمع الوطني للأحرار على \"الديمقراطية الاجتماعية\" كمرجعية سياسية مبنية على العدالة الاجتماعية والتمكين للمواطن. وينشد الحزب المساواة كونها الضامن لاستفادة المغاربة من الفرص بشكل متساوٍ، والتساوي في الحقوق والواجبات والتعلم والشغل والعلاج.\nيؤمن الحزب بضرورة بناء مجتمع قائم على التماسك الاجتماعي تقوم فيه الدولة بدور التمكين للمواطنين وضمان الحماية الاجتماعية لجميع المواطنين.\nيقوم العرض السياسي \"مسار الثقة\" على ثلاث أولويات: الصحة والتشغيل والتعليم، في إطار النموذج التنموي الجديد الذي طالب به صاحب الجلالة الملك محمد السادس.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:22:56.256297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c51e1863-6974-49f7-b6c5-ef21e9b4886f", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Constitution of the Ba'ath Arab Socialist Party (1947) — Fundamental, General and Economic Principles", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111211065701/http://baath-party.org/baathsite%202003-2008/eng/constitution1.htm", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES. First Principle — Unity and Liberty: The Arabs are One Nation, which has its natural right to live under One State. The Arab Homeland is an indivisible political and economic entity. Second Principle — Character: The freedom of Speech, Assembly, Belief and Art are holy and no authority can undermine them. Third Principle — Mission: Colonialism and anything relevant to it is a criminal act.\nGENERAL PRINCIPLES. Art. 3: The Party is a Pan-Arab National Party. Art. 4: Socialism is a necessity that emanates from the core of Arab Nationalism. Art. 5: sovereignty is the people's. Art. 6: The Party is revolutionary — to struggle against foreign colonialism, for solidarity among all Arabs within One Independent State, and to revolt against the corrupt reality. Art. 12: The Arab woman enjoys the full rights of citizenship. Art. 14: The system in the Arab State is parliamentary and constitutional; the Executive is responsible before a directly-elected Legislative Authority. Art. 15: The Pan-Arab National link combats all denominational, sectarian, tribal, ethnic and regional fanaticism. Art. 16: The System of the one Arab State is decentralized.\nECONOMIC POLICY. Art. 26: economic wealth is the Nation's property. Art. 27: the existing distribution of wealth is unjust and must be redistributed. Art. 29: public utilities, natural resources and transport shall be directly administered by the State; foreign concessions shall be cancelled.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1947-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:22:56.256297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "32546cfd-e9a4-48d8-aead-a48a4073fdec", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000102", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "JO", "title": "البرنامج السياسي للحزب الشيوعي الأردني (المؤتمر الخامس، 2010)", "source_url": "http://www.jordanpolitics.org/ar/parties-documents-view/6/jcp-political-programme/9", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الحزب الشيوعي الأردني هو حزب الطبقة العاملة والفلاحين وسائر الكادحين. يستند الحزب في نشاطه إلى النظرية الماركسية اللينينية الخلاقة، ويستلهم منهجها العلمي المادي الجدلي، وأهدافه في النضال من أجل العدالة الاجتماعية على طريق بناء الاشتراكية.\nإرساء دعائم الديمقراطية وضمان حرية التعبير والرأي وحرية التنظيم الحزبي والنقابي واحترام مبدأ التعددية السياسية وإلغاء جميع القوانين المقيدة للحريات العامة وتأكيد مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات.\nإعادة النظر في السياسة الضريبية، واعتماد الضريبة المباشرة التصاعدية وإلغاء الضرائب غير المباشرة تحقيقا لمبدأ العدالة الضريبية.\nالإعلاء من شأن التفكير العقلاني وشن كفاح لا هوادة فيه ضد الفكر الغيبي المعادي للعلم الذي يسوق للخرافة.\nمقاومة كافة أشكال التطبيع مع إسرائيل ووقف العلاقات معها ومقاومة المشاريع الصهيونية المعادية للأردن.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2010-07-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:22:56.256297+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-3", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "54a2bf19-c7c9-4359-bde7-07f26199055e", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Abdel Fattah al-Burhan — 79th UN General Assembly speech (26 Sep 2024)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sd_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "حرب شنتها مجموعة تمردت على الدولة (مليشيا الدعم السريع) بدعم محلي وإقليمي، وارتكبت جرائم تطهير عرقي وتهجير قسري وإبادة جماعية تستحق أن تُصنف جماعة إرهابية. هذه المجموعة الإرهابية المملوكة لآل دقلو تجد الدعم والمساندة من دول في الإقليم تمدهم بالمال والمرتزقة لتحقيق مكاسب سياسية واقتصادية. أولا يجب أن تنتهي العمليات القتالية بانسحاب المليشيا المتمردة من المناطق التي احتلتها، يعقبها عملية سياسية شاملة تعيد مسار الانتقال السياسي. القوات المسلحة السودانية ملتزمة تماما بعملية التحول الديمقراطي وحق الشعب السوداني في اختيار من يحكمه، ولن تسمح بعودة النظام السابق الذي رفضه الشعب. نؤكد موقفنا الثابت تجاه حق الشعب الفلسطيني في إقامة دولته ضمن حدود 67، ونوصي بقبول عضوية فلسطين الكاملة. إرادة الشعب السوداني ستنتصر.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:25:04.542012+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "79f9b9fc-2bfc-4f18-9116-b472d3a7e46d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Mahmoud Abbas — 79th UN General Assembly speech (22 Sep 2024)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ps_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "لن نرحل، لن نرحل، لن نرحل — فلسطين وطننا، وأرض آبائنا وأجدادنا، وستبقى لنا. آتي إليكم وشعبي يتعرض لجريمة حرب شاملة وإبادة جماعية تشنها إسرائيل، أكثر من 40 ألف شهيد. أوقفوا إرسال السلاح لإسرائيل، لا يمكن لهذا الجنون أن يستمر. المسجد الأقصى وما حوله مُلك حصري للمسلمين كما أقرته عصبة الأمم عام 1930. إن إسرائيل التي ترفض تنفيذ قرارات الأمم المتحدة غير جديرة بعضوية هذه المنظمة، وأطالب بتجميد عضويتها في الجمعية العامة. رؤيتنا لليوم التالي للحرب: الوقف الشامل والدائم لإطلاق النار؛ إدخال المساعدات؛ الانسحاب الإسرائيلي الكامل من غزة ورفض المناطق العازلة؛ تولي دولة فلسطين مسؤولياتها على كل الأراضي تمهيدا للانتخابات؛ التنفيذ الكامل لفتوى محكمة العدل الدولية لإنهاء الاحتلال خلال 12 شهرا؛ عقد مؤتمر دولي للسلام خلال عام لتنفيذ حل الدولتين على حدود الرابع من حزيران 1967 وعاصمتها القدس الشرقية وعودة اللاجئين؛ قوات حفظ سلام دولية بين دولة فلسطين وإسرائيل.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:25:04.542012+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7a26b6cf-dd4d-4a32-a31c-c0fa429e8d53", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Sudan war erupts — the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces clash in Khartoum (15 April 2023)", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/15/fighting-erupts-in-sudan-following-months-of-simmering-tensions", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 15 April 2023, heavy fighting erupted in Khartoum and at military sites nationwide, including the city's airport and the Merowe air base, between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) commanded by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) led by his deputy-turned-rival Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti. The clash followed a breakdown over the planned integration of the RSF into the regular army, a step tied to the stalled transition to civilian rule after the October 2021 coup the two men had jointly staged. The war derailed that transition and grew into a nationwide conflict; later estimates put the dead in the tens of thousands and the displaced at roughly 12 million, including some 3.5 million who fled the country as refugees.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-04-15", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:45.901369+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2c96d933-cb80-4e1a-9369-11d5e0ba0ddb", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000502", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "Abdul-Malik al-Houthi — Al-Quds Platform (Quds Day) speech, 28 March 2025 (SABA English translation)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250810153618id_/https://www.saba.ye/en/news3456807.htm", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "I extend my greetings to the oppressed Palestinian people, to those steadfast at the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and to the mujahidin in Gaza and the West Bank. We remember the martyr Al-Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah, the leader Ismail Haniyeh, and the former Iranian president martyr Ibrahim Raisi, who stood out as a role model embodying the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran practically. Arab countries, before any other countries, must reject normalisation with the Israeli enemy and prevent the displacement of the Palestinian people. The only thing that can stop the Israeli enemy and its American partner is taking serious and sincere action. Yemen has mobilised comprehensively and contributed alongside the fronts of support in the Axis of Jihad, Al-Quds, and Resistance through military participation: naval operations targeting ships associated with the Israeli enemy in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea, and launching hundreds of ballistic missiles, drones and hypersonic missiles towards occupied Palestine. Yemen will continue this effort without retreat, despite the American aggression. What greater and nobler struggle is there than the struggle for Allah against the Israeli and American tyranny?", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-03-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-10T19:25:04.542012+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "428fdf6c-33ee-4f48-a4c7-9d6669d062dd", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000120", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "البرنامج الانتخابي لحزب العدالة والتنمية (2016) — المرجعية الإسلامية: مرجعية الدولة والمجتمع", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/2020id_/https://www.pjd.ma/sites/default/files/programme_final.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "لا يعتبر حزب العدالة والتنمية نفسه متميزاً عن أي طرف سياسي باختياره الانطلاق من المرجعية الإسلامية، فهذا اختيار أصيل وحضاري للدولة والمجتمع، تعبر عنه المقتضيات الدستورية التي تبوأ الدين الإسلامي مكانة الصدارة في الهوية المغربية، والوظيفة الدينية للملك باعتباره أميراً للمؤمنين وحامي حمى الملة والدين والضامن لحرية ممارسة الشعائر. وتستند الأمة في حياتها العامة على ثوابت جامعة، تتمثل في الدين الإسلامي السمح، والوحدة الوطنية متعددة الروافد، والملكية الدستورية، والاختيار الديمقراطي.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2016-10-07", "ingested_at": "2026-06-11T06:03:04.720013+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "33be35b8-0a9f-41b0-9759-843ac648dba0", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000301", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "البرنامج الانتخابي لائتلاف دولة القانون — الثوابت السياسية والمرتكزات الوطنية", "source_url": "https://state-of-law.com/index-3", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "استمد الائتلاف اسمه من الدولة والقانون، لإيمانه بمشروع الدولة وأهمية بناء دولة دستورية وقانونية ذات سيادة كاملة، تعمل على ترسيخ ثقافة المشاركة السياسية واحترام خيارات الشعب العراقي بمختلف مكوناته، على مبدأ المواطنة والمساواة القانونية.\nالسيادة الفكرية والسياسية: إن آراء الائتلاف تنبع من وعي وطني حر، وليس خاضعاً لوصاية داخلية أو خارجية.\nالملف الأمني: الأهمية القصوى للاستقرار الأمني، والالتزام بمبدأ أن سلاح الدولة في يد الأجهزة الأمنية المخولة دستورياً.\nالمرتكزات الوطنية: الانتقال السلمي للسلطة؛ احترام الدستور وتطبيقه غير الانتقائي؛ احترام مواقف المرجعية الدينية العليا؛ الحفاظ على وحدة مكونات العراق؛ بناء مؤسسات الدولة؛ الاقتصاد الأخضر؛ الحفاظ على الثروة العامة.\nمكافحة الفساد وهيمنة لوبيات المال على القرار التنفيذي. تحاشي المفردات المثيرة والخطاب التحريضي أو الطائفي.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-10-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-11T06:03:04.720013+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f6435093-6064-42e8-a87e-c6b7e4c1b269", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000402", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "اللائحة السياسية للجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ لدى رئيس الجمهورية (أفريل 1990)", "source_url": "https://archive.org/details/FisBookFinalA5fnt12", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ترفع الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ لدى رئيس الجمهورية لائحتها المتضمنة القضايا المصيرية التالية: تحديد مجالات الإصلاح واقتراح رزنامة زمنية لمراحله؛ حل المجلس الشعبي الوطني بقرار من رئيس الجمهورية؛ تكوين هيئة سياسية مستقلة من مختلف الأحزاب لمراقبة الإدارة والمجلس الدستوري لضمان سلامة الانتخابات البلدية والولائية والتشريعية؛ التزام الدولة بضمان الحريات العامة التي كفلها الإسلام وإطلاق سراح المساجين السياسيين؛ استقلالية القضاء مع تدعيمه بنظام الحسبة؛ وضع حد لاحتكار أجهزة الإعلام العمومية من طرف الدولة والحزب الواحد. وترى الجبهة ضرورة التزام الحاكم بالشرع الإسلامي طالما أنه حاكم لشعب مسلم. وتوفير شروط الحفاظ على كرامة المرأة بالحفاظ على دينها وشرفها وحقوقها التي كفلها الإسلام في البيت وفي الوظيفة. ووضع خطة لمساعدة الانتفاضة الفلسطينية ومساعدة الجهاد الأفغاني.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1990-04-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-11T06:03:04.720013+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "64a2a5bc-4220-4ad3-9dc4-46cc5b643181", "source_type": "op-ed", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000371", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Marwan Barghouti — 'Want Security? End the Occupation' (The Washington Post, 16 January 2002)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/2018id_/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/01/16/want-security-end-the-occupation/6d95b7aa-48bd-43e8-9698-e35331460ffb/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "The only way for Israelis to have security is, quite simply, to end the 35-year-old Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory. The lack of Israeli security is born of the lack of Palestinian freedom.\nWe Palestinians have recognized Israel on 78 percent of historic Palestine. It is Israel that refuses to acknowledge Palestine's right to exist on the remaining 22 percent of land occupied in 1967. And we have no faith in the United States, the provider of billions of dollars in annual aid to fund Israel's expansion of illegal colonies, supplying the F-16s and helicopter gunships used against a civilian population.\nWhile I, and the Fatah movement to which I belong, strongly oppose attacks and the targeting of civilians inside Israel, I reserve the right to resist the Israeli occupation of my country and to fight for my freedom. I am not a terrorist, but neither am I a pacifist. I still seek peaceful coexistence between the equal and independent countries of Israel and Palestine based on full withdrawal from Palestinian territories occupied in 1967 and a just resolution to the plight of Palestinian refugees pursuant to U.N. resolutions. I do not seek to destroy Israel but only to end its occupation of my country.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2002-01-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-11T07:21:47.959766+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "385cc1fa-a4a7-44cc-a6f0-3b72cb1fb96f", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000290", "country_id": "YE", "title": "Rashad al-Alimi — 79th UN General Assembly speech (26 Sep 2024)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ye_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "يصادف حديثنا اليكم اليوم السادس والعشرين من سبتمبر الذي صنع فيه شعبنا التاريخ قبل 62 عاماً بإسقاط النظام الإمامي العنصري وإعلان الجمهورية، متحدّياً آلة البطش الحوثية المدعومة من النظام الإيراني. تظل الحكومة اليمنية ملتزمة بنهج السلام الشامل والعادل، لكنها بحاجة إلى نهج جماعي لدعمها وتنفيذ قرارات الشرعية الدولية الخاصة بحظر تدفق الأسلحة الإيرانية وتجفيف مصادر التمويل. اعتقلت المليشيات الحوثية العشرات من موظفي الأمم المتحدة، وتشكل هجماتها على حركة التجارة العالمية في البحر الأحمر تهديداً لاستقرار المنطقة بأكملها، فهي أول جماعة متمردة تستخدم صواريخ باليستية وطائرات مسيرة ضد السفن التجارية المدنية. إن الحرب الإسرائيلية على الشعب الفلسطيني يجب أن تتوقف فوراً، والطريق لإنهاء معاناته يستند إلى قرارات الشرعية الدولية والمبادرة العربية للسلام وحقه في إقامة دولته المستقلة كاملة السيادة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-11T07:21:47.959766+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-1", "source_language": null, "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5021f09f-cf23-4dcb-b4d0-2c608a2d72cb", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Hassan Nasrallah — 2006 \"Divine Victory\" rally speech, Beirut (post-July War) (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://www.juancole.com/2006/09/nasrullahs-speech-here-is-bbc-world.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "This is not a Shi'i weapon [...] and the Christians. This weapon is for the Sunni, Druze, and Shi'i. This weapon is for all the Lebanese. It seeks to protect Lebanon, its sovereignty and independence.\n\nThe army and the Resistance are two dear, loving brothers that no one can separate.\n\nBuilding a strong, just, and capable state begins first by a serious national unity government [...] Come and let us close our ranks and stand side by side to defend Lebanon, to protect Lebanon, to build and construct Lebanon, and to preserve Lebanon and unify it.\n\nWe do not say that these weapons will remain forever. And, it is not logical for these weapons to remain forever. There is bound to be an end to them.\n\nThis resistance experience [...] depends — on the moral and spiritual level — on faith, certainty, reliance [on God], and readiness to make sacrifices. It also depends on reason, planning, organization, armament [...].\n\nWe are neither a disorganized and sophistic resistance, nor a resistance pulled to the ground [...]. The pious, God-reliant, loving, and knowledgeable resistance is also the conscious, wise, trained, and equipped resistance that has plans.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2006-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ca40f3d7-9e8a-4364-891b-548ee1f6eb4e", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000290", "country_id": "YE", "title": "Rashad al-Alimi — Speech of the President of the Presidential Leadership Council before the 78th UN General Assembly, 21 September 2023 (official English translation)", "source_url": "https://presidentalalimi.net/en/news178.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen, since I am addressing you today in this hall for the second time as President of the Presidential Leadership Council of the Republic of Yemen, allow me to brief you on the current scene [...] in my country afflicted by the war of the Houthi militias supported by the Iranian regime.\n\n[...] we bring to mind [...] the solidarity of our brothers in the coalition to support legitimacy led by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, whose stances represented a strong fence to prevent the collapse of the Yemeni state institutions, and to strengthen its steadfastness in the face of the Houthi militias supported by the Guardian Jurist regime in Iran, and the terrorist organizations allied with it.\n\n[...] last year, my country witnessed a historic transformation [...] a presidential council was formed, on the basis of strengthening partnership, establishing peace, and ending the war. But [...] the peace file has remained stagnant, despite the concessions and initiatives made by the Yemeni government [...].\n\nToday, I do not believe that we in the government still have more concessions to offer [...]. Through our understanding of the approach of the Houthi militias, peace proposals for them are nothing but test balloons, which should be dealt with from a tactical perspective to control more resources, and postpone the decision on military confrontation [...].\n\n[...] the sustainability of peace [...] is the essence of the desired peace that guarantees Yemenis their ability to build a state of institutions that protects rights, freedoms, and equality among its citizens, and establishes good-neighborly relations [...] with our brothers in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.\n\n[...] this shift must include pumping international pledges and funds through the Central Bank of Yemen, to strengthen the position of the national currency, curb inflation, and ensure that these funds do not fall under the suspicion of unjust and indirect support to armed militias.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "88a0cdfa-6518-495f-a3b2-a4f9d9de21e0", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000232", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Nabih Berri — speech on the anniversary of Imam Musa al-Sadr's disappearance: the resistance's weapons \"under the roof of the constitution\", 31 August 2025 (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/315014-berri-says-open-to-dialogue-over-fate-of-hezbollah-s-arms", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "We are open to discuss the fate of the weapons of the resistance, which is our pride and honour, under the roof of the constitution.\n\n[...] We reiterate that we are open to discussing the fate of those weapons … in a calm and consensual dialogue.\n\n[...] What is proposed in the American paper goes beyond the principle of (a state) weapons monopoly, and rather appears as an alternative to the November ceasefire agreement.\n\n[… Berri rejected holding dialogue under \"threats\" that undermine the truce agreement, warning that] diabolical minds and hate speech are more dangerous to Lebanon than the resistance's weapon, which liberated our lands.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-08-31", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "563a814a-180d-4c9e-ab7a-13def622a247", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000123", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "حزب الاستقلال — القيم والمرجعية الإيديولوجية والثوابت (Istiqlal Party doctrine: values, ideological reference & constants)", "source_url": "https://www.istiqlal.info/glossary/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_gi3805.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "القيم والمرجعية الإيديولوجية\n\nترتكز المرجعية الإيديولوجية لحزب الاستقلال على خيار ثالث هو \"التعادلية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية\"، الذي يروم ضمان تكافؤ الفرص و إقرار العدالة الاجتماعية وإرساء تنمية مستديمة منصفة ومتوازنة وتحسين مستوى عيش المواطنين والحد من الفوارق الاجتماعية والمجالية. وترتكز التعادلية على القيم الإسلامية السمحة وعلى القيم التالية:\n\n- الحرية: التي تشكل إحدى الدعائم المركزية للمشروع المجتمعي الذي يؤمن به حزب الاستقلال. والواقع أن كفاح هذا الأخير من أجل تحقيق الاستقلال الوطني، قد استتبعه بنضال لا يقل أهمية عن سابقه، في تمتيع المواطن المغربي بكل ما يكفل له الحرية والكرامة، والحرص على استفادته بشكل كامل من مختلف الحقوق الشخصية والمدنية والسياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية.\n\n- المواطنة المسؤولة: إذ إن الفرد لا يتطور إلا عبر نشاطه الفعلي في المجتمع. … يصبح المواطنون الحماة الحقيقين للخيار الديمقراطي عبر مشاركتهم الفعلية في الشأن العمومي والعمل الجماعي.\n\n- التضامن: الذي يمثل قيمة أساسية ثمينة بتعزيز التماسك الاجتماعي، وتوطيد الروابط الاجتماعية، تقوية شعور الانتماء إلى الأمة …\n\n- الأخلاق: التي يضعها حزب الاستقلال في صلب انشغالاته، بحيث ما فتئ يؤكد على لزوم تخليق الحياة العامة، والعلاقات الاجتماعية، واخترام منظومة القيم في الاقتصاد والمقاولة، وبلورة نموذج أخلاقي للنجاح الفردي.\n\nالمرجعية\n\nترتكز المرجعية الاستقلالية على مبادئ راسخة مستمدة من الثوابت التالية:\n-التمسك بالعقيدة الإسلامية الداعية إلى التسامح والوسطية وتحقيق العدل وتكافؤ الفرص والمساواة والتكافل الاجتماعي واحترام حقوق الإنسان،\n-التشبت باستكمال الوحدة الترابية، والحفاظ على المقومات اللغوية والثقافية والحضارية المميزة للهوية الوطنية، وذلك من خلال إبراز واعتبار الإنسية المغربية،\n-الدفاع عن الخيار الديمقراطي في إطار الملكية الدستورية،\n-تبني طريق ثالث هو \"التعادلية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية\"، الذي يروم إقرار العدالة الاجتماعية وإرساء تنمية مستديمة منصفة ومتوازنة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ef5a208c-5703-40cb-9b3e-366a4329bf54", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000511", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LY", "title": "ميثاق تحالف القوى الوطنية (Charter of the National Forces Alliance)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120325011038/http://www.nff.ly/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ميثاق تحالف القوى الوطنية لإرساء دعائم الدّولة المدنيّة الدّيمقراطية\n\n… واستلهاماً لقيم العقيدة الإسلامية الوسطية السّمحاء والهوية اللّيبية المتجذّرة في أعماق التّاريخ، والمتميّزة بالتنوّع الثقافي في إطار وحدة الوطن. … وانطلاقاً من الإيمان بضرورة تبني الديمقراطية كآلية للتعايش بين الآراء المختلفة، وكأسلوب لإدارة الخلاف، من خلال الممارسة السلمية للعمل السّياسي، ونبذ أساليب الإرهاب المادّي والمعنوي واستخدام العنف..\n\nالمبادئ المؤسّسة: الإطار العام للدولة ونظام الحكم\n\n1. الإسلام دين المجتمع، ومرجعيته واعتماد أحكام (مبادئ ) الشريعة الآسلامية السمحاء مصدرا رئيسا للتشريع.\n\n2. ليبيا جمهورية مدنية ديمقراطية تعدّدية قوامها السّيادة للشّعب، والولاية لمن ينتخبهم عبر الاقتراع الحرّ النّزيه والشّفاف.\n\n3. ضمان وحدة الوطن وسيادته على كامل إقليمه ، ومعارضة كافّة أشكال الهيمنة والتّبعية والولاء لغير الوطن.\n\n4. الولاء للوطن، يعلو على ما دونه من الولاءات القبلية والعرقية والجهوية والمذهبية والحزبية ، وهو أساس المواطنة الكاملة.\n\n6. الفصل بين السّلطات التّشريعية والتنفيذية والقضائيّة وتحقيق التّوازن فيما بينها، وتحديد فترة الولاية لمناصب الدّولة العليا في إطار التّداول السّلمي للسّلطة.\n\n8. اللغة العربية هي اللغة الرسمية القانونية للدّولة، ويجوز استعمال أيّ لغة أخرى في غير الشّؤون الرّسميّة للدولة.\n\n9. التنوّع الثّقافي تراثٌ مشتركٌ للمجتمع اللّيبي يتوجّب حمايته واحترامه والتّعريف به وتنميته.\n\nالحقوق والحرّيات\n\n11. اللّيبيون واللّيبيات متساوون في الحقوق والمسؤوليات وفي تكافؤ الفرص دون تمييز أو إقصاء أو تهميش لأي سبب كان.\n\n21. ضمان وحماية الحرّيات العامّة، بما في ذلك حريّة الفكر والرّأي والتّعبير والإعلام … والتّجمّع والتّظاهر السّلمي وتأسيس الأحزاب والتّجمّعات السياسية ومنظمات المجتمع المدني.\n\nالاقتصاد والتّنمية\n\n23. الملكية الخاصة والفردية والعامّة مقدسة ولها حرمتها، وعلى الدّولة حمايتها وصونها.\n\n26. إرساء نظام اقتصادي ومالي يشجع المبادرة الفردية والشركات الخاصة والمشاريع الاقتصادية الصغيرة والمتوسطة، ويؤمن دورا متميزا للقطاع الخاص دون اخلال الدولة بالتزاماتها تجاه المواطن …\n\nالعلاقات الخارجية\n\n30. ليبيا جزء من المغرب العربي والوطن العربي والعالم الإسلامي والقارة الأفريقية، منفتحة على التراث الإنساني؛\n\n31. دعم ومناصرة قضية الشّعب الفلسطيني في التّحرّر وإقامة دولته المستقلّة، بكافّة الوسائل، والتأكيد على عدم التّعامل مطلقاً مع الكيان الّصّهيوني.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2012-02-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7064da90-5079-46eb-959d-da4fccceab0a", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000510", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LY", "title": "التعريف بالحزب — حزب العدالة والبناء (Justice and Construction Party — Definition of the Party declaration of principles)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210922211333/https://ab.ly/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "التعريف بالحزب\n\nحزب وطني مدني ذو مرجعية إسلامية، مفتوح العضوية لكل ليبي يؤمن بمطلقاته وأهدافه ويلتزم بنظمه ولوائحه، ويهدف إلى تحقيق طموحات أبناء الشعب الليبي في بناء مجتمع يقوم على العدالة والحرية والعيش الكريم لأبنائه دون تمييز.\n\nينطلق الحزب في رؤيته للمشروع الوطني والعمل السياسي على ضرورة الارتكاز على الثوابت والمنطلقات التالية:\n\n1- يؤمن الحزب بأن الإسلام دين الدولة، وأن الشريعة الإسلامية هي المصدر الرئيس للتشريع، في إطار مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية التي تهدف إلى تحقيق كل ما يتطلبه العيش الكريم للإنسان، وتشكل مظلة للإدارة الصالحة وسياسة الحكم الرشيد.\n\nويتركز فهم الحزب للمرجعية الإسلامية على عدة أسس ومقومات أهمها:\n\n– مقاصد الشريعة هي الأسس العامة للمشروع السياسي للحزب.\n\n– اجتناب كل مظاهر الغلو في الفكر والممارسة.\n\n– التجديد والتحديث، والانفتاح على الآخر والتعاطي الايجابي مع معطيات التمدن البشري.\n\n2- حماية الوطن، والمحافظة على وحدته واستقلاله، وإرساء العلاقات مع الغير على أسس متكافئة بما يحقق الأمن والسلم العالميين.\n\n3- قيام دولة مدنية ترتكز على الديمقراطية التي أساسها التعددية الحزبية والفصل بين السلطات، وسيادة القانون، والتداول السلمي للسلطة، وكفالة الحقوق للمواطنين، واحترام المواثيق الدولية.\n\n4- بناء الإنسان الليبي هو هدفنا الأول، باعتباره المستخلف لعمارة الأرض، وهو محور التنمية المستدامة التي حرم منها طويلاً خلال عقود الاستبداد …\n\n6- النساء شقائق الرجال، ولهن من حقوق وواجبات المواطنة السياسية والمدنية ما للرجال، ولن تكتمل حلقات النمو والنهوض إلا بمشاركتهن الفعالة.\n\n7- الأسرة هي اللبنة الأولى في بناء المجتمع، وهي الإطار الصحيح والوحيد للعلاقة بين الرجل والمرأة …\n\n… 3- النهوض بالاقتصاد، بإحداث عملية تنمية اقتصادية مستدامة، وخلق اقتصاد حر، تنافسي، متنوع، يضطلع فيه القطاع الخاص الوطني بالدور الريادي … وقائم على العدالة في توزيع الثروة، ويصحح سوء توزيع الدخل، بإرساء قواعد المساواة الاجتماعية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2013-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "95ca2d66-a4de-4938-9862-ce765f7f2762", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000417", "country_id": "SY", "title": "Bashar al-Assad — speech to the People's Assembly as the uprising began (30 March 2011)", "source_url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article169245.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "I am sure you all know that Syria is facing a great conspiracy whose tentacles extend to some nearby countries and far-away countries, with some inside the country. […] Today, there is a new fashion which they call \"revolutions\". We do not call them so because we think this is mostly a popular condition.\n\nThey mixed up three elements: sedition, reform, and daily needs. […] But sedition has become part of the issue and started to lead the other two factors and take cover under them. […] We cannot say that all those who demonstrated are conspirators. This is not true […] The conspirators are few in number.\n\nWe are concerned with the outcome because the last stage for them is for Syria to get weaker and disintegrate, because this will remove the last obstacle facing the Israel's plans. This is what concerns us. […] Our foreign policy has been based on holding to our national rights, holding to pan-Arab rights, to independence, to supporting Arab resistance when there is occupation.\n\nIf the people get the government to bow under pressure, it will bow to foreign pressure. The principle is wrong. The relationship between the government and the people is not that of pressure or based on pressure.\n\nBurying sedition is a national, moral, and religious duty; and all those who can contribute to burying it and do not are part of it. The Holy Quran says, \"sedition is worse than killing,\" so all those involved intentionally or unintentionally in it contribute to destroying their country. So there is no compromise or middle way in this. […] The Syrian people are peaceful people, loving people, but we have never hesitated in defending our causes, interests and principles, and if we are forced into a battle, so be it.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-03-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "947cde45-d59e-46ac-94f8-0bea1abfa337", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "FLN — Proclamation of 1 November 1954 (founding charter of the Algerian revolution)", "source_url": "https://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/1954/proclamation.htm", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "To you who are called upon to judge us, the Algerian people in a general way, the militants more particularly, our purpose in distributing this proclamation is to enlighten you concerning the profound reasons which have impelled us to act by revealing to you our program, the meaning of our action, and the cogency of our views the goal of which remains National Independence within the North African framework.\n\nThese are, we think, sufficient reasons for a movement of renewal to present itself under the name of NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT, releasing itself in this way from all possible compromises, and offering the possibility to all Algerian patriots of all social classes, of all the purely Algerian parties and movements, to integrate themselves into the struggle for liberation, without any other consideration.\n\nGoal: NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE by: 1. The restoration of the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian state, within the framework of Islamic principles. 2. The respect of all fundamental liberties without distinction of race or religion.\n\nEXTERNAL OBJECTIVES: 1. The internalization of the Algerian problem. 2. The realization of North African unity within its natural Arabo-Islamic framework. 3. Within the framework of the UN Charter, the affirmation of our active sympathy with regard to all nations who support our operations for liberation.\n\nMEANS OF STRUGGLE: In conformity with revolutionary principles, and taking into account the internal and external situations, the continuation of the struggle by all possible means until the realization of our goal.\n\n[To France:] we propose to French authorities an honorable platform of discussion […] 1. The opening of negotiations with the authorized spokesmen of the Algerian people on the basis of the recognition of sovereignty through Algerian liberation, one and indivisible. […] 3. The recognition of Algerian nationality by an official declaration abrogating the edicts, decrees and laws making Algeria a \"French land,\" which is a denial of the History, the geography, the language, the religion, and the mores of the Algerian people.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1954-11-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "fcb6e577-176c-442b-8f0c-4ca955ac54f2", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "5a3590a9-1066-4217-a131-7bfdd5dcc562", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "دستور حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي (Constitution of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party — Aflaq founding constitution; Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://ar.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AB", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المبدأ الأول: وحدة الأمة العربية وحريتها\nالعرب أمة واحدة لها حقها الطبيعي في أن تحيا في دولة واحدة وأن تكون حرة في توجيه مقدراتها.. ولهذا فإن حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي يعتبر:\n1- الوطن العربي وحدة سياسية اقتصادية لا تتجزأ ولا يمكن لأي قطر من الأقطار العربية أن يستكمل شروط حياته منعزلاً عن الآخر.\n2- الأمة العربية وحدة ثقافية، وجميع الفوارق القائمة بين أبنائها عرضية زائفة تزول جميعها بيقظة الوجدان العربي.\n3- الوطن العربي للعرب ، ولهم وحدهم حق التصرف بشؤونه وثرواته وتوجيه مقدراته.\nالمبدأ الثاني: شخصية الأمة العربية … 1- حرية الكلام والاجتماع والاعتقاد والفن مقدسة لا يمكن لأي سلطة أن تنتقصها.\n…\nالمادة (4) : حزب (البعث العربي الاشتراكي) اشتراكي يؤمن بأن الاشتراكية ضرورة منبعثة من صميم القومية العربية لأنها النظام الأمثل الذي يسمح للشعب العربي بتحقيق إمكاناته وتفتح عبقريته على أكمل وجه…\nالمادة (5) : حزب (البعث العربي الاشتراكي) شعبي يؤمن بأن السيادة هي ملك الشعب، وأنه وحده مصدر كل سلطة وقيادة…\nالمادة (6) : حزب (البعث العربي الاشتراكي) انقلابي يؤمن بأن أهدافه الرئيسية في بعث القومية وبناء الاشتراكية لا يمكن أن تتم إلا عن طريق الانقلاب والنضال..\n…\nالمادة (14) : نظام الحكم في الدولة العربية هو نظام نيابي دستوري، والسلطة التنفيذية مسؤولة أمام السلطة التشريعية التي ينتخبها الشعب مباشرة.\nالمادة (15) : الرابطة القومية هي الرابطة الوحيدة القائمة في الدولة العربية التي تكفل الانسجام بين المواطنين وانصهارهم في بوتقة أمة واحدة، وتكافح سائر العصبيات المذهبية والطائفية والقبلية والعرقية والإقليمية.\n…\nالمادة (26) : حزب (البعث العربي الاشتراكي) اشتراكي يؤمن بأن الثروة الاقتصادية في الوطن ملك للأمة.\nالمادة (29) : المؤسسات ذات النفع العام وموارد الطبيعة الكبرى ووسائل الإنتاج الكبيرة ووسائل النقل ملك للأمة تديرها الدولة مباشرة وتلغى الشركات والامتيازات الأجنبية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1947-04-06", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1bbdfe35-b1e3-4a6d-875b-7dac5de49ea3", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000260", "country_id": "MA", "title": "King Mohammed VI — Speech to the Nation on the 44th Anniversary of the Green March, 6 November 2019 (official English translation)", "source_url": "https://diplomatie.ma/en/speech-his-majesty-king-occasion-44th-anniversary-green-march", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Dear Citizens, The Green March has always been the best illustration of the effective cohesion between the Throne and the people. It is testimony to the ability of Moroccans - the King and the people - to rise to the challenges facing the nation.\n\nThis is a never-ending march. Indeed, the spirit which enabled us to recover the Sahara in 1975 is the same one which urges us today to achieve development in all the regions of the Kingdom. This naturally includes our southern provinces, which constitute a link between Morocco and the rest of Africa [...].\n\nMorocco has always been clear in its position concerning the Moroccanness of the Sahara as much as in its firm belief in the justness of its cause and the legitimacy of its rights. It will continue to work honestly and in good faith to achieve a political, realistic, practical and consensual solution based exclusively on the political approach adopted by the United Nations Organization and the relevant Security Council resolutions. The Autonomy Initiative provides for that solution [...]. It is the only way forward towards a settlement guaranteeing full respect for the Kingdom's national unity and territorial integrity.\n\n[… …] For this reason, I invite the authorities concerned to give serious thought to the development of a rail link between Marrakech and Agadir [...]. We should also expand the road network, which I am seeking to further develop through the construction of the Agadir-Dakhla highway.\n\n[…] This should be achieved within the framework of advanced regionalization and the equitable distribution of wealth between all regions. The country I would like to see should comprise harmonious, integrated regions that benefit, on an equal footing, from infrastructure and major projects […]. Each region should have a major economic hub developed around its potential and specificities.\n\nDear Citizens, Ours is a collective responsibility to safeguard our national unity and territorial integrity, and to promote comprehensive development throughout Morocco. [… …] We would thus reiterate our commitment to the Oath of the Green March, honor the memory of its architect, my revered father, His Majesty King Hassan II [...].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-11-06", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4289c05f-2406-45ed-a80c-1a2b94732f77", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "298db2dc-e081-41d5-84a8-0d1268f6f1d5", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "المشروع السياسي لسورية المستقبل — رؤية جماعة الإخوان المسلمين في سورية (The Political Project for the Syria of the Future)", "source_url": "https://www.ikhwanwiki.com/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "تنبثق رؤيتنا المستقبلية الحضارية لقطرنا العربي السوري ضمن منظومتيه العربية والإسلامية، من إيماننا المطلق بإسلامنا المتجدد والذي تتفاعل نصوصه وأصوله مع وقائع الحياة ومستجدياتها، في إطار من مقاصد الشريعة العامة…\nالثالث : رؤيتنا لبناء (الدولة الحديثة) في قطرنا العربي السوري، التي نعتبر بناءها مطلبا عامّاً لجميع أبناء قطرنا، إذ هي في نظرنا المظلة الجامعة التي ينبغي أن تشمل الجميع.\nتقوم الدولة الحديثة، التي نتبناها وندعو إليها، على جملة من المرتكزات، نعتبرها الأساس الركين لبناء دولة قادرة على القيام بأعباء أي مشروع حضاري، أهمها أنها دولة ذات مرجعية تنبثق من هوية الأمة العربية الإسلامية وثوابتها، ثم هي ترتكز بعد ذلك على تعاقدية ومواطنة وتمثيلية وتعددية وتداولية ومؤسساتية وقانونية…\n… وجماعتنا تؤمن أن الإسلام في جوهره التوحيدي وقيمه العليا، وشريعته السمحة، ورصيده في نفوس أبناء الشعب السوري، هو أصلح المنطلقات لبناء سوريا المستقبل … مذكرين بأننا حين نعتمد على الإسلام بوسطيته واعتداله، لا ندعي أننا جماعة المسلمين، ولا أننا أوصياء على الناس باسم الإسلام، وإنما أصحاب مشروع نعرضه على الناس، وسبيلنا إليه هو الحوار المتكافئ مع كل التيارات الفكرية والاجتماعية والسياسية، و الدينية…\n… ولا بد من الإشارة هنا إلى أن جماعتنا طرحت سابقاً ميثاق الشرف الوطني في 3/5/2001م ، وهو يمثل الدعوة إلى إطار مشترك تلتقي عليه جميع القوى السياسية، والنخب الفكرية في سوريا ، داعيا إلى الحرية، وتقديم مصلحة الوطن العليا على المصالح الخاصة، والاعتراف المتبادل بين جميع الفرقاء على أرض الوطن، ونبذ العنف، واعتماد الحوار الديمقراطي وسيلة لتحقيق الأهداف…", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2004-12-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "197c1824-f5d5-45be-aa59-2b959267a80c", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000034", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "حزب الشعب الفلسطيني — التعريف والبرنامج السياسي والأهداف (Palestinian People's Party — profile, political program & objectives)", "source_url": "https://www.plo.ps/ar/Category/122", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "حزب الشعب الفلسطيني، هو حزب فلسطيني وطني ديمقراطي يساري اشتراكي، يناضل من اجل انجاز الحقوق الوطنية للشعب الفلسطيني، ومن اجل حقوق الفئات الفقيرة والمسحوقة والمهمشة، وفي المقدمة منها العمال وفقراء الفلاحين , ويسعي لتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية، بمعني تحقيق أقصي درجات المساواة والرفاه الاجتماعي لكافة أبناء المجتمع الفلسطيني , ويرى الحزب بان النظام الاجتماعي والاقتصادي الذي يكفل تحقيق هدف العدالة الاجتماعية هو النظام الاشتراكي المنسجم والواقع الفلسطيني، ويمتاز الحزب بمضمونه الديمقراطي … وكذلك بنضاله من أجل مجتمع فلسطيني ديمقراطي حر يتمتع فيه كافة أبناء الشعب الفلسطيني بحرية الرأي والانتماء السياسي والمعتقد الفكري وبكافة الحقوق المدنية لكل مواطن .\n\nما هي أهداف الحزب السياسية؟\n- دحر الاحتلال عن كافة الأراضي التي احتلت عام 1967.\n- إقامة الدولة الفلسطينية كاملة السيادة في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة وعاصمتها القدس الشرقية.دولة خالية من أي وجود عسكري واستيطاني إسرائيلي.\n- عودة اللاجئين الفلسطينيين إلى ديارهم التي شردوا منها عام 1948 طبقاً للقرار الدولي 194. …\n\nإن حزب الشعب حزب يناضل من أجل سيادة الديمقراطية في المجتمع الفلسطيني … فهو يعتبر الشعائر الدينية أي كانت هي قضية شخصية تتعلق بالعضو الحزبي وهو لا يتدخل بها . … من ناحية أخرى فإن الحزب يرفض تسييس الدين واستخدامه لأغراض حزبية وفئوية تسيء في نهاية المطاف للقيم الدينية الإيجابية، وبخاصة تلك الأساليب التي يستخدمها البعض لأغراضهم الخاصة، كمحاولة تكفير الآخرين …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f217199f-50a5-4cf9-8b9c-f0b12e981e2b", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "4fd9c55f-6ba9-437c-84b0-c240db23d3d4", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "להיות נורמלי (To Be Normal) — Noam party principles statement", "source_url": "https://noam.org.il/%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "הנורמה נקבעת לפי הרוב הגדול ביותר שניתן להתייחס אליו. […]\n\nלאורך כל הדורות, ההמשכיות של העם שלנו, עם ישראל, נקבעה לפי המשפחה. הקשר לעם דרך האימא, והייחוס המשפחתי לפי האבא. […] התחייבו לשמור ולקיים את כל המצוות והמנהגים של עם ישראל. […]\n\nבשנים האחרונות יש פגיעה מהותית בנורמליות שלנו. […]\n\nאנחנו חייבים להתעורר. לחזור להיות נורמליים. להיות עם נורמלי בארצנו!", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-07-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:47.514241+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "48e8241d-42f3-4a94-ba21-820f0c697fe5", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000061", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "نص المبادرة الوطنية الفلسطينية وبرنامجها — البيان التأسيسي (Palestinian National Initiative / al-Mubadara — founding declaration & program)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20020804230434/http://www.almubadara.org/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "لقد برهن الشعب الفلسطيني على قدرته الكفاحية، وصموده البطولي في مقاومة الاحتلال، ونضاله من أجل الحرية والاستقلال. … وقد آن الأوان لتفعيل طاقات شعبنا وتنظيمها للوصول إلى أهدافنا في تحقيق السلام العادل بإنهاء الاحتلال والاستيطان وإقامة الدولة الفلسطينية الديمقراطية المستقلة وكاملة السيادة بعاصمتها القدس، على كامل الأراضي المحتلة عام 1967، وحماية وصون حقوق اللاجئين الفلسطينيين في العودة إلى ديارهم، وتطبيق قرارات الشرعية الدولية والأمم المتحدة …\n\nإن الإصلاح والتغيير الحقيقي وحماية الشرعية الوطنية الفلسطينية لن يتحقق بإنصاف الحلول بل بالمبادرة الفورية لإجراءات جذرية وشاملة تعيد الثقة للمواطن والمناضلين الفلسطينيين …\n\nأولا - تدعيم البناء الوطني المستقل ومكافحة الفقر وتلبية احتياجات المواطنين … لبناء هياكل الدولة الفلسطينية المستقلة بحيث تكون دولة المؤسسات والمساواة والقانون والمسائلة والكفاءة. … إجراء انتخابات حرة وديمقراطية ونزيهة ودورية لكافة المؤسسات الوطنية، بما في ذلك الرئاسة وبرلمان الدولة الفلسطينية … فصل السلطات وتوازن أدوارها واحترام استقلالية الهيئات التشريعية والقضائية في التطبيق الفعلي. …\n\nثانيا – سيادة القانون واستقلال القضاء … إلغاء محاكم أمن الدولة. …\n\nثالثا - مكافحة البطالة … إلغاء كافة الاحتكارات الاقتصادية وإعادة النظر في وكالات الشركات، وتأمين حرية الاستثمار بشكل عادل ومتساو لكافة الفلسطينيين …\n\nرابعا – تأمين العيش الكريم والصحة والتعليم والضمان الاجتماعي وحماية حقوق المراة … تعزيز دور المراة الفلسطينية وتلبية حقوقها واحتياجاتها …\n\nد. حيدر عبد الشافي د. مصطفى البرغوثي م. ابراهيم الدقاق", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2002-06-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7806ebff-badf-411f-b973-8bdcd5ef387e", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000122", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "حزب الأصالة والمعاصرة — المرجعية السياسية: الديمقراطية الاجتماعية المنفتحة (PAM political reference: Open Social Democracy)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20151204014803/http://www.pamcasa.ma/documents.php", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المرجعية السياسية للحزب — تقديم عام (د. أبو الغالي)\n\nلقد شكل المؤتمر الاستثنائي لحزب الأصالة والمعاصرة ، نقلة نوعية ، في مجال توضيح هوية الحزب ، وتدقيق المنطلقات النظرية التي نشتق منها فكرنا السياسي ، و اخترنا الديمقراطية الاجتماعية المنفتحة منهجا وأفقا لبناء الحداثة والديمقراطية ، وينطلق هذا الاختيار من فهمنا للأصالة والمعاصرة كبعدين لا ينفصلان في هذا البناء …\n\nموقع النموذج الديمقراطي الاجتماعي من النظامين الرأسمالي والاشتراكي\n\nلقد اختار مجموعة من الساسة والمفكرين والقادة النقابيين طريقا ثالثا ، يحافظ على أسس النظام الديمقراطي الليبرالي واقتصاد السوق ،مع استحضار البعد الإنساني ووضع المسألة الاجتماعية في صلب اهتمامه،هو ما اصطلح عليه النموذج الاجتماعي الديمقراطي. … لقد شكلت الديمقراطية الاجتماعية قطيعة مع الأنظمة الاشتراكية الشمولية وتبنت التعددية السياسية والحزبية والاعتدال ، واستلهمت المذهب الكينزي في الاقتصاد والذي جمع بين حرية المبادرة وتدخل الدولة عند الضرورة … حيث أصبح القطاع العام، مهما باعتباره مكملا وليس منافسا لاقتصاد السوق. …\n\nكما يتميز النموذج الديمقراطي الاجتماعي بتبني فلسفة الحماية الاجتماعية، القائمة على وضع آليات دائمة لتفادي كل المشاكل الناتجة عن طوارئ الحياة …\n\nلكل هذه الاعتبارات اختار حزب الأصالة والمعاصرة ،النموذج الديمقراطي الاجتماعي، فهو نموذج وسطي معتدل ،يبتعد عن الاختيارات المتطرفة التي سارت عليها النماذج الأخرى.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2014-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "654e60a2-87bb-46ab-b3b6-965f35677bbc", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "46ecb91a-f0d2-4f27-9a45-b522fd5cbc01", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Shinui's Principles (the party's own published English statement of principles)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20030204210113/http://www.shinui.org.il/elections/eng/principles.html", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "SHINUI is a democratic, secular, Liberal, Zionist, peace-seeking party.\nA Secular State — Shinui fights against religious coercion and for a secular state with room for all opinions and beliefs. Extortion and exploitation of the public treasury for religious purposes have to end. The ultra-Orthodox establishment is a threat to the orderly administration of a free society and to the individual freedom that characterizes a democratic state. Attempts to turn Israel into a state based on Halacha (Jewish religious law) endanger our future. We seek to separate state and religion, while preserving the country's Zionist character.\nThe Peace Process — Shinui supports the peace process. However, Arafat is not a partner for peace, and negotiations have to be conducted with moderate Palestinians. The cessation of terror is an indispensable condition for progress … Israel will not evacuate settlement blocs, and these will be integrated within Israel's borders. … A Palestinian state will be established only after the Palestinians renounce their right to return.\nA Free-Market Economy — We represent the middle classes, that are the backbone of Israeli society. … A reduction in taxes will free up investment funds … The rate of privatization has to be accelerated and the state must relinquish its heavy involvement in the business sector. … we unreservedly support a free market economy …\nCivil Rights — Shinui believes that every citizen is entitled to decide what to believe, what to eat, what and where to buy, when and where to travel, where to go for entertainment, whom and how to marry, and how to be buried. Freedom of expression and freedom of association are the cornerstones of democratic life.\nEquality For Gays — Shinui upholds the struggle of the homosexual-lesbian community against all discrimination based on sexual orientation and for equal rights of single-sex couples, including the right to adopt children.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2003-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ab8a8651-2033-43f5-a090-1e0b6a8519fa", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt (2014, amended 2019) — the charter of the Sisi-era order", "source_url": "https://constitutionnet.org/vl/item/egypt-constitution-2014", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Egypt's 2014 Constitution, adopted by referendum on 14-15 January 2014 (in force on 18 January 2014) after the July 2013 removal of President Mohamed Morsi, replaced the 2012 Muslim-Brotherhood-era charter and became the foundational text of the Sisi-era order. It keeps a religious frame while barring religious parties: Article 2 declares 'Islam is the religion of the State and Arabic is its official language. The principles of Islamic Sharia are the main source of legislation', yet Article 74 provides that 'no political parties may be formed on the basis of religion' or sect, sex, origin, or geography. It entrenches sweeping military prerogatives: Article 234 required that 'the Minister of Defense shall be appointed upon the approval of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces', binding 'for two full presidential terms'; Article 204 permits trying civilians before military courts for 'crimes that constitute a direct assault against military facilities'; and the armed-forces budget is shielded via a military-dominated National Defense Council. It also adds enhanced-rights language — Article 11 commits the State to equality between women and men. The 2019 amendments (approved by referendum in April 2019) lengthened the presidential term from four to six years and, via a new transitional Article 241, reset and extended Sisi's term and allowed him an additional one, keeping him eligible to remain president until 2030.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2014-01-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "bbb57f5e-f55f-4907-b534-5b58014c8bf8", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000047", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "עקרונות המחנה הממלכתי (Principles of National Unity / The State Camp, 2022)", "source_url": "https://kachollavan.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/principles.pdf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "המחנה הממלכתי מאמין שמדינת ישראל היא מדינה יהודית ודמוקרטית, מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי, שמחזקת את ההתיישבות היהודית בארץ ישראל על פי האינטרסים הלאומיים ועל פי חוקי המדינה וכן מקיימת קשר עם יהדות התפוצות.\nנפעל כדי שהמרחב הציבורי יביא לידי ביטוי את זהותה היהודית של המדינה, ובה בעת תישמר החירות האישית של כל אזרח בלי קשר למין, דת או אמונה. נשמור על הדמוקרטיה תוך הגנה על זכויות האזרח ועל המיעוטים.\n…\nהמחנה הממלכתי יגן על המשטר הדמוקרטי וישמור על עצמאות מערכת המשפט ועל הפרדת הרשויות; נעמיד את בטחון הפנים כיעד מרכזי על ידי חיזוק הריבונות, המשילות והאכיפה בכל רחבי ישראל.\n…\nנתקן את חוק יסוד: הממשלה כך שנגביל כהונת ראש ממשלה ל8- שנים.\n…\nהמחנה הממלכתי מאמין שתפקיד המדינה לשמור על ביטחונם של אזרחי ישראל בכל מקום ובכל עת ולפעול בעוצמה נגד כל הסיכונים באזורנו. נעמיד קיר ברזל מול חורשי רעתנו לצד חיזוק הסכמי השלום.\nנקדם מעבר מתפיסה של פתרון הסכסוך לצמצום הסכסוך ונפעל למניעת היווצרותה של מדינה דו לאומית לצד קיבוע הרוב היהודי בישראל ושמירת הזהות היהודית.\n…\nנקדם תוכנית כלכלית מקיפה שתשלב בין כלכלה חופשית לצדק חברתי ותכלול רפורמות לפתיחת השוק הישראלי לתחרות וייבוא, תוך ביטול חסמים וצמצום חומות מגן מיותרות, כדי להוריד את רמת יוקר המחיה.\nנפעל להרחבת שילוב האוכלוסייה הערבית והחרדית בשוק העבודה.\n…\nנדאג לשוויון זכויות לקהילה הלהט\"בית מתוך אמונה כי לכל אדם הזכות לחיות את חייו על פי רצונו.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "47c8b874-86f0-4800-a0bb-5ee8c0a8fab2", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "815abb5e-85b1-42c7-82f6-7d12067cf0e4", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "الميثاق الوطني (ميثاق العمل الوطني) — الباب السادس: في حتمية الحل الاشتراكي (Nasser's National Charter, Ch. 6: the inevitability of the socialist solution)", "source_url": "http://nasser.bibalex.org/Data/website%20html/Nasser/Nasser--Protect/website/0024/0053/0064/620521.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "إن نمو الاحتكارات العالمية الضخم لم يترك إلا سبيلين للرأسمالية المحلية فى البلاد المتطلعة إلى التقدم:\n\nأولهما: أنها لم تعد تقدر على المنافسة إلا من وراء أسوار الحمايات الجمركية العالمية، التى تدفعها الجماهير.\n\nوالثانى: أن الأمل الوحيد لها فى النمو هو أن تربط نفسها بحركة الاحتكارات العالمية، وتقتفى أثرها، وتتحول إلى ذيل لها، وتجر أوطانها وراءها إلى هذه الهاوية الخطيرة.\n\nومن ناحية أخرى فإن اتساع مسافة التخلف فى العالم بين السابقين وبين الذين يحاولون اللحاق بهم لم تعد تسمح بأن يترك منهاج التقدم للجهود الفردية العفوية التى لا يحركها غير دافع الربح الأنانى. … إن مواجهة التحدى لا يمكن أن تتم إلا بثلاثة شروط:\n\n١- تجميع المدخرات الوطنية.\n٢- وضع كل خبرات العلم الحديث فى خدمة استثمار هذه المدخرات.\n٣- وضع تخطيط شامل لعملية الإنتاج.\n\nومن الناحية الأخرى المقابلة لجانب زيادة الإنتاج؛ وهى ناحية عدالة التوزيع، فإن الأمر يقتضى وضع برامج شاملة للعمل الاجتماعى، تعود بخيرات العمل الاقتصادى ونتائجه على الجموع الشعبية العاملة، وتصنع لها مجتمع الرفاهية الذى تتطلع إليه وتكافح لكى يقترب يومه. …\n\nإن هذا الحل الاشتراكى هو المخرج الوحيد إلى التقدم الاقتصادى والاجتماعى، وهو طريق الديمقراطية فى كل أشكالها السياسية والاجتماعية. إن سيطرة الشعب على كل أدوات الإنتاج لا تستلزم تأميم كل وسائل الإنتاج، ولا تلغى الملكية الخاصة، ولا تمس حق الإرث الشرعى المترتب عليها، وإنما يمكن الوصول إليها بطريقين:\n\nأولهما: خلق قطاع عام وقادر؛ يقود التقدم فى جميع المجالات، ويتحمل المسئولية الرئيسية فى خطة التنمية.\n\nثانيهما: وجود قطاع خاص يشارك فى التنمية فى إطار الخطة الشاملة، لها من غير استغلال؛ على أن تكون رقابة الشعب شاملة للقطاعين، مسيطرة عليهما معاً. … إن الجزء الأكبر من الخطة نتيجة لذلك كله يجب أن يقع على القطاع العام الذى يملكه الشعب بمجموعه.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1962-05-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:21:58.282381+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d71740a2-f8d1-4bb7-a767-68bdcce8ab04", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "84468d69-f3e4-4242-8ade-10bc2e5d7a3e", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "The political-religious doctrine of Kach / Meir Kahane — 'a Torah state' and the ger toshav status of non-Jews (English edition, from 'The Jewish Idea')", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210410120119/https://meir-kahane.angelfire.com/cholmoedp.html", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "G-d established the Jewish People as a holy nation, chosen, treasured and lofty, His select anointed. Their task was to accept the yoke of His kingdom, sanctify His name on earth as Supreme King … G-d, therefore, established for His holy nation a holy land. It would be a vessel to house the Jewish People and their society, the Torah state G-d obligated them to create, and to separate them from the straying nations and their culture which both errs and leads others astray. … It is clear that even inside Eretz Yisrael, G-d wished Israel to be set apart from the non-Jew and from his culture and wished the Land to be free of their influence. …\n… according to G-d's decree, any non-Jew given the right to ask to live in Eretz Yisrael must accept hard and fast conditions in accordance with the Halachah, namely tribute and servitude. … The conditions are as follows: 1) acceptance of the status of ger toshav, resident alien, with abandonment of idolatry and acceptance of the seven Noahide laws; 2) tribute 3) servitude. … these two conditions are the main ones applying to the non-Jew who wishes to dwell in Eretz Yisrael, because these serve to ensure in advance the security of the Jewish commonwealth. …\nThe question of peace in the Middle East is a question of the Arabs and the world acknowledging the total sovereignty of the Almighty. There can be no compromise on this. … the Jew who gives up part of his land as a compromise, violates the entire purpose of the rise of the Jewish State and the demand of the Almighty that the nations acknowledge Him as King. There can be no retreat from land because that is in essence a retreat also from the Kingship of the L-rd.\nNo, not hatred of the other nations, but … deep pride and thanksgiving that we are the Chosen.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1991-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:24:30.896535+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4824c5f4-d162-413d-816f-e43b12c7860f", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000124", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية — النظام الأساسي: الأهداف والمبادئ (USFP Statutes: objectives & organizing principles)", "source_url": "https://www.usfp.ma/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الباب الثاني — الأهـداف\n\nالمادة 3\nيهدف الاتحاد الاشتراكي إلى العمل على صيانة الوحدة الترابية، وإرساء دعائم الدولة الوطنية على أساس المعايير الديمقراطية وحقوق الإنسان المتعارف عليها دوليا، وبناء مجتمع اشتراكي ديمقراطي تقدميتحرري متضامن، تسوده قيم العدالة الاجتماعية والمساواة بين المواطنين. مجتمع حداثي، متطور، قادر على مواجهة تحديات ورهانات العصر، وتعبئة كل القدرات المادية والبشرية للاندماج في التطور العلمي والتكنولوجي؛ في أفق تحقيق تنمية اقتصادية واجتماعية وثقافية مستدامة، تتمحور حول القيمة القصوى للإنسان المغربي وتراثه الحضاري المتنور بأبعاده الإسلامية والعربية والأمازيغية.\n\nو يعمل الاتحاد الاشتراكي على مناصرة السلم والقضايا العادلة للشعوب، ودعم حركات التحرر الوطني، وتعزيز أواصر التضامن معها ومع القوى الاشتراكية و الديمقراطية في العالم.\n\n… الباب الرابع — المبادئ المؤطرة للحياة التنظيمية للاتحـاد الاشتراكي\n\nالمادة 20\nيقوم نظام الاتحاد الاشتراكي على أساس الديمقراطية الداخلية التي تخول لجميع الأعضاء … التمتع بالحقوق المقررة للأعضاء دون تمييز لأي سبب من الأسباب …\n\nالمادة 22\nالديمقراطية في مفهوم هذا النظام الأساسي ليست وسيلة لحسم التنافس على المهام والمسؤوليات فقط، بل هي منهج وسلوك والتزام؛ … من حيث يجب أن يتشبع جميع المنخرطين بقيم التسامح، واحترام الرأي المخالف …\n\nالمادة 26\nيتعين الحرص على تمثيل النساء في الأجهزة الحزبية التنفيذية والتقريرية بحسب الثلث في أفق المناصفة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2013-10-05", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f513a979-1830-4fd5-b75d-540adc06f839", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia (2022) — adopted by referendum under President Kais Saied", "source_url": "https://constitutionnet.org/news/project-presidents-constitution-it-time-close-democratic-parenthesis-tunisia", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The constitution adopted by referendum on 25 July 2022 under President Kais Saied replaced the 2014 charter and installed a hyper-presidential system. The president determines the general policy of the state (Art. 100), freely appoints and dismisses the head of government and ministers, and the government is accountable to him (Arts. 101-102), reversing the 2014 text in which the head of government led the executive. The president is nearly impossible to remove: no-confidence motions require half of each chamber's signatures and a two-thirds combined majority, while Art. 116 lets the president dissolve parliament. On religion, the 2014 Article 1 (Islam as the country's religion, balanced by the state's civil character) is supplanted: Art. 5 declares 'Tunisia is a part of the Islamic Ummah, and the state alone must work to achieve the aims [maqasid] of pure Islam', importing fiqh-derived language for the first time. A weakened bicameral parliament adds an indirectly elected National Council of Regions and Districts (Art. 81) alongside the Assembly. The referendum passed with about 30.5% turnout and 94.6% yes amid an opposition boycott (Ennahda, the National Salvation Front); it entered into force on 16 August 2022.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-07-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2a17ecc6-c693-4a74-981c-60422109d5e0", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000260", "country_id": "MA", "title": "Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco (2011) — granted by King Mohammed VI after the February 20 protests", "source_url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Morocco_2011", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The reform constitution King Mohammed VI granted in response to the February 20 (Arab Spring) protest movement, approved by referendum on 1 July 2011. It redefines Morocco as 'a constitutional, democratic, parliamentary and social Monarchy' (Art. 1) and expands the rights chapter, including equality of men and women (Art. 19). For the first time it makes Amazigh an official language: 'Tamazight constitutes an official language of the State, being common patrimony of all Moroccans without exception' (Art. 5), alongside Arabic. The Head of Government ('President of the Government') gains real executive standing and must now be drawn from the winning party: 'The King appoints the Head of Government from within the political party arriving ahead in the elections of the members of the Chamber of Representatives' (Art. 47); the judiciary is declared independent (Art. 107). Yet the monarchy stays dominant: the King remains 'Commander of the Faithful' (Amir al-Mu'minin) who 'sees to the respect for Islam' (Art. 41), is 'Supreme Head of the Royal Armed Forces' (Art. 53) and 'Supreme Arbiter between the institutions' (Art. 42), retaining control of religion, security and the military — a 'reform without revolution' bargain.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-07-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:13.743507+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "801c3256-d42e-40f2-a253-5dfd2d59ce2f", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000120", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "البرنامج الانتخابي لحزب العدالة والتنمية 2021 (PJD 2021 electoral programme — the 5 axes)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250522140657/https://www.pjd.ma/156591-81594.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "يتقدم حزب العدالة والتنمية إلى الانتخابات التشريعية 2021 ببرنامج انتخابي طموح يجسد من خلاله وفائه الدائم لقضايا الوطن، وانخراطه المتجدد في مواصلة خدمة المواطنات والمواطنين وتحقيق تطلعاتهم، بثبات ومسؤولية واجتهاد، وفق منهجية إصلاحية ترتكز على التعاون المبدئي والثابت مع المؤسسة الملكية، ونبذ الصراع والتنازع على السلطة، وتغليب ثقافة الحوار والتوافق والشراكة مع مختلف الفرقاء الحزبيين والنقابيين والجمعويين. …\n\nانطلاقا من هذه الركائز والمنطلقات، يسعى حزب العدالة والتنمية … إلى المساهمة في (1) تحصين الأبعاد الديمقراطية والحقوقية والسياسية، (2) تقليص الفقر والحد من الفوارق الاجتماعية وضمان الولوج العادل للخدمات العمومية، وتنزيل مشروع الحماية الاجتماعية الشاملة والعادلة، (3) تعزيز شروط الإقلاع الاقتصادي في المجالات الفلاحية والصناعية والطاقية والرقمية…\n\nأولا، تعزيز الموقع السياسي والاستراتيجي والإشعاعي للمغرب في محيطه الإقليمي والجهوي والدولي. من خلال تحصين مكتسبات القضية الوطنية وتعزيز الوحدة الترابية شمالا وجنوبا، ومواصلة حشد الزخم الدولي للاعتراف التام بالسيادة المغربية على الصحراء، … والحرص على مواصلة ترسيخ التوجه الإفريقي للمغرب،\n\nثانيا، تحسين المناخ الديمقراطي والسياسي والحقوقي من خلال تكريس سلوك نموذجي للدولة ومؤسساتها تجاه تنزيل وتنفيذ مقتضيات الدستور، والتطبيع النهائي مع الديمقراطية، واحترام الإرادة الشعبية، والحرص على دعم استقلالية القضاء، تقوية الأحزاب السياسية وتطوير أدوارها، مع تعزيز دور البرلمان …\n\nخامسا، توطيد الانتقال إلى مصادر جديدة للنمو، وتعزيز تنافسية الاقتصاد الوطني، سواء من خلال توجيه التحفيزات العمومية لخدمة الاقتصاد المنتج، وتحرير الطاقات الكامنة ومحاربة الريع، … وتعزيز الانتقال نحو الاقتصاد الأخضر، وتطوير الاقتصاد الأزرق، وتقوية الاقتصاد الاجتماعي والتضامني.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-08-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e26738aa-0b27-45f2-8281-95011873e567", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Oslo Accords — Israel-PLO mutual recognition & the Declaration of Principles (September 1993)", "source_url": "https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2024/05/israel-plo20mutual20recognition.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In an exchange of letters dated 9 September 1993, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat wrote to Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin that \"The PLO recognizes the right of the State of Israel to exist in peace and security,\" accepted UN Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, and declared that \"the PLO renounces the use of terrorism and other acts of violence.\" In reply, Rabin confirmed that Israel had decided to recognize the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people. On 13 September 1993, at the White House, the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements was signed by Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and PLO negotiator Mahmoud Abbas, witnessed by US and Russian officials and sealed by the Rabin-Arafat handshake hosted by President Bill Clinton. The Declaration established a Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority (the Palestinian Authority) and an elected Council for a transitional period not exceeding five years, leading to a permanent settlement based on Resolutions 242 and 338.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1993-09-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "97bdee19-3ae7-4869-9fbc-918ed178fe06", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "برنامج حزب الوفد — ثوابت الوفد والبرنامج الانتخابي (New Wafd Party programme — 'Wafd Constants' + electoral programme)", "source_url": "https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ثوابت الوفد\n\nالإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع ولأصحاب الديانات السماويه الأخـرى حق الإحتكام إلى شرائعهم في أحوالهم الشخصيه وشئونهم الدينيه . الوحدة الوطنية هي صمام أمن وسلامة واستقرار البلاد .. والمواطنه هي أساس الحقوق والواجبات . نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله و نرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم. الديمقراطية القائمة على أسس التعدد الحزبيه والفكريه واحترام حقوق الإنسان والحريات العامه وتداول السلطة بإنتخابات حرة ونزيهة تحت إشراف قضائى كامل .. العدالة الإجتماعية القائمة على حسن توزيع الدخل وتقريب الفوارق بين الطبقات وضمان حد أدنى من الدخل لكل مواطن يكفل له حياه كريمه. الدور الإقليمى الرائد لمصر في محيطها العربي والإسلامي والأفريقي وبناء علاقات مصر الإقليميه و الدولية على أساس من الندية و التعاون والتكامل.\n…\nثامن عشر : الإقتصاد والإستثمار\n\nيتبنى الوفد التنميه الشامله على أساس إعادة الهيكلة المالية بما يخفف من ديونها الداخلية والخارجية والإعتماد على نظام الاقتصاد الحر والذي يعطي للقطاع الخاص النصيب الأكبر في تحقيق برامج التنمية الإستثماريه والحد من الإقتراض ، وإعادة النظر في قوانين ضرائب الدخل وزيادة حد الإعفاء الضريبي لمحدودي الدخل بما يؤدي إلى عدالة توزيع الدخل .\n…\nعشرون : السياسه الخارجيه\n\n1. دول العالم العربي والإسلامي والأفريقي هي الدائره الرئيسيه للسياسة الخارجيه المصرية ، ونصرة قضاياها – وفي مقدمتها قضيتا فلسطين ومختلف قضايا التحرر – ركيزه أساسيه لهذه السياسة . … 4. بناء علاقات مصر الإقليميه على أساس من التعاون والتكامل ، وإجراء حوار استراتيجي مع إيران وتركيا حول مستقبل المنطقه ومراجعة عمليه التسويه والاتفاقات مع إسرائيل على أساس أنه لا سلام حقيقياً في ظل العدوان والإجحاف وإنتهاك الحق الفلسطيني في دولة ذات سيادة قادرة على البقاء .", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-11-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "69e16a46-e1e3-4430-ae58-bbe9a14f2ca8", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000330", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SD", "title": "دستور حزب الأمة القومي (1945 المعدل 2009) — المبادئ والأهداف (Constitution of the National Umma Party — Principles & Objectives)", "source_url": "https://www.alsadigalmahdi.com/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المبادئ والأهداف والوسائل\nيستهدى الحزب بالمبادئ الآتية :-\nأ- الديمقراطية والمؤسسية.\nب- المواطنة كأساس للحقوق والواجبات.\nج- كفالة الحريات والحقوق الأساسية للمواطنين وإقامة وتأمين حكم ديمقراطي ينبذ العنف ويعزز ويؤكد مبدأ التداول السلمي للسلطة.\nد- الالتزام بحقوق الإنسان المضمنة في المواثيق الأساسية والمعاهدات الدولية.\nهـ- الالتزام بروح المشاركة والمساءلة والمحاسبة والشفافية وسيادة حكم القانون.\nو- الاعتراف بالتنوع الثقافي والديني والعرقي وحماية حقوق الأقليات والمجموعات الوطنية.\nز- الالتزام بالنهج القومي حيال قضايا الأمة السودانية.\nح- إقامة نظام حكم ديمقراطي لا مركزي قوامه التعددية الحزبية.\nل- إعتماد مبدأ العدالة والتوازن في توزيع السلطة والثروة.\nالأهداف\nيسعى الحزب لتحقيق الأهداف الآتية :-\nأ- صون سيادة واستقلال السودان.\nب- توطين الديمقراطية وحماية الحريات الأساسية والحقوق.\nد- تحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المستدامة وضمان التوزيع العادل للثروة وتحقيق العدالة والرفاه الاجتماعي.\nهـ- تأمين وتأكيد وحدة السودان الطوعية وصيانة أمنه القومي.\n…\nالعضوية\nحزب الأمة حزب سياسي ديمقراطي لا مركزي مجتمعي عضويته متاحة لكل سوداني وسودانية يؤمن بأهدافه ومبادئه دون تمييز بسبب العرق أو الدين أو النوع أو الجهة …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2009-03-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f3cbb0c6-91c6-4efe-9a2b-6b63ea25a45e", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000071", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "مبادئ الحزب المصري الديمقراطي الاجتماعي (Egyptian Social Democratic Party — Statement of Principles)", "source_url": "https://egysdp.org/?page_id=7151", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "العدالة الاجتماعية التي ننشدها هي التي تعمل على تصحيح الخلل الاجتماعي الذي يجعل الفقراء يزدادون فقرا وعددا، ويمنع الحراك الاجتماعي، ويحرم المواطن من الحد الأدنى من العيش الكريم. لذلك فإن مفهومنا للعدالة الاجتماعية لا يكتفي بتقديم الإعانات والمسكنات للفقراء بهدف إحتواء التوتر الاجتماعي، وإنما ينهض على بناء شبكة متكاملة للحماية الاجتماعية، أساسها توفير خدمات التعليم والرعاية الصحية للجميع، والاستثمار في فرص العمل للشباب، وضمان السكن الملائم ووسائل الانتقال بأسعار في متناول الشعب، وتطبيق نظام الاستهداف الذي يوجه الدعم لمستحقيه، مع استكمال تطبيق الحد الأدنى للأجور خاصة بالقطاع الخاص ، وتوسيع قاعدة دافعي الضرائب.\n\nيؤمن الحزب بالديمقراطية أساسا للتنظيم السياسي للدولة والمجتمع، وذلك على كافة المستويات، وبشكل يحقق جوهر المشاركة في الحكم وتداول السلطة. ولذلك فإن الحزب يتمسك بحرية العمل السياسي والتظاهر السلمي والعمل الأهلي والنشاط الحزبي، وبفتح مجال المشاركة السياسية دون إقصاء لكل من لم يمارس عنفا أو فسادا …\n\nالمواطنة بالمفهوم الديمقراطي الاجتماعي تعني المساواة التامة بين المواطنين دون تردد ودون استثناء، ورفض كافة أنواع التمييز على أساس النوع أو الدين أو السن أو العقيدة أو الموطن أو الوضع الاجتماعي أو غير ذلك. …\n\nيهدف اقتصاد السوق المنضبط اجتماعيا إلى إطلاق طاقات المجتمع الاقتصادية والبشرية معا، عن طريق التوازن بين حماية الملكية الخاصة وتشجيع الاستثمار والإنتاج والتشغيل، وبين قيام الدولة بدور فعال في توفير المناخ القانوني والرقابة على الأسواق ومحاربة الإحتكار والاستثمار في البنية التحتية وفي الصناعات الاستراتيجية والأساسية. …\n…\nتعد جمهورية مصر العربية حجر الزاوية في منظومة الاستقرار الإقليمي … والاستمرار في الدفاع عن حق الشعب الفلسطيني في مواجهة الاحتلال الاسرائيلي، وشعوب العراق وسوريا وليبيا واليمن في استعادة وحدة أراضيها في ظل نظم ديمقراطية منتخبة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-03-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c74ca595-db3b-4a09-bdf7-4e2d0c720439", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000114", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "البيان التأسيسي لحركة الشعب الوحدوية التقدمية (Founding Declaration of the Unionist Progressive People's Movement — the Nasserist current of حركة الشعب)", "source_url": "http://union-arab.blogspot.com/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "بيان تأسيسي\n\n… حركة الشّعب الوحدويّة التقدميّة امتداد لنضالات خاضتها جماهير الشعب العربي في تونس تعبيرا عن تجذّرها في عمقها العربي و تجسّد للوعي العربي بوحدة مصير الأمّة وبضرورة تحريرها من واقع التخلّف والاضطهاد والاستعمار وتجاوزها لطارئ الإقليميّة والتجزئة و من أجل تحقيق كرامة الإنسان العربي وحقّه في حياة مدنيّة تضمن حقوقه السياسيّة والاجتماعيّة والاقتصاديّة والثقافيّة. وقد كانت ثورة يوليو 1952 المجيدة بقيادة الزعيم جمال عبد الناصر تجسيدا لحلم عربي في تحرير الوطن ووحدته وحريّة المواطن. … أعلنا حركة الشّعب الوحدوية التقدمية، حزبا سياسيا يهدف إلى:\n\n- تجسيد تطلّعات شعبنا العظيم في تونس التي عبّر عنها من خلال ثورته العظيمة التي أطاحت بأوّل عروش الإقليميّة الرجعيّة.\n\n- الدفاع عن قيم الجمهوريّة في ظلّ نظام ديمقراطي مؤسّساتي؛ · ضمان الحريات العامة والفردية واستقلاليّة القضاء وحريّة الإعلام والحق في التعبير والاجتماع المدني دون إقصاء أو تهميش.· الدفاع عن الهويّـة العربية الإسلاميّــــة لشعبنا في تونس دون طمس أو تغريب ولا مغالاة أو تعصّب في ظل مؤسسات مدنية تضمن علويّة القوانين و تشرّع لحداثة الدولة في سياق إمتدادها التاريخي.\n\n- العمل على إرساء نظام اقتصادي عادل ومنفتح على محيطه العربي والإفريقي والعالمي، يكرّس مبدأ التوازن بين الجهات والشرائح متحرّرا من التبعيّة لدوائر الاحتكار العالمي تتحمّل فيه الدولة المسؤوليّة الأولى في التنمية ومواجهة مشاكل الفقر والبطالة.\n\nنؤكّد أنّ ما افتكّ بالقوة لا يسترجع إلا بقوّة الجماهير، ولذا نرفض كلّ الحلول الانهزامية ونتمسّك بكلّ أشكال المقاومة التي تمكّننا من تحرير كل فلسطين وإقامة وطننا العربي الموحّد من المحيط إلى الخليج.\n\n- تنادي الحركة بضرورة التصدّي لمشاريع التطبيع مع الكيان الصهيوني الغاصب للأرض العربية المحتلة بجميع أشكاله السياسية والاقتصادية والفكرية والأكاديمية …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-03-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "49e52da5-5949-4134-869a-ddcd143da83d", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "32ae1369-e0d8-4a70-ad13-30f1910da5de", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SD", "title": "النظام الأساسي لحزب المؤتمر الوطني — الفصل الثاني: المبادئ والأهداف (NCP Basic Statute — Ch. 2: Principles & Objectives)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20080919081154/http://www.ncp.sd/mainsys2.php", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "يسعى المؤتمر إلى تحقيق المبادئ والأهداف التالية :\nأ . إقرار الحاكمية في الدولة لله يسعى الإنسان فيها مُستخلفاً عبادة لله ، وحملاً للأمانة ، وعمارة للوطن ، وبسطاً للتدين والعدل والحرية والشورى في المجتمع ، وإرساءً للتشريع على مبادئ الشرع الحنيف وإجماع الأمة وأعرافها .\nب. العمل على توجيه الحياة العامة والخاصة لعبادة الله بالتزام شرائع الكتب السماوية ، وحفظ الدين للمسلمين والمسيحيين وأهل الملل الأخرى ، بقيم الاستقامة والطهارة وحفز دوافع البر والخير والتكافل الإجتماعى .\nج. تحقيق الوحدة الوطنية ولاءً لله ، وتصافياً بين أهل السودان كافة ، وتآلفاً يثريه التباين العرقي والثقافي والديني ، وتعاوناً على اقتسام السلطة والثروة بعدالة …\nه. ترسيخ الحكم على الشورى والديمقراطية في مستواه الاتحادي والولائي والمحلى ارتكازا على خيار النظام الرئاسي للدولة .\n…\nح. السعي لتطهير المجتمع من الفساد والجريمة والجنوح والخمر وترقية الأخلاق والآداب العامة أمراً بالمعروف ونهياً عن المنكر …\nل. إعلاء قيم الجهاد والفداء في سبيل الحق والوطن دفاعاً عن الأمن الوطني، وعن القيم والمصالح الوطنية العليا ، بتعبئة القوات النظامية والشعبية …\nم. السعي لتنمية الاقتصاد الوطني بزيادة الإنتاج وتحرير السوق ومنع الاحتكار والربا والغش ، وإنفاذ الزكاة بين المسلمين ، وتشجيع الصدقات والأوقاف والعون، والعمل على مكافحة الفقر …\nس. التأمين على الوضع الانتقالي لجنوب السودان وفق اتفاقيات السلام ولحين تقرير المصير ، والترويج لخيار الوحدة الوطنية القائمة على الحرية والعدل والمساواة …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2008-09-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2fa220fc-c021-4197-8dfb-8552846381e1", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000314", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "Proclamation du Front des Forces Socialistes (29 septembre 1963) — FFS founding declaration", "source_url": "https://ffs.dz/proclamation-du-front-des-forces-socialistes/", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "Les deux mascarades électorales ont clarifié la situation politique et fait apparaître l'opposition d'un homme assoiffé de pouvoir aux traditions révolutionnaires et démocratiques de notre peuple, d'une minorité d'usurpateurs à la majorité des citoyens, d'un clan à la nation, d'un groupe d'inconditionnels à l'ensemble des militants, pour qui la construction du socialisme est inséparable du respect de la personne humaine, de la liberté et de l'adhésion consciente.\n\nLe potentat règne malgré le peuple et contre le peuple, et déjà en violation flagrante de la pseudo-constitution. La torture sévit dans les locaux de la P.R.G. de la gendarmerie et de la sécurité militaire. …\n\n– considérant que ce régime néo- fasciste est la négation tout à la fois de la révolution, de l'unité nationale et de l'État souverain au service des citoyens et sous leur contrôle ; …\n\nLe peuple algérien ne se laissera pas bâillonner, la révolution est l'œuvre de ses sacrifices, de sa vigilance révolutionnaire. Les conquêtes socialistes sont les conquêtes des masses populaires qui exigeront le moment venu que l'autogestion ouvrière et paysanne notamment soit sanctionnée par la Constitution ; et que l'exercice du pouvoir par le peuple soit considéré comme un acquis de la révolution, comme un fondement de notre première Constitution et non pas mentionné comme un simple «objectif à atteindre».\n\nOui ! À une idéologie d'avant-garde non octroyée aux militants ! à une plate-forme constructive et à une Constitution élaborée par la base !\n\n… Le pouvoir a fermé la porte à toute possibilité dialogue. Le comité central du FFS déclare ce pouvoir illégal. Il décide : De mettre en œuvre tous les moyens dont il dispose, pour arrêter net ce processus de fascisation. De mettre fin au pouvoir dictatorial et au régime personnel qui tente de s'imposer à notre pays, ordonne à ses militants d'engager, à partir de ce jour, le combat décisif, dans la discipline et le strict respect des directives.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1963-09-29", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "441df93f-ee78-4359-9cac-6fe9252edaff", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000504", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "مبادئ وأهداف وأسس بناء المجلس الانتقالي الجنوبي (Principles, Goals & Foundations of the Southern Transitional Council)", "source_url": "https://stcaden.com/posts/7459", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "أولاً: المبادئ:\nيتأسس المجلس الانتقالي الجنوبي ويمارس نشاطه في سبيل تحقيق أهدافه وفق الآتي:\n\n1)الجنوب العربي ــ بحدوده الدولية المتعارف عليها بـ(جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية) قبل 22 مايو 1990م ــ وطنٌ وهويةٌ وطنيةٌ جامعةٌ لكل أبنائه بمختلف شرائحهم وأطيافهم وانتماءاتهم السياسية والاجتماعية والثقافية، وغيرها، دون تمييز بينهم في حقوق وواجبات المواطنة المتساوية التي يضمنها الدستور وتشريعات الدولة الوطنية الجنوبية المستقلة المنشودة …\n\n2)شعب الجنوب العربي صاحب السيادة على كامل ترابه الوطني، ومصدر كل سلطة وشرعيتها، ويمارس سلطته بصورة مباشرة عن طريق الاستفتاء الشعبي العام والانتخابات الحرة النزيهة، أو بصورة غير مباشرة بواسطة ممثليه المنتخبين …\n\n3)قضية شعب الجنوب بجذورها وأبعادها وتداعياتها؛ هي: قضية أرض وإنسان، وسيادة مغتصبة، وثروة منهوبة، وهوية يراد طمسها، أنتجها فشل مشروع وحدة 22 مايو 1990 …\n\n4)جسّدت ثورة شعب الجنوب التحررية بمساريها السلمي (الحراك الجنوبي) والمسلح (المقاومة الجنوبية) … حقه المشروع في استعادة سيادته ونيل استقلاله التام من احتلال صنعاء ومنظومة حكمها المستبدة، وإعادة بناء دولته الوطنية الفيدرالية المستقلة على كامل ترابه الوطني بحدوده المتعارف عليها دولياً قبل 22 مايو 1990م.\n\n6)الجنوب العربي جزء من الهوية العربية والإسلامية، وأمنه جزء من أمن واستقرار الجزيرة والمنطقة العربية والعالم. …\n\nثانياً: الأهداف: … 5)مكافحة التطرف والإرهاب، وحماية الأمن والاستقرار في المنطقة، بالشراكة مع المجتمعين الإقليمي والدولي. 6)تعزيز العلاقة والشراكة مع دول التحالف العربي، بقيادة المملكة العربية السعودية ودولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة. …\n\nثالثاً: أسس بناء المجلس الانتقالي الجنوبي: … د. ليس حزباً ولا مكوناً سياسياً أو اجتماعياً أو فئوياً أو نخبوياً.. إلخ، له مشروع سياسي خاص بأعضائه وأتباعه ومناصريه، بل هو إطار قيادي وطني ينظم وينسق قدرات وإمكانيات قوى ونخب الشعب وأفراده صوب تحقيق أهدافه وتطلعاته. …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-08-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a3535570-3099-48ed-8f27-7e326d5ab67f", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Abraham Accords signed at the White House — Israel normalizes with the UAE and Bahrain, 15 September 2020", "source_url": "https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Abraham-Accords-signed-FINAL-15-Sept-2020-508-1.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 15 September 2020, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed the US-brokered Abraham Accords at a White House ceremony hosted by President Donald Trump, alongside UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Bahraini Foreign Minister Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani. The UAE and Bahrain became the first Arab states to establish full diplomatic relations with Israel since Jordan in 1994, breaking with the long-standing Arab consensus — embodied in the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative — that normalization should follow the creation of a Palestinian state. Morocco (announced 10 December 2020) and Sudan (announced 23 October 2020) joined the framework later the same year.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2020-09-15", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:14.604539+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4101d36d-feab-427d-b3f6-e6fc28a8f517", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "المبادئ العامة — النظام العام لحزب الكتائب اللبنانية (Kataeb Party general principles, Articles 1–10)", "source_url": "https://lebanesekataeb.com/home/general-principles", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المادة ١: يؤلف اللبنانيون واللبنانيات والمتحدرون والمتحدرات من اصل لبناني وكل من يلتزم مبادئ وأهداف الحزب والنظام العام، حزباً سياسياً إسمه \"حزب الكتائب اللبنانية - الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني\".\n\nالمادة ٢: يؤمن الكتائبيون والكتائبيات بأن لبنان هو وطن نهائي يستمد وجوده السياسي من تاريخه ودوره، ومن مدى إرادة ابنائه في الحياة معًا، ومن كونه ملاذ الانسان الحرّ ونقطة تلاقٍ بين المعتقدات والثقافات والحضارات في اطار الديمقراطية والتعدُّدية ضمن الوحدة وثقافة الحوار.\n\nالمادة ٣: يلتزم الكتائبيون والكتائبيات النضال المستدام في خدمة لبنان وسيادته واستقلاله ووحدته والحريات فيه من دون أي تمييز او تفضيل بين ابنايه الا من حيث الجدارة والولاء المطلق للوطن.\n\nالمادة ٤: يعتنق الكتائبيون والكتائبيات الديمقراطية الاجتماعية منظومة فكرية وانسانية تقوم على نظام الحريات الذي يكفل الحرية الشخصية، وحرية المعتقد والرأي قولاً وكتابةً وممارسة، وحرية الاجتماع وتأليف الجمعيات والاحزاب والتظاهر والاعتصام والاضراب وفق الشروط التي تنص عليها شرعة حقوق الانسان والقانون. كما تكفل الديمقراطية الاجتماعية نظام الاقتصاد الحر والملكية الخاصة والتعليم الحر، والعدالة الاجتماعية، وحقوق الانسان، وتكافؤ الفرص، والمساواة في الحقوق والواجبات.\n\nالمادة ٥: يعمل الكتائبيون والكتائبيات في سبيل دولة لبنانية عصرية وحديثة، قادرة وعادلة ومتوازنة وشفافة، قوامها النظام الجمهوري البرلماني الديمقراطي حيث الشعب مصدر كل السلطات، وحيث تمارس السلطات صلاحياتها عبر مؤسساتها الدستورية، وحيث يسود القانون والتنمية المتوازنة بين مختلف المناطق والشرائح الاجتماعية.\n\nالمادة ٦: انطلاقا من أن لبنان عضو مؤسس لجامعة الدول العربية يعمل حزب الكتائب اللبنانية مع الدول والاحزاب والهيئات العربية في سبيل التضامن ومن اجل النهوض والدفاع عن القضايا المشتركة والمحقة.\n\nالمادة ٧: يناهض حزب الكتائب اللبنانية كل اشكال الظلم والاستبداد والطغيان والاقطاعية والتبعية والعنصرية والاحتلال، ويدافع عن حقوق الشعوب في الاستقلال والتحرر وتقرير المصير والترقي.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9f774f65-6771-4202-95a0-2b32e32e5469", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000312", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "البرنامج السياسي لحركة مجتمع السلم (المؤتمر السابع الاستثنائي، 2018) — MSP Political Programme", "source_url": "https://hmsalgeria.net/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الفصل الأول : التوجه السياسي العام واستراتيجية المشاركة\n– حركة مجتمع السلم حركة سياسية شعبية إصلاحية شاملة، تعتمد على منهج تغييري سلمي وسطي معتدل، يستهدف بناء الفرد والأسرة والمجتمع، وتشارك في العملية السياسية من أجل استكمال بناء الدولة الجزائرية الديمقراطية الاجتماعية ذات السيادة في إطار المبادئ الإسلامية، من خلال التداول السلمي على السلطة، بالوسائل الديمقراطية. …\n\nالفصل الثاني: المبادئ والثوابت\n… النظام الجمهوري والتعددية السياسية في ظل التداول السلمي على السلطة. الحرية وحقوق الإنسان. العدالة وتكافؤ الفرص في ظل المواطنة الكاملة. مبدأ الشورى والخيار الديمقراطي. …\n\nالفصل الثالث : الأهـداف العامة\n… اعتماد مبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية مصدرا أساسيا للتشريع. العمل على تحقيق الإصلاح الدستوري بهدف تعميق النظام الجمهوري، وسيادة القانون، وتحقيق الفصل والتوازن بين السلطات. …\n\nالفصل الرابع: السياسات الاقتصادية\n– تعتمد الحركة سياسة اقتصادية بديلة تقوم على منهج المشاركة، وأولوية الاستثمار، وتسخير الموارد لصناعة الثروة المتجددة. … اعتماد نظام الصيرفة الإسلامية في المنظومة البنكية، وتكييف قانون النقد والقرض لهذا الغرض. … المحافظة على القطاع العام الاستراتيجي باعتباره مكسبا وطنيا، وتشجيع القطاع الخاص المنتج وترقية دورهما. …\n\nالفصل العاشر: توجهات السياسة الخارجية وقضايا الأمة\n… تجريم الاستعمار الفرنسي، ومطالبته بالاعتراف والاعتذار والتعويض. دعم حق الشعوب في تقرير مصيرها واختيار حكامها ورفض التدخل الأجنبي. دعم ونصرة القضية الفلسطينية … وحماية القدس من التهويد. مقاومة التطبيع مع الكيان الصهيوني بكل أشكاله.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-05-12", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3b486dfe-895e-45f7-aa0c-09b183563113", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000503", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "البرنامج السياسي للحزب الاشتراكي اليمني — المؤتمر العام الخامس (YSP Political Programme, 5th General Congress)", "source_url": "https://althawry.net/?page_id=4743", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المدخـــل\n\nالحزب الاشتراكي اليمني هو حزب وطني ديمقراطي اجتماعي يناضل في الجمهورية اليمنية من أجل إزالة آثار حرب 1994، واصلاح مسار الوحدة والاصلاح الشامل للنظام السياسي من أجل الحفاظ على الوحدة والنظام الجمهوري وتعميق الديمقراطية، والدفع بعجلة الحداثة والتنمية وتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية.\n\nيتمسك الحزب بتعاليم الدين الإسلامي الحنيف ويحافظ على العقيدة الإسلامية السمحاء، ويستمد من روح الدين الإسلامي مضامين النضال من أجل نصرة المستضعفين وتجسيد قيم الحق والشورى والحرية والعدالة والمساواة … ويقر الحزب بالتعدد الفكري في صفوفه …\n\nيناضل الحزب من اجل تجسيد وتكريس الديمقراطية كمنظومة متكاملة، وكأساس للنظام السياسي للبلاد، بكل ما تتضمنه من مبادئ وأسس تكفل المواطنة المتساوية وحريات وحقوق الإنسان، والتعددية الحزبية والسياسية، والتداول السلمي للسلطة؛ ويتبع الحزب أساليب ووسائل النضال السلمي الديمقراطي ويرفض استخدام العنف والإرهاب في حسم الصراعات السياسية. …\n\nالفصل الأول — إصلاح النظام السياسي لبناء دولة الوحدة الديمقراطية الحديثة …\n\n1 : الإصلاح الدستوري وسيادة سلطة النظام والقانون:\n… 1 – قيام الحياة البرلمانية على أساس نظام الغرفتين المنتخبتين عبر الاقتراع العام: مجلس النواب ومجلس الشورى. 2 – تحديد السقف الزمني لهيئات السلطة العليا بخمس سنوات لرئيس الجمهورية وأربع سنوات للبرلمان بغرفتيه. … 5 – إيجاد الضمانات الدستورية الكافية للفصل بين الدولة والحزب أو الأحزاب الحاكمة. 6 – تحقيق الفصل الكامل بين السلطات الثلاث التشريعية والتنفيذية والقضائية. …\n\n2 : الديمقراطية وحقوق الإنسان:\n… و – كفالة حقوق متساوية لكافة المواطنين، ومنع التمييز على أساس الجنس، أو اللون، أو المذهب، أو الدين، أو الانتماء، أو العقيدة …\n\n3 : التداول السلمي للسلطة، وتطوير النظام الانتخابي: … ب – تعديل النظام الانتخابي من نظام الدائرة الفردية إلى نظام القوائم الانتخابية والتمثيل النسبي. … د – النص في القانون على نسبة إلزامية كحد أدنى لترشيح المرأة …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2005-07-31", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0426619a-53a0-4b8d-b977-9602e3dcb816", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000311", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "التجمع الوطني الديمقراطي — المبادئ الأساسية (من القانون الأساسي)", "source_url": "https://www.marefa.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1)", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المبادئ الأساسية للحزب\n\nالتجمع الوطني الديمقراطي المؤسس على مبادئ وأهداف بيان فاتح نوفمبر 1954، هو تنظيم سياسي وطني، يعبر عن ضمير الأمة ، ويستجيب لطموحات المواطنين والمواطنات الأحرار، متفتح لا يدعي الإحتكار، ولا يسلك الإقصاء ، لا يتنكر لإنتماء الأمة الحضاري، ولا يذوب في أوعية الغير غير منغلق على نفسه ، يناضل من أجل الحداثة والعصرنة، منطلقاته الأساسية و مرجعيته الفكرية هي الرصيد التاريخي للحركة الوطنية للأمة .\n\nتجمع ديمقراطي يؤمن بالتعددية السياسية و بالتناوب على السلطة بالطرق السلمية ، يدافع عن الحرية ويعمل على استقطاب القوى الحية من الشعب من أجل تحقيق أهداف وطنية.\n\nتجمع يناضل من أجل التعبير الحر وترسيخ مبادئ العدالة الإجتماعية وحقوق الإنسان وتجسيد مبدأ التضامن الوطني ويعمل من أجل تطوير الجزائر ورقيها في ظل الأمن و الإستقرار والوئام.\n\nتجمع يسعى لتحقيق التطور الإقتصادي المتكامل، المتزن والشامل بما يكفل تنمية متوازنة تجعل من البعد الإجتماعي عاملا جوهريا في تحقيق السلم الإجتماعي والإستقرار السياسي.\n\nتجمع وطني في منطلقاته وأهدافه ، ديمقراطي في منهجه وممارساته. تجمع الأصالة ، الحرية والعدالة يخضع في تنظيمه وفي قواعد عمله لأحكام الدستور وقوانين الجمهورية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1997-02-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "86cbb0d6-15d4-49f0-b6ac-d2c13ac904fd", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (1948)", "source_url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "ERETZ-ISRAEL [the Land of Israel] was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here their spiritual, religious and political identity was shaped. Here they first attained to statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance and gave to the world the eternal Book of Books.\n\nOn the 29th November, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution calling for the establishment of a Jewish State in Eretz-Israel […] This right is the natural right of the Jewish people to be masters of their own fate, like all other nations, in their own sovereign State.\n\nACCORDINGLY WE, MEMBERS OF THE PEOPLE'S COUNCIL, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF ERETZ-ISRAEL AND OF THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT […] HEREBY DECLARE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A JEWISH STATE IN ERETZ-ISRAEL, TO BE KNOWN AS THE STATE OF ISRAEL.\n\nTHE STATE OF ISRAEL will be open for Jewish immigration and for the Ingathering of the Exiles; it will foster the development of the country for the benefit of all its inhabitants; it will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel; it will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex; it will guarantee freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture; it will safeguard the Holy Places of all religions; and it will be faithful to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations.\n\nWE APPEAL — in the very midst of the onslaught launched against us now for months — to the Arab inhabitants of the State of Israel to preserve peace and participate in the upbuilding of the State on the basis of full and equal citizenship and due representation in all its provisional and permanent institutions.\n\nWE EXTEND our hand to all neighboring states and their peoples in an offer of peace and good neighborliness, and appeal to them to establish bonds of cooperation and mutual help with the sovereign Jewish people settled in its own land. The State of Israel is prepared to do its share in a common effort for the advancement of the entire Middle East.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1948-05-14", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T07:38:07.931625+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f00e0c83-9b3d-41a3-958c-a63fa315aa5b", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "PFLP — \"Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine\": Who Are Our Enemies? (1969)", "source_url": "https://www.lasairdhearg.com/pflp-strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Who, then, are our enemies? Political thinking behind any revolution commences by posing this question and replying to it. Admittedly, the masses of our Palestinian people have not yet answered this in a clear, specific and conclusive manner. Without a clear definition of the enemy, a clear view of the battle becomes impossible.\n\n(1) Israel. In our battle for liberation we first face Israel as a political, military and economic entity which is trying to effect the maximum military mobilisation of its two and a half million nationals to defend its aggressive expansionist racial structure and prevent us from regaining our land, our freedom and our rights.\n\nOur people today are no longer in need of new experiments and improvised actions. In our struggle for the liberation of Palestine, we face primarily world imperialism, our battle is directed basically against it, against Israel which acts as its base and against the reactionary forces which are allied to it. We will not win the battle unless we have a clear knowledge of our enemy to ensure that our calculations for the battle are correct.\n\nIn the light of all this the main features of the enemy facing us become clear: 1. Our enemy in the battle is Israel, Zionism, world imperialism and Arab reaction. 2. This enemy possesses technological superiority and definite superiority in production which naturally develops into military superiority and great fighting power. […] 4. The nature of the battle in relation to this enemy's principal military base represented by Israel is a life-or-death struggle which the political and military leadership inside Israel will endeavour to put up until the last breath.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1969-02-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:46:59.398185+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f9e482a4-853e-4f35-b651-555232ee24ea", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Yitzhak Rabin — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (1994)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/lecture/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "At the tender age of sixteen, I was handed a rifle so that I could defend myself – and also, unfortunately, so that I could kill in an hour of danger. That was not my dream. […] However, I was compelled to resort to the gun.\n\nThe leaders of nations must provide their peoples with the conditions – the 'infrastructure', if you will – which enables them to enjoy life […] and most important of all: life itself. […] There is only one radical means of sanctifying human lives. Not armored plating, or tanks, or planes, or concrete fortifications. The one radical solution is peace.\n\nHistory as a whole […] has known harrowing times when national leaders turned their citizens into cannon fodder in the name of wicked doctrines: vicious Fascism and fiendish Nazism. […] Almost all the regimes which did not place Man and the sanctity of Life at the heart of their world view, all those regimes have collapsed and are no more.\n\nIn the State of Israel […] we have always viewed the Sanctity of Life as a supreme value. We have gone to war only when a fearful sword was poised to cut us down. […] soldiers who […] gave their lives to avoid causing harm to innocent people on the enemy's side.\n\nWe are in the midst of building the peace. […] And so we are determined to do the job well – despite the toll of murderous terrorism, despite fanatic and scheming enemies. We will pursue the course of peace with determination and fortitude. […] Peace will triumph over all our enemies, because the alternative is grim for us all.\n\nI wish to thank our partners – the Egyptians, Jordanians, Palestinians, and the Chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization, Mr. Yasser Arafat, with whom we share this Nobel Prize – who have chosen the path of peace. […] I am here as the emissary of Jerusalem […] Jerusalem which has always been, and is today, the eternal capital of the State of Israel and the heart of the Jewish people.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1994-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:46:59.855302+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "679c9685-0842-4cd8-bf84-18a95cc8326e", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000371", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Marwan Barghouti — \"Want Security? End the Occupation\" (Washington Post op-ed, 2002)", "source_url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/01/16/want-security-end-the-occupation/6d95b7aa-48bd-43e8-9698-e35331460ffb/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "The only way for Israelis to have security is, quite simply, to end the 35-year-old Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory. Israelis must abandon the myth that it is possible to have peace and occupation at the same time, that peaceful coexistence is possible between slave and master. The lack of Israeli security is born of the lack of Palestinian freedom. Israel will have security only after the end of occupation, not before.\n\nOnce Israel and the rest of the world understand this fundamental truth, the way forward becomes clear: End the occupation, allow the Palestinians to live in freedom and let the independent and equal neighbors of Israel and Palestine negotiate a peaceful future with close economic and cultural ties.\n\nLet us not forget, we Palestinians have recognized Israel on 78 percent of historic Palestine. It is Israel that refuses to acknowledge Palestine's right to exist on the remaining 22 percent of land occupied in 1967. And yet it is the Palestinians who are accused of not compromising and of missing opportunities.\n\nAnd while I, and the Fatah movement to which I belong, strongly oppose attacks and the targeting of civilians inside Israel, our future neighbor, I reserve the right to protect myself, to resist the Israeli occupation of my country and to fight for my freedom. If Palestinians are expected to negotiate under occupation, then Israel must be expected to negotiate as we resist that occupation.\n\nI am not a terrorist, but neither am I a pacifist. I am simply a regular guy from the Palestinian street advocating only what every other oppressed person has advocated -- the right to help myself in the absence of help from anywhere else.\n\nBut since 1994, when I believed Israel was serious about ending its occupation, I have been a tireless advocate of a peace based on fairness and equality. […] I still seek peaceful coexistence between the equal and independent countries of Israel and Palestine based on full withdrawal from Palestinian territories occupied in 1967 and a just resolution to the plight of Palestinian refugees pursuant to U.N. resolutions. I do not seek to destroy Israel but only to end its occupation of my country.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2002-01-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:00.578205+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1e9ed636-e68e-423e-ac71-6eb2b4377e33", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "country_id": "YE", "title": "Tawakkol Karman — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2011)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/lecture/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "I have always believed that resistance against repression and violence is possible without relying on similar repression and violence. I have always believed that human civilization is the fruit of the effort of both women and men. So, when women are treated unjustly and are deprived of their natural right in this process, all social deficiencies and cultural illnesses will be unfolded […] The solution to women's issues can only be achieved in a free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the energy of both women and men together.\n\nPeace within one country is no less important than peace between countries. […] There is another type of war, which is far more bitter, that is the war of despotic leaders who oppress their own people. […] It is the war which today people face in the Arab States.\n\nThe revolutions of the Arab spring in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria, and the movement towards revolutions in other Arab countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Bahrain, Sudan and others […] The Arab people have woken up just to see how poor a share of freedom, democracy and dignity they have. And they revolted.\n\nI, on behalf of the revolutionary youth, pledge to all people in the world that we are committed to peaceful struggle as a strategic option, without deviation or retreat, regardless of the sacrifices and regardless of the extent of state repression, killing and violence. […] [Our revolution] dreams of a free and democratic homeland with no room for tyranny, dictatorship, corruption or failure […] until the establishment of a democratic civil state, a state where the rule of law, equality and a peaceful transfer of power prevails.\n\nThe civilized world should, immediately after the outbreak of the revolutions of youth, commence the detention and freezing of the assets of the figures of the regime and its security and military officials. In fact this is not enough, since these people should be brought to justice before the International Criminal Court. There should be no immunity for killers who rob the food of the people.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:01.4075+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1b0755bf-f68b-497d-bb69-f50e939fa0d0", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000417", "country_id": "SY", "title": "Arab League readmits Syria; Assad attends the Jeddah summit, 7 May 2023", "source_url": "https://archive.sana.sy/en?p=307837", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Syria's participation in the Arab League had been suspended in November 2011 over the Assad government's violent crackdown on the country's pro-democracy uprising. On 7 May 2023, meeting in an extraordinary session in Cairo, Arab League foreign ministers adopted decision no. 8914 resuming the participation of Syrian government delegations in the Council of the Arab League and all its affiliated organisations and agencies, after roughly twelve years. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad subsequently attended the 32nd Arab League summit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on 19 May 2023 — his first such summit since the start of the Syrian war.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-05-07", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:18.135186+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6f61b0f7-8ff8-4533-a2e1-6d57ac8b49fb", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000353", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Mohamed ElBaradei — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2005)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2005/elbaradei/lecture/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "I believe it is because our security strategies have not yet caught up with the risks we are facing. […] These are all 'threats without borders' – where traditional notions of national security have become obsolete. We cannot respond to these threats by building more walls, developing bigger weapons, or dispatching more troops. Quite to the contrary.\n\nIn the real world, this imbalance in living conditions inevitably leads to inequality of opportunity, and in many cases loss of hope. And what is worse, all too often the plight of the poor is compounded by and results in human rights abuses, a lack of good governance, and a deep sense of injustice. This combination naturally creates a most fertile breeding ground for civil wars, organized crime, and extremism in its different forms.\n\nI have no doubt that, if we hope to escape self-destruction, then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience, and no role in our security. To that end, we must ensure – absolutely – that no more countries acquire these deadly weapons. We must see to it that nuclear-weapon states take concrete steps towards nuclear disarmament. And we must put in place a security system that does not rely on nuclear deterrence.\n\nI am hoping that we can make these operations multinational – so that no one country can have exclusive control over any such operation. My plan is to begin by setting up a reserve fuel bank, under IAEA control, so that every country will be assured that it will get the fuel needed for its bona fide peaceful nuclear activities. This assurance of supply will remove the incentive – and the justification – for each country to develop its own fuel cycle.\n\nThere is no religion that was founded on intolerance – and no religion that does not value the sanctity of human life. […] Islam declares that killing one person unjustly is the same as killing all of humanity. […] this is not idealism, but rather realism, because history has taught us that war rarely resolves our differences. Force does not heal old wounds; it opens new ones.\n\nI am an Egyptian Muslim, educated in Cairo and New York, and now living in Vienna. […] we have experienced first hand the unique nature of the human family and the common values we all share.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2005-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:02.751222+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e87e3912-6dfc-4815-93b7-5a2f2d28dd57", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Egypt national statement to the UN General Assembly, 78th session (2023) — delivered by FM Sameh Shoukry", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/eg_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In a world whose main attribute is interdependence and globalization, no one is secure unless everyone is secure. Simply put, the success of collective security is contingent upon the success of collective efforts and the effective application of principles inherent in the UN charter, and not on the selective application of these principles and practicing dual standards.\n\nWithin that context, and in order to address the historic injustice that has befallen the African continent, Egypt was and will remain an adamant proponent of both the Ezulweni consensus and the Sirte Declaration as the bases of Security Council expansion. Only the granting of two permanent seats for Africa, with full rights and privileges, is sufficient to correct this injustice done to our continent. […] Egypt aspires to contribute effectively to BRICS, in advocating for the interests and ambitions of the global south, which currently composes no less than 30% of the global economy.\n\nEgypt relies on the river Nile for 98% of its water needs. Hence, we are extremely vulnerable to any unsustainable uses of its waters. […] We reject any unilateral measures pertaining to the management of cross-boundary water resources. A prime example of these measures is the Ethiopian dam, whose construction commenced without prior consultations or sufficient studies of any kind regarding its effects on riparian states. […] It would be a mistake to assume we can accept a fait accompli when it comes to the very lives of more than 100 million Egyptian citizens.\n\nOne of the cornerstones of reforming the international system is increasing its ability to promote human rights in their political, economic, social, and cultural aspects, away from politicization, double standards, or attempts to impose concepts disregarding cultural and social specificities; by which authority have some come to believe that their value system is superior to another? […] We firmly believe that the state and its institutions have the primary responsibility of upholding human rights.\n\nStill, we continue to be alarmed at the deteriorating conditions in the Palestinian territories due to the practices of the occupying forces. […] Egypt reiterates its position in support of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people and to establish an independent Palestinian state on the lines of the 4th of June 1967 with East Jerusalem as its capital, in accordance with the relevant international legitimacy resolutions.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:03.8418+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "851a3d44-1cfa-4431-8f77-dbf749fa9407", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Mahmoud Abbas — UN General Assembly address, 78th session (2023)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/ps_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Once again, I come to you carrying the cause of my people, who are struggling for freedom and independence, to remind you of the tragedy caused by the Nakba since seventy-five years ago, the effects of which continue to be exacerbated by the Israeli occupation of our territory. This occupation that challenges your resolutions that have exceeded a thousand, violates the principles of international law and international legitimacy, while racing against time to change the historical, geographical and demographic reality on the ground aimed at perpetuating the occupation and entrenching apartheid.\n\nDespite this painful reality, and thirty years after the Oslo Accords, which Israel has totally discarded, we still maintain hope that your esteemed organization will be able to implement its resolutions demanding an end to the Israeli occupation of our territory and the realization of the independence of the fully sovereign State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital, on the borders of the 4th of June 1967, as well as resolving the issue of Palestine refugees, in accordance with the resolutions of international legitimacy, especially General Assembly Resolution 194 (III) […]\n\nThe occupation government also persists violating the City of Jerusalem and its people, assaulting our Islamic and Christian sacred sites, and violating the historical and legal status of the holy sites, especially Al-Aqsa Mosque, which international legitimacy has recognized as an exclusive place of worship for Muslims alone […]\n\nI also call on the States that have not yet recognized the State of Palestine to declare their recognition and for the State of Palestine to be admitted to full membership in the United Nations.\n\nOur people defend their homeland and their legitimate rights, through peaceful popular resistance as a strategic option for self-defense, and to liberate the land from a colonial occupation that does not believe in peace, and has no regard for the principles of truth, justice and human values. We will continue our resistance to this brutal occupation until it is defeated from our land.\n\nMy message today to the Israelis is that this hideous occupation against us will not last regardless of their ambitions and delusions, because the Palestinian people are remaining on their land, which they have inhabited for thousands of years […] They cannot leave their land, and if anyone must leave it must be the occupiers and usurpers.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:05.114274+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6fd6d8dd-1939-4495-a73a-35c0629f18d4", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Camp David Accords — “A Framework for Peace in the Middle East” (Sadat–Begin–Carter), 17 September 1978", "source_url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/campdav.asp", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, met with Jimmy Carter [… …] at Camp David from September 5 to September 17, 1978, and have agreed on the following framework for peace in the Middle East.\n\nThe agreed basis for a peaceful settlement of the conflict between Israel and its neighbors is United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, in all its parts.\n\n[… …] Peace requires respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every state in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force.\n\nEgypt, Israel, Jordan and the representatives of the Palestinian people should participate in negotiations on the resolution of the Palestinian problem in all its aspects. [… …] there should be transitional arrangements for the West Bank and Gaza for a period not exceeding five years. In order to provide full autonomy to the inhabitants, under these arrangements the Israeli military government and its civilian administration will be withdrawn as soon as a self-governing authority has been freely elected by the inhabitants of these areas [… …].\n\n[… …] not later than the third year after the beginning of the transitional period, negotiations will take place to determine the final status of the West Bank and Gaza [… …]. The solution from the negotiations must also recognize the legitimate right of the Palestinian peoples and their just requirements.\n\nEgypt and Israel state that the principles and provisions described below should apply to peace treaties between Israel and each of its neighbors — Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. [… …] Steps to be taken in this respect include: full recognition; abolishing economic boycotts [… …].\n\nFor the Government of Israel: Menachem Begin — For the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt: Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat — Witnessed by Jimmy Carter, President of the United States of America", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1978-09-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:08.39902+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2ef41e72-6bcf-4cf0-a462-b5092de6694e", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "dbeb251e-7b85-4091-8048-1fe01bcc3eaa", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Michel Aoun — UN General Assembly address, 73rd session (2018)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/73/lb_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Security-Council Resolution 425 of 1978, which called Israel to withdraw its forces from all the Lebanese territories immediately, was only implemented 22 years later, under the pressure of the resistance of the Lebanese people. In contrast, we see that the General Assembly's Resolution 181 of 1947, stipulating the division of Palestine, took a binding character although it is not binding, and it was immediately executed while Resolution 194, also adopted by the General Assembly in 1948, calling for the return of the Palestinian Refugees to their home as soon as possible, remained as mere ink on paper for seventy years.\n\nWith the break out of the events in Syria, the displacement waves fleeing the hell of war began to pour into Lebanon, which tried, to the greatest extent possible, to ensure the conditions of a dignified decent life for the displaced. […] I reiterate the stance of my country which seeks to consolidate the right of dignified, safe and sustainable return of the displaced to their land, rejecting absolutely any project of settlement, whether for the displaced or the refugee.\n\nThe Palestinian cause is the best reflection of this picture; for the absence of justice in addressing it triggered many wars in the Middle East and created a resistance that will only end by eliminating oppression and establishing justice. […] Then the law on the \"Jewish nation-State of Israel\" was adopted, this displacing law which relies on the rejection of the other, expressly undermines all the endeavors of peace and the two-State project.\n\nSimultaneously, the Israeli violations of Resolutions 1701 persist, by land, sea and air, exceeding 100 violations a month, despite Lebanon's total commitment to it.\n\nWith its plural society where Christians and Muslims live together, co-govern and share the administration, with the expertise of its citizens spread all over the globe […] Lebanon is considered exemplary to establish therein an international academy to disseminate these values, the \"Human Academy for Encounter and Dialogue\".", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:06.339858+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "66bfe3c7-54f7-4119-a79d-70c2d1446918", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "country_id": "SA", "title": "Killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, 2 October 2018", "source_url": "https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Assessment-Saudi-Gov-Role-in-JK-Death-20210226v2.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Jamal Khashoggi — a Washington Post columnist and prominent Saudi critic — was killed and dismembered inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by a team of Saudi agents. Saudi Arabia initially denied any knowledge of his fate, then acknowledged he had died inside the consulate, describing it as the result of a rogue operation. In February 2021 the US Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) publicly assessed that Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman 'approved an operation in Istanbul, Turkey to capture or kill' Khashoggi, citing his absolute control over the Kingdom's security and intelligence apparatus. A 2019 UN special-rapporteur inquiry by Agnès Callamard had separately found the killing to be a 'deliberate, premeditated execution' for which the Saudi state is responsible. MBS has DENIED ordering the killing — telling PBS 'Absolutely not' — while stating he takes responsibility as the country's de facto leader because it happened 'under my watch'.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-10-02", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:11.30255+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7428ad46-13ee-470d-a9a7-cd9e4943d4f2", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Egypt's Protest Law — Law No. 107 of 2013 (public meetings, processions and peaceful demonstrations)", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/11/26/egypt-deeply-restrictive-new-assembly-law", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Egypt's Law No. 107 of 2013, ratified by interim president Adly Mansour on 24 November 2013 (with no parliament sitting), governs the post-2013 order that Sisi leads. It imposes a prior-notification regime: organizers must give the Interior Ministry written notice at least three working days before any gathering of more than ten people. Article 10 gave the Interior Ministry effectively absolute discretion to ban, postpone, or relocate a protest on 'serious information or evidence' of a threat to peace and security, and Article 11 lets the senior officer on the ground forcibly disperse an assembly — using water cannon, batons, tear gas, and graduated force — if 'any criminal act emanates from the participants, or if the assembly diverges from peaceful expression', enabling collective punishment for one person's act. Penalties are heavy: prison terms and fines reaching tens of thousands of Egyptian pounds. The law has been the central legal tool of the crackdown on dissent — rights groups documented tens of thousands of arrest cases under it (over 37,000 by late 2016), jailing activists for unauthorized protest. On 3 December 2016 the Supreme Constitutional Court struck down Article 10 as violating Article 73 of the 2014 Constitution; a 2017 amendment replaced the Ministry's unilateral ban power with a requirement of prior judicial review, but the rest of the restrictive framework — notification, dispersal, and penalty provisions — remains in force.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2013-11-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:16.602936+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9b00bc0d-9d44-4107-9a9a-303f36c77c91", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "8a62720d-9c02-478f-9733-c7baef913d31", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "נאום בפתיחת ועידת מפא\"י (David Ben-Gurion — opening keynote to the Mapai conference, 1950)", "source_url": "https://benyehuda.org/read/35993", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "גם בימי ההתחלות המיצערות והדלות של תנועתנו, זה כיובל שנים, נשאנו ברמה ובאמונה דגל הגאולה המלאה והשלמה, היהודית והאנושית, דגל הציונות הסוציאליסטית. בעשרות שנים אלה עברנו כברת ארץ לא קטנה. וזכינו לגדולות ולנצורות. עם כינון מדינת־ישראל בוּצע השלב הראשון במהפכה הלאומית והסוציאלית אשר בישԂרנו והכשרנו בואה.\n\nמדינת־ישראל אינה תכלית, אלא ראשית, לא קץ אלא התחלה של המהפכה הגדולה והכפולה – הלאומית והסוציאלית. אבל גם בשלב ראשון זה של המהפכה נתקפלו בתוכה כאחד שני התכנים של תנועתנו: היהודי והאנושי, הציוני והסוציאַליסטי. שני התכנים האלה שלובים וכרוכים בכל מאוויינו ובכל פרט ופרט של מפעל חיינו, ואינם ניתנים להפרדה. כל המעשה אשר עשינו ואשר נעשה, תכנו היהודי והאנושי אחוז זה בזה ויונק מרצון אחד: מהרצון לגאולה שלמה ומלאה, מהרצון לחירות ולעצמאות, לשוויון ולשלום, מהרצון לאחוה יהודית וכלל־אנושית.\n\nהציונות הסוציאליסטית אינה הרכבה מלאכותית וחיבור מיכני של שני חזונות ורצונות נפרדים – של ציונוּת מצד אחד ושל סוציאליזם מצד שני. פועל יווני או סיני אינו מחוּיב להיות ציוני גם אם הוא סוציאליסט נאמן. בעל־בית יהודי המתפרנס מרווחי הונו אינו מחוּיב להיות סוציאליסט גם אם הוא ציוני כשר. … השומר־הצעיר ודומיהם הגורסים כל הימים \"סתירה טראגית\" בין הציונוּת ובין הסוציאליזם ומתחבטים כל הימים בין חובתם למפעל הציוני ובין זיקתם ל\"סוציאליזם המהפכני\" ול\"מולדת השניה\", לא עמדו עד היום על מהותה העצמית ועל מקורותיה הפנימיים של הצינוּת הסוציאליסטית. לא הציונות ולא הסוציאליזם באים אלינו מן החוץ אלא נובעים מהרצון והצורך והמאווים של האיש היהודי החי מעבודתו … המונחים ציונות וסוציאליזם אינם אלא ביטויים וגילויים שונים של מפעל וחזון אחד ואחיד: מפעל היצירה של האדם העובדה היהודי. וחזונו לצור חיי העם וחיי האנושות בדמותו כצלמו, באשר רק דמות וצלם של חברת־עובדים, בני־חורין ושווי־זכויות, מבטיחים חיי עצמאות וחירוּת ושוויוֹן לעם היודי ולכל עמי תבל.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1950-08-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:25.616918+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ef9919ad-9a8a-4f7c-873a-07341d1d2628", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000011", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "حزب النور — برنامج الحزب (الهوية، السياسي، الاقتصادي، الخارجي، الاجتماعي) (Al-Nour Party — Salafi party programme)", "source_url": "https://alnourpartyeg.com/ar/category/program", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الثقافة والهوية — هدف البرنامج\n\nقضية الهوية قضية محورية لابد من الاهتمام بها والتركيز عليها، لأنها هي التي تشخص ذات الأمة وتميزها، وهي السمة الجوهرية العامة لثقافتنا، ويهدف الحزب إلى إقامة دولة عصرية حضارية متقدمة تجمع بين الأصالة والمعاصرة، ذات رسالة حضارية راقية ترفع قيمة الأخلاق والفضيلة والقيم النبيلة.\n\nفإذا كانت الهوية المصرية هي الهوية الإسلامية العربية بحكم عقيدة ودين الغالبية العظمى من أهلها، واعتماداً على أن اللغة العربية هي لغة أهلها، فإنَّ الواجب الأول للدولة … إنما يتمثَّل في تعزيز الهوية الثقافية … ولقد أظهرت الأمة بكافة أطيافها توافقاً شعبياً كبيراً على اعتماد الإسلام ديناً للدولة، واللغة العربية هي اللغة الرسمية، وكذلك مبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع.\n\nالبرنامج السياسي — هدف البرنامج\n\nأصبح الإصلاح السياسي مطلباً أساسياً وضرورياً لجميع قطاعات الشعب، وهو القاعدة للإصلاح في كافة مناحي الحياة … ويدعو الحزب لإقامة دولة عصرية على الأسس الحديثة، تحترم حقوق التعايش السلمي بين أبناء الوطن جميعاً، بعيداً عن النموذج الثيوقراطي، الذي يدعو لدولة تدعي الحق الإلهي في الحكم، وتحتكر وحدها الصواب في الرأي، وكذلك بعيداً عن النموذج اللاديني الذي يريد اقتلاع الأمة من جذورها وهويتها الثقافية، وإنما يدعو الحزب للدولة القائمة على تعدد المؤسسات والفصل بين السلطات: التشريعية والقضائية والتنفيذية والتي تعمل بشكل متوازن ومتكامل، وتحمي الحريات وتحقق العدالة بين أبناء الوطن جميعاً …\n\nبرنامج السياسة الخارجية — هدف البرنامج\n\nالعلاقات الخارجية مع الدول والشعوب الأخرى ينبغي أن تؤسس على الاحترام المتبادل والعلاقات المتكافئة، والتعايش السلمي، وتقوم على أساس تكامل الحضارات وليس صراع الحضارات مع الحفاظ على هويتنا وثقافتنا … ضرورة دعم استقلالية القرار السياسي المصري …\n\nالمجال الاجتماعي — هدف البرنامج\n\nالأسرة هي أهم مكونات المجتمع المصري، وهي الوحدة الأساسية للمجتمع في ثقافتنا المصرية والعربية والإسلامية. وتقوم نهضة الأمة علي نهضة الأسرة كبنية أساسية …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-05-31", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:04.889028+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4a22cb93-f94f-471e-8f59-bfa802b0dcf4", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000372", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Naftali Bennett — UN General Assembly address, 76th session (2021)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/il_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "We are an ancient nation. Returned - to our ancient homeland, Revived - our ancient language, Restored - our ancient sovereignty. Israel is a miracle of Jewish revival. Am Yisrael Chai - the nation of Israel is alive, and the State of Israel is its beating heart.\n\nWhile Israel strives to do good, we cannot lose sight for one moment of what's happening in our neighborhood. Israel is, quite literally, surrounded by Hezbollah, Shia militias, Islamic Jihad, and Hamas. On our borders. These terror groups seek to dominate the Middle East and spread radical Islam across the world. […] They all want to destroy my country, And they're all backed by Iran. They get their funding from Iran, they get their training from Iran, and they get their weapons from Iran.\n\nIran's great goal is crystal clear to anybody who cares to open their eyes: Iran seeks to dominate the region -- and seeks to do so under a nuclear umbrella. […] Iran's nuclear program has hit a watershed moment; and so has our tolerance. Words do not stop centrifuges from spinning. […] We will not allow Iran to acquire a nuclear weapon.\n\nBut not everything is dark in the Middle East. […] First and foremost the growing ties Israel is forging with Arab and Muslim countries. Ties that began 42 years ago with Israel's historic peace agreement with Egypt, continued 27 years ago with Israel's peace agreement with Jordan, and even more recently with the \"Abraham Accords\" -- that normalized our relations with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco. More is to come.\n\n[…] fighting the only democracy in the Middle East doesn't make you \"Woke\" […] Every member state in this building has a choice. It's not a political choice, but a moral one. It's a choice between darkness and light.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:06.765105+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "8e51c368-5de2-45a7-a856-e745664e949a", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Palestinian Declaration of Independence (the Algiers Declaration), 15 November 1988 (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/6EB54A389E2DA6C6852560DE0070E392.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Despite the historical injustice done to the Palestinian Arab people in its displacement and in being deprived of the right to self-determination following the adoption of General Assembly resolution 181 (II) of 1947, which partitioned Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish State, that resolution nevertheless continues to attach conditions to international legitimacy that guarantee the Palestinian Arab people the right to sovereignty and national independence.\n\nBy virtue of the natural, historical and legal right of the Palestinian Arab people to its homeland, Palestine [… …] on the basis of the international legitimacy embodied in the resolutions of the United Nations since 1947, and through the exercise by the Palestinian Arab people of its right to self-determination, political independence and sovereignty over its territory:\n\nThe Palestine National Council hereby declares, in the Name of God and on behalf of the Palestinian Arab people, the establishment of the State of Palestine in the land of Palestine with its capital at Jerusalem.\n\nThe State of Palestine shall be for Palestinians, wherever they may be therein to develop their national and cultural identity and therein to enjoy full equality of rights. Their religious and political beliefs and human dignity shall therein be safeguarded under a democratic parliamentary system based on freedom of opinion and the freedom to form parties, on the heed of the majority for minority rights and the respect of minorities for majority decisions, on social justice and equality, and on non-discrimination in civil rights on grounds of race, religion or colour or as between men and women, under a Constitution ensuring the rule of law and an independent judiciary [… …].\n\nThe State of Palestine shall be an Arab State and shall be an integral part of the Arab nation [… …]. The State of Palestine declares its commitment to the purposes and principles of the United Nations, to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to the policy and principles of non-alignment.\n\nThe State of Palestine [… …] rejects the threat or use of force, violence and intimidation against its territorial integrity and political independence or those of any other State [… …].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1988-11-15", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:09.237289+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6b20dae7-9c66-486a-903d-ee82f27dbe5a", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Military ousts Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir after mass protests, 11 April 2019", "source_url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sudan-protests-omar-al-bashir-dictator-military-africa-live-updates-04-11-2019/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Protests that began in December 2018 over rising bread prices and a collapsing economy widened into a nationwide movement demanding the resignation of President Omar al-Bashir, who had ruled Sudan for 30 years. On 6 April 2019 demonstrators began a mass sit-in outside the army's general command headquarters in Khartoum, and on 11 April 2019 the military announced it had removed and arrested al-Bashir, suspended the constitution, declared a state of emergency, and established a Transitional Military Council to rule for a two-year transitional period. Protesters rejected continued military rule and kept up the sit-in; on 3 June 2019 security forces, led by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, violently dispersed the camp in what became known as the Khartoum massacre, killing dozens. After further negotiations, the Transitional Military Council and the civilian Forces of Freedom and Change signed a constitutional declaration on 17 August 2019 establishing a joint civilian-military Sovereign Council to lead a transition toward elections.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-04-11", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:09.912481+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5fa11a81-050b-4419-be05-282d36c35e36", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Sudan: al-Burhan seizes power in the 25 October 2021 coup, dissolving the transitional government", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/25/sudans-military-dissolves-cabinet-announce-state-of-emergency", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 25 October 2021, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, head of Sudan's Sovereign Council, declared a nationwide state of emergency, dissolved the Sovereign Council and the civilian-led transitional cabinet, and detained Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok and several ministers, ending the power-sharing transition established after the 2019 overthrow of Omar al-Bashir. Hamdok was reinstated on 21 November 2021 under a contested 14-point deal with the military, then resigned on 2 January 2022 after the agreement failed to stem unrest. Mass protests against the takeover were met with a deadly security crackdown; the Central Committee of Sudan Doctors counted dozens of protesters killed in the weeks that followed.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-10-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:12.736633+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "bfb4e7c1-7008-4ba6-a1c4-cea2cf23db96", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "country_id": "SA", "title": "China-brokered Saudi–Iran agreement to restore diplomatic relations (Beijing), 10 March 2023", "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/10/iran-and-saudi-agree-to-restore-relations", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 10 March 2023, after four days of talks in Beijing hosted and mediated by China, Saudi Arabia and Iran announced an agreement to restore diplomatic relations that had been severed for more than seven years. The two governments agreed to reopen their embassies and missions within a period not exceeding two months and to reactivate earlier security (2001) and economic (1998) cooperation accords. The deal was signed by Saudi national security adviser Musaad bin Mohammed al-Aiban, Iran's Supreme National Security Council secretary Ali Shamkhani, and China's top diplomat Wang Yi, and was framed as a response to an initiative by Chinese President Xi Jinping. Ties had been cut in January 2016 after Saudi Arabia executed the Shia cleric Nimr al-Nimr and protesters attacked the Saudi embassy in Tehran.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-03-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:19.954953+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e257793d-68eb-45e7-812e-568eef7629f6", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Israel's Anti-Boycott Law — “Law for Prevention of Damage to the State of Israel through Boycott, 5771-2011”", "source_url": "https://www.adalah.org/en/law/view/492", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "Enacted by the Knesset on 11 July 2011, the law (§1) defines a boycott against the State of Israel as 'deliberately refraining from economic, cultural or academic ties with another person or body solely because of its connection with the State of Israel, one of its institutions or an area under its control' in a manner liable to cause economic, cultural or academic damage — thereby legally equating a boycott of the West Bank settlements ('an area under its control') with a boycott of Israel itself. Section 2(a) makes knowingly publishing a public call for such a boycott a civil wrong (tort), exposing the caller to a damages suit where there is a reasonable probability the call will bring about a boycott. Sections 3-4 empower the Minister of Finance to deny participants benefits — revoking tax exemptions and 'public institution' status, barring them from government tenders, and withholding state support, grants and guarantees — against anyone who calls for, or commits to participate in, a boycott. On 15 April 2015 the High Court of Justice (HCJ 5239/11, Avneri v. Knesset, expanded 9-justice bench) upheld most of the law (5-4), narrowly construing the tort to require proof of actual damage and causation, while unanimously striking down Section 2(c), which had allowed courts to award compensation without any proof of harm.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-07-11", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:15.401319+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d8d61bb2-dcda-4a9c-b8ee-bf9c46d7347a", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000400", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "حوار مع الشيخ رائد صلاح — المجتمع العصامي والمفاصلة التامة (Northern Islamic Movement — Raed Salah programmatic interview)", "source_url": "https://www.islamweb.net/ar/article/13978/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "نحن الأصل: … نحن نعمل في إطار الحركة الإسلامية لفلسطينيي 48 ومن خلال هذه الحركة نسعي إلي تعميق قيم الإسلام في نفوس المسلمين, ثم خدمة الجماهير الفلسطينية ـ بغض النظر عن تعدداتها الدينية والسياسية ـ ونهتم بشكل خاص بقضية القدس الشريف والأقصي المبارك ، مع إصرارنا الأبدي أننا جزء من شعب فلسطين والعالم العربي والأمة الإسلامية, ولا ننظر لأنفسنا كأقلية تشبه الأقليات المسلمة الموجودة في أوروبا أو غيرها; لأن تلك الأقليات هي أقليات مهاجرة وجاليات , أما نحن فأصحاب أرض شرعيون , والمجتمع الصهيوني هو الدخيل علينا وحل علي أرضنا بقوة السلاح والمؤامرات ، وليس بقوة الحق , ومن هنا فإن كنا في الظرف الراهن أقلية من ناحية العدد إلا أننا واثقون بأننا الأصل . …\n\nولمواجهة كل هذه المخاطر بدأت الحركة الإسلامية تطرح مشروع \"المجتمع العصامي\" بإقامة المشروعات وعشرات المؤسسات والجمعيات ذات الأهداف المختلفة التي تهتم بشئون الأمومة والطفولة والتعليم والصحة والاقتصاد وخدمة المقدسات وإقامة المدارس الأهلية والكليات, أي بناء سقف يغطي كل الخدمات المطلوبة يوميا لمجتمعنا في أرض 48. …\n\nمفاصلة تامة … أما علي مستوي الأفراد: فأنا أؤكد أنه كانت هناك مفاصلة واضحة في كثير من مناحي الحياة, وظلت في ازدياد حتي جاءت الانتفاضة فأصبحت المفاصلة تامة ـ سواء علي المستوي الشعوري أو في مجالات العمل والتجارة وغيرها ـ ويتساوي في ذلك اليمين واليسار الصهيوني ؛ فهما شريكان في المشروع الصهيوني, ومتحدان علي ثوابته التي تتمثل في وحدة القدس كعاصمة لإسرائيل وعدم عودة اللاجئين وغيرها. …\n\nولقد أثبتت التجربة أنه لا خيار لنا إلا السعي إلي إقامة المجتمع العصامي الفلسطيني من خلال المؤسسات الأهلية القائمة علي القيم الإسلامية, وذلك بالجمع بين ما نملك من أرض وخبرات علمية وقوة مالية، والإصرار علي التواصل مع شعبنا الفلسطيني وعالمنا العربي وأمتنا الإسلامية … … ما يزال هناك إصرار رهيب علي تهويد القدس وبناء الهيكل, ومؤسسة الأقصي اجتهدت ـ منذ يومها الأول ـ لدراسة الواقع المر الذي تعيشه الأوقاف والمقدسات الفلسطينية عامة، كما شرعت في ترميم المساجد المهدمة وتحرير المساجد المنتهكة …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2002-04-15", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:24.875922+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a768e2c4-3b97-4621-8578-8b5f673fa330", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "ce618e7a-74a9-4daa-980e-44fe4590777f", "country_id": "MA", "title": "Abdelilah Benkirane (PJD) — interview, “I have not come to change religious beliefs but to solve problems” (Asharq al-Awsat), 27 October 2014 (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://en-archive.aawsat.com/hatimbetioui/interviews/moroccan-prime-minister-i-have-not-come-to-change-religious-beliefs-but-to-solve-problems", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "When I was appointed as prime minister by His Majesty King Mohammed VI of Morocco, I felt that I was an official responsible for running the public affairs of all Moroccans rather than a prophet with a special message. I am just a state official; I may be right and I might make mistakes while addressing people's problems.\n\nI found myself adrift on a ship, threatened by the reality of [the problem of falling] living conditions, particularly the compensation fund [which subsidizes fuel and other essential goods], which cost the government a quarter of its income in 2012 […]. […] I also came face-to-face with the issue of pension funds […].\n\nAs for [Islamist] ideology, I am a prime minister elected by Moroccans to help solve their problems not to interfere in their religious beliefs and freedoms. I have not come to change people's religious beliefs but rather to solve their problems. Being religious or not is a personal matter and religious affairs are organized by the Commander of the Faithful, His Majesty. […] I am not an Islamist but just a Muslim, and like all Muslims [am] trying to be as straightforward as possible.\n\n(On the King's role in the elections:) As the ruler, His Majesty the King issued a directive stipulating that the elections are the government's responsibility. […]\n\n(On why Morocco escaped the worst of the Arab Spring:) When the winds of the Arab Spring came, Morocco was affected and people went out […] to protest in some cities. But they did not go as far as people did in other countries, namely demanding the fall of the government. […] Moroccans have the feeling that the monarchy is a guarantee for them.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2014-10-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:32.043703+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "cde1519b-bdf6-4b44-bc00-8bc1a6c9c871", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "897b2296-4966-4fd7-8068-05711ef1b976", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Ammar al-Hakim — “Historic Opportunity to Build a Strong Iraqi State” (Asharq al-Awsat op-ed), 20 July 2020 (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200721174002/https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2400256/ammar-al-hakim/historic-opportunity-build-strong-iraqi-state", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The conflict of the state and non-state in Iraq began when fundamental changes were introduced to its system of rule. […] We can either have a state or a non-state. It is from this point that a state can begin to take shape and grow.\n\nA state based on institutions is the foundation of the Mihrab Martyr's political project. […] A state of institutions must be based on the opinions of the people. This state can achieve social justice and end divisions in all of their forms […].\n\n[…] we proposed early on the formation of a \"just modern state\" […]. This concept is based mainly on achieving the state that is founded on institutions […] with the goal of achieving equality between all sides.\n\nThe concept of equality is the ultimate goal of the \"just modern state\" that will in turn achieve the sovereignty of the state. It will also inevitably lead to the weakening of the non-state […]. From here, the country will move away from \"skewed positions\" that some electoral platforms rely on, such as sectarian and national divisions.\n\n[…] Iraq is the only country where regional conflicts can be resolved. This unique trait can only be reached when the Iraqis themselves decide to transform their country into a state.\n\n[…] we reiterate our demand that we must first ensure that the possession of weapons is limited to the state. The state should be transformed into an authority under which all political and societal forces operate whereby any dispute will remain within legal limits. […]\n\nThe challenges we are experiencing today are a historic crossroads and major opportunity. All we have to do is choose the direction of the \"state\" and commit to it and reject the chaos of the \"non-state\" and steer clear of it.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2020-07-20", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:37.58279+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6c76980a-3028-487b-9341-c7c88c8bad73", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "90bd2c78-f027-41b3-a6a8-69f812191dc7", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Abdalla Hamdok — Sudan's statement to the 76th UN General Assembly, 25 September 2021 (Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/sd_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "السيد الرئيس،\n\nإننا نُعلّقُ أهميةً كبرى على مسألة سيادة حكم القانون على المستويين الوطني والدولي، ونبذلُ لذلك جهوداً مستمرة لمراجعة القوانين الوطنية، بُغية تطويرها وضمان اتساقها مع المعايير والاتفاقيات الدولية، باعتبار أن تحقيق سيادة القانون على المستوى الوطني هي مسؤولية الدول والحكومات.\n\nوفي إطار سيادة حكم القانون لاسيما في جانبه الإنساني، فقد انضم السودان لعدد من الاتفاقيات والمعاهدات التي تساعد في تحقيق ذلك. فعلى الصعيد الداخلي قمنا باتخاذ عدد من الخطوات الإيجابية لمعالجة التشوهات التي لحقت بملف حقوق الإنسان، طيلة فترة الحكم الشمولي السابق، كان في مقدمتها إلغاء عدد من القوانين المقيدة للحريات، وتعزيز دور المرأة في المجتمع، وحماية حقوقها وحرية الرأي والتعبير والتجمع السلمي، ومحاربة ظاهرة الإفلات من العقاب.\n\nالسيد الرئيس،\n\nإن السودان ورغم توديعه، بدماء شهدائه، لعقود من البطش والقمع والظلم، ورغم الإنجازات التي تحققت، خلال هذه الفترة الوجيزة بعد ثورته المجيدة، إلّا أن عملية الانتقال ما زالت تُواجه عدداً من التحديات الجسام، التي تستوجبُ استمرار دعم المجتمع الدولي والأصدقاء، لاستكمال خطط الحكومة الرامية إلى إصلاح الأوضاع الاقتصادية، وفي مقدمة ذلك إعفاء ديون السودان كافة والحصول على قروض ميسرة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:52.926241+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a10f2ff9-700d-4449-bed2-5bf9fc1f3787", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "11b75a7c-e6aa-4e2a-b7e9-59076537b0a5", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "קדימה – עקרונות לתוכנית חברתית-כלכלית (Kadima — Principles for a Social-Economic Programme / Action Plan)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20070114100648/http://www.kadima.org.il/171-he/peula.aspx", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "\"קדימה\" – עקרונות לתוכנית חברתית-כלכלית\nמבוא: יסודות חברתיים-כלכליים חזקים הם תנאי הכרחי לביטחון לאומי. … שוק פתוח ותחרותי הוא קריטי לשינוי מגמות אלו, אך אין פירושו של דבר ג'ונגל שבו אין כללים והחזקים טורפים את החלשים. הממשלה בראשות קדימה תבנה את התשתיות הפיזיות והאנושיות על מנת לגבור על הכשלים הקיימים בשוק.\n… הקטנת הוצאות הממשלה — הממשלה בראשות קדימה תמשיך במגמה של הקטנת חלקו של התקציב הציבורי מתוך התוצר כדי לאפשר צמצום ניכר בנטל המסים ובחוב הלאומי. … המשך ביטול מונופולים במשק; הממשלה תמשיך בהפרטה של נכסים וחברות ממשלתיות …\nדת ומדינה\n• יש למנוע אווירה של דה לגיטימציה בין הציבור היהודי-חרדי לשאר הציבור היהודי. … העיקרון המנחה הוא \"איש באמונתו יחיה\". לכל איש ואישה תינתן הזכות לחופש הפולחן והזכות לשילוב הדת בחיי היום יום לפי ראות עיניהם והשקפת עולמם, בתנאי שהיא אינה פוגעת בזכויות האדם ובזכויות הבסיסיות.\n• יש לממש בפועל את החוק המאפשר קבורה אזרחית בכל הארץ.\nפתרון בעית מנועי חיתון\nבישראל יש כ-300,000 אזרחים, רבים מהם עולים, אשר אינם יכולים להינשא בנישואים דתיים על פי המצב הקיים היום … הממשלה תחוקק חוק אשר יפתור את בעייתם של זוגות אלו.\n… ערבים — … הפעולות לשיפור המצב חייבות לצאת מנקודת מוצא של מחויבות מוסדות השלטון והחברה הישראלית לעקרונות של צדק ושוויון לכלל האזרחים.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2006-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:22.076277+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3dd52bad-fb8e-4fd3-93a3-a87a65f002c1", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "country_id": "MR", "title": "Mohamed Ould Ghazouani — Address to the 79th UN General Assembly, 24 September 2024 (Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/mr_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ونحن، في الجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية، عملاً بمقتضى هذا الالتزام، جعلنا من تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة، هدفاً مركزياً تتكامل في العمل على تحقيقه كل سياساتنا العمومية.\n\nوقد تمكنا، وإن بنحو طفيف، من تحسين مؤشرات العديد من أهداف التنمية المستدامة في بلادنا […].\n\nوما ذاك إلا بفضل ما بذلناه من جهد مكثف في سبيل تكريس دولة القانون والمؤسسات القوية، وترقية الديمقراطية والحريات الفردية والجماعية، واعتماد سُنّة الحوار والتشاور أسلوباً ثابتاً لإدارة الشأن العام، ودعم استقلالية القضاء، واعتماد الشفافية، ومحاربة الرشوة وكل أشكال الفساد.\n\nوكذلك بفضل جهودنا المتواصلة لحماية وترقية حقوق الإنسان، من خلال مكافحة مخلفات الرق وأشكاله الحديثة، والاتجار بالبشر، وحماية حقوق المرأة والطفل.\n\n[…] ولذا، بنينا سياستنا الخارجية على عدم التدخل في الشؤون الداخلية للدول، والعمل على تعزيز التعاون والصداقة، وصيانة السلم والأمن الدوليين، ودعم القضايا العادلة بميزان القانون الدولي، ومواثيق الأمم المتحدة، والاتحاد الإفريقي وجامعة الدول العربية ومنظمة التعاون الإسلامي.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:29.823641+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "fbef8e78-93a7-4e1c-8461-8d0520288dcc", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "55a6b198-3000-4bde-a5af-cffc41982401", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Gebran Bassil — lecture in Hungary, “Which Role for the Christians in shaping the Future of the Middle East?”, 31 March 2025 (FPM-official English text)", "source_url": "https://www.tayyar.org/News/Lebanon/659500/_guid=659500", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "We, the Free Patriotic Movement, have tried to reflect the concerns of our community, whilst working on the consolidation of the Lebanese institutions.\n\nWe have always believed that our political efficiency hinges on our independence and autonomy, in contrast with other Lebanese political parties beholden to foreign powers or to foreign agendas. […] We, at FPM are proud of our independence, especially when we witness the sad end game of the alignment of some parties behind an axis or another. This has caused us lately new occupation of our southern lands by the Isralei forces on one hand and a new hegemony on our political national decisions on another hand.\n\n[…] In Lebanon, we paid such a heavy price due to the blind alignment of some. Lives were lost in internecine wars, and generations were lost fighting for others […]. Both Christian and Muslim communities bear a responsibility in the current predicament in our country. Our youth is emigrating en masse, as we are massively overwhelmed by more than two and a half million Syrians displaced and Palestinian refugees on our territory.\n\nGiven the current circumstances, the Christian communities in Lebanon have three main goals to pursue […]: 1. Remaining faithful to their role in the lebanese political and social fabric, mainly via the preservation of the Lebanese pluralistic and democratic model of Nation State. 2. Avoiding the internal and domestic struggles […] as Christians are a hyphen, a link, that gives its meaning to the model of \"vivre ensemble\" that we have erected. 3. […] steadfastly keep championing democracy, human rights, freedoms of thought and speech, as well as religious dialogue, liberal economic, development and innovation.\n\nNeutrality in international relations is not only just a status. […] Neutrality is about positioning oneself outside alignments and geopolitical confrontation. It is not easy, as it is contingent upon a change in the mindset of the population and a readiness from your neighbors to accept your neutrality and to stop meddling in your internal affairs.\n\n[…] A fully sovereign Lebanon, having healed its traumas, open to the world through its diplomacy and its diaspora and non-aligned with any of the competing blocs, is an asset for the future of the region.\n\n[…] Tomorrow, Lebanese Christians will play a central role in the establishment of a lasting peace, respectful of all, according to the arab peace plan adopted in Beirut.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-03-31", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:35.599712+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "75cf6af0-d0b0-46c3-8e59-0b8c005b989e", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000610", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Saad Hariri — “Lebanon: A Vision for the Future” (Chatham House, on-the-record address & Q&A), 13 December 2018", "source_url": "https://www.chathamhouse.org/event/lebanon-vision-future", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "[…] I always say to people, you know, this is a regional issue, this is not a Lebanese issue. This is an Iranian issue and if we want to deal with the issue, let's sit down on a table and let's stop these wars and let's talk about how we resolve these issues in the region. If we want to make peace with Israel, we have a resolution that came out from the Arab League, but Netanyahu doesn't want this […].\n\n[…] the corruption issue is a real serious issue in Lebanon. […] when we went to the CEDRE Conference, to have the committee that, on all these projects, the countries that will donate or will give the credit for Lebanon, will be on each project. We want to make sure that the process of the bids are extremely transparent. The World Bank is going to be working with us very closely on each of those bids.\n\n[…] And when I was in Saudi Arabia, I've answered this many times, you know, there had to be a wake-up call to the Lebanese because we were, you know, shooting ourselves in the foot. […] We cannot tell the Gulf to come to Lebanon and, at the same time, there are political parties cursing the hell out of the Gulf. […] I myself, should not make statements about Iran […] and, at the same time, expect Iran not to answer. We need to disassociate ourselves. We need to move away from the regional, you know, conflicts. Lebanon is too small to pay a price in these big conflicts. The big countries can afford it. We cannot, simple.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-12-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:43.040138+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ff21fb9f-a8a9-42c9-a5c7-71e8736b24d5", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000322", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Syrian National Coalition — Mission Statement, Fundamental Principles & Political Framework (official English edition; Arabic-founded coalition)", "source_url": "https://www.etilaf.org/about-us/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Mission Statement:\nBecause of the deep crisis in Syria, our country, and the struggle our people are facing, all political opposition factions and have come together in unity with the goal of overthrowing the Assad regime, ending the suffering of the Syrian people, and to make the transition towards a free and democratic country. … These meetings culminated during a three -day period in Doha beginning on November 8th, 2012, which resulted in an agreement between the oppositional groups and the Syrian National Council to establish \"The National Syrian Coalition\".\n\nCoalition Principles\nFundamental Principles of the Syrian Coalition\nThe Syrian Coalition is committed to the national, fundamental principles of the Syrian Revolution on which its legitimacy is based. These principles include most importantly:\nPreserving Syria's national sovereignty and the independence of the Syrian national decision.\nPreserving Syria's territorial integrity.\nPreserving the unity of the Syrian people.\nSeeking to overthrow the Assad regime with all its symbols and pillars, dismantling its security apparatus and bodies and holding perpetrators of crimes against the Syrian people to account.\nEstablishing a democratic pluralistic Syria.\n\nPolitical Framework\n… Achieving the objectives of the revolution in achieving justice, freedom, and dignity, as well as sparing the country from any further devastation and preserving the [territory] of Syria in order to achieve a transition to a civil and democratic system that ensures equal rights for all Syrians.\nBashar Assad and security leadership who are responsible for the current destruction of the country are outside the political process and must be held accountable for their crimes.\nAll [Syrians] will be part of any future political solution, including those currently serving with the state institutions, Baathists, political, civil and social forces as long as they did not participate in any crimes committed against other Syrians.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2012-11-11", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:13.25417+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "db13ef75-c74c-4f2c-baf7-da4d08828e71", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "9c141af6-afb5-44f7-8dba-0ec5c979af09", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Ra'ayon Betar — The Ideology of Betar, by Ze'ev Jabotinsky (English translation of Hebrew original; the founding doctrine Herut adopted)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250430010644/http://www.saveisrael.com/jabo/jaboraayon.htm", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "2. THE JEWISH STATE\nThe basis of the Betarian viewpoint consists of one idea: the Jewish State. … For this purpose, every nation must possess its own \"laboratory\", a country wherein the nation alone is master and can freely suit the common life in accordance with its own conception of good and evil. A people's own state is such a laboratory. … However, the single way leading to this is the creation of the Jewish State.\n3. THE JEWISH MAJORITY IN ERETZ YISRAEL\nWhat then is, practically speaking, a Jewish \"State\"? When can it truly be said that our country has ceased to be \"Palestine\" and become Eretz Yisrael? Only then, when there will be more Jews that non-Jews; for the first condition of a national state is national majority. … Thus if we desire that Eretz Yisrael should become and remain a Jewish State, we must first of all create a Jewish majority. … The first step, that deed without which there can be no Zionism, or a Jewish state, or a real Jewish nation, is the creation of a Jewish majority in Eretz Yisrael on both sides of the Jordan.\n5. HADNES\nThis is the basis upon which is founded the entire Betarian viewpoint of building a Jewish state. It means the creation of a state comprising a Jewish majority on both sides of the Jordan. The special pride of Betar, which differentiates it from all other youth movements, in Jewry, is Monism, Had Nes. Betar signifies a generation that dedicates its life to the sole idea of a Jewish State, without recognizing any other ideals. … One should remember that one may have many ideas and respect them highly, but one can only have one ideal. To this ideal all other ideas must bow, and near it there should not and cannot exist a second ideal, for two ideals are as absurd as two gods … to the command of the highest, the supreme ideal: to the Jewish State.\n6. CLASS STRUGGLE\n… in Palestine, higher and mightier than class interests, the common interest of rebuilding the Jewish State rules supreme. Consequently there should be no talk of class war, a system, the harmful tendency of which, is manifested when one side threatens the other by means of strikes or lockouts. In Palestine, such conflicts must always be settled in one manner only: through obligatory national arbitration.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1929-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:22.621059+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "70e8ad00-42bf-4324-bde7-04b1478b57cc", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "cb8014ed-b389-494b-acad-c7ba57b24539", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Ziad al-Nakhalah (PIJ Secretary-General) — PROPOSED, EMPTY EXCERPT: no durable verbatim long-form located (verbatim fragments in Candidate quotes)", "source_url": "https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2024/10/mil-241007-presstv13.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "[EMPTY: no durable continuous 500+ token verbatim primary located after an exhaustive search. al-Nakhalah's long-form words exist only as (a) Arabic TV video or (b) paywalled MEMRI transcripts; every freely-durable English host (Press TV via GlobalSecurity, ITIC, JCPA, Times of Israel) reproduces only SHORT fragments embedded in reporter prose, and Al-Mayadeen English — the one host that runs his speeches at length — was network-unreachable this pass. Per the hunt protocol, logged as a proposed row with an empty excerpt. Individually-verbatim, durably-hosted fragments are provided in Candidate quotes; see Hunter notes for the full attempt log and recommended next sources.]", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-10-07", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:30.271861+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5293dc02-c0a1-43b5-a8f9-650c583f62bd", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000213", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Itamar Ben-Gvir — “The right to life supersedes the right to free movement” (Jerusalem Post, on his Channel 12 interview), 27 August 2023 (English translation of Hebrew)", "source_url": "https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/article-756414", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir doubled down on remarks he made in a Channel 12 television interview, in which he argued that Jewish Israelis' safety on West Bank roads outweighs Palestinians' freedom of movement.\n\n\"It is simple,\" he said. \"The right to life supersedes the right to free movement.\"\n\n\"My right and that of my wife and my children, to travel on the roads in Judea and Samaria, is more important than the freedom of movement for Arabs,\" Ben-Gvir said. \"That is the reality, that is the truth. My right to life precedes your freedom of movement.\"\n\n[…] \"Not only do I not regret my words, I am saying them again.\"\n\n\"Our right to arrive home peacefully, to travel in Judea and Samaria, and not be murdered takes precedence over the freedom of movement of Palestinian Authority residents,\" he said. […] In the same interview, Ben-Gvir said that a Jew who defends himself and others against Palestinian attackers \"is not a murder suspect, but a hero who will get full backing from me.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-08-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:36.001926+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f988bee3-4639-4848-80c3-adaa093149f6", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000293", "country_id": "LY", "title": "Khalifa Haftar — exclusive interview “Roadmap Beyond Tripoli” (Al Marsad / Libyan Address), 19 June 2019 (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220117160344/https://almarsad.co/en/2019/06/19/exclusive-interview-with-fm-khalifa-haftar-roadmap-beyond-tripoli/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "First and foremost, we count on the efforts of our own soldiers and officers, and on the support of the Libyan people […]. Such change begins with the war on terror, the dismantling of militias, and the ending of this phase of the hijacked authority that lacks proper authorization by the people.\n\nNo, the solution must be through the political track, and with the participation of all Libyans. The military operation takes aim at inexecrable realities that could not be addressed by any other means. Such realities include: the presence and spreading of terrorist leaders […] the presence and spreading of militias, and their control over the funds that belong to the Libyan people at the Central Bank of Libya […] and also the presence of groups of politicized Islam that sabotage political life […]. This is the part that we aim at with our military operation; anything else, the Libyan people will find solutions for, using dialogue and discussion, through peaceful, political, and democratic means.\n\n[…] Military operations will NOT stop before we accomplish all our objectives. […]\n\n[…] we will enter a transitional period that is, this time, both clear and disciplined. […] For example, the dismantling of all militias, disarming them […]. The dismantling of all bodies generated by the Skhirat Accord, which has not only expired and failed in finding any exit from the crisis, but actually created several other crises.\n\nI repeat, we are not against political solutions, nor against the democratic process, nor against elections. On the contrary, we see elections as the best path forward, as in all countries of the world. The ABC of democracy is arbitration exclusively through the ballot box, not arbitration through an alleged 'consensus' that has been forcibly imposed upon Libyans in the lobbies of hotels. We believe all these values and institutions of a civil and modern state cannot live in the shadow of terrorist control and groups like Qaida, LIFG, the Muslim Brotherhood, militias and gangs of organized crime […].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-06-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:44.098223+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c2ff25cb-e8a3-4874-a9a4-d7f1724e9b49", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000300", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "إعلان تحالف سائرون — كلمتا رائد فهمي وحسن العاقولي (Sairoon Alliance launch declaration, 2018)", "source_url": "http://www.akhbaar.org/home/2018/1/239588.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كلمة الرفيق رائد فهمي في اعلان التحالف\n…\nتحالف \"سائرون\" .. يحمل مشروعا وطنيا للتغيير والأصلاح الحقيقي، ويهدف إلى تصحيح مسار العملية السياسية، ومغادرة نهج الطائفية السياسية والمحاصصة.\nإن رسالة مشروع سائرون هي إخراج البلاد من دوامة الأزمات والصراع على مغانم السلطة والنفوذ، عبر بناء دولة المواطنة الديمقراطية المدنية، القوية بمؤسساتها القائمة على الكفاءة والنزاهة، وعبر المحاربة الحازمة للفساد بجميع اشكاله ومنظوماته.\n…\nوسيعمل تحالفنا على تعزيز السيادة الوطنية، واستقلالية القرار الوطني، … وضمان المشاركة الحقيقية لجميع أطياف ومكونات شعبنا، على قدم المساواة، في اطار العراق الديمقراطي الاتحادي الموحد.\nتحتل قضايا وتحديات الاقتصاد الوطني مكانة مهمة في مشروع \"سائرون\"، … وتشجيع الاستثمار الوطني واجتذاب الاستثمار الخارجي، وتقليص الطابع الريعي لاقتصادنا.\nمشروع سائرون يتطلع إلى المستقبل، لذا يضع ضمن اهم اهدافه الارتقاء بدور المرأة والشباب في حياة البلاد السياسية …\nكلمة د.حسن العاقولي رئيس تحالف \"سائرون\"\nصبغتنا في تحالفنا الصبغة الوطنية العراقية والعدالة الاجتماعية منهجاً وتطبيقاً وفكراً.\nنعمل، عبر تحالف يتجاوز كل الأطر الطائفية والقومية والاثنية، من اجل عراق موحد ذي سيادة، يحقق دولة مدنية وطنية عادلة تضمن حقوق جميع اطياف شعبنا الدينية والمذهبية والقومية على قدم المساواة …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-01-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:12.088496+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "8cd22cdb-e387-4abb-93ef-331709c4c270", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "04bdcbc5-5631-4d28-a717-2beeac60fe34", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "المبادئ الأساسية للحزب الوطني الديمقراطي ('الفكر الجديد') (NDP Basic Principles / 'New Thought')", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20080724213215/http://ndp.org.eg/ar/Aboutus/1.aspx", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "حزب يفتح أبوابه لكل المواطنين على قاعدة المواطنة والهوية المصرية والمساواة الكاملة فى الحقوق والواجبات فى ا طار من الانتماء الحضارى للأمتين العربية والإسلامية .\n\nحزب يؤمن بالقيم الدينية وبدور الدين فى تحقيق التقدم ونهضة الشعوب .\n\nحزب يسعى لتأكيد المسيرة الديمقراطية وبالدور الفاعل للتعددية الحزبية ، وبدور النقابات ومؤسسات المجتمع المدنى وتوسيع دائرة المشاركة العامة لكل الموطنين وخصوصاً الشباب والمرأة فى إطار من احترام حقوق الإنسان وتعزيز الحريات العامة والشفافية..\n\nحزب يؤمن بإطلاق المبادرات الخاصة فى مجال النشاط الاقتصادى فى اطار دور للدولة يضمن الخدمات الأساسية للمواطنين وتحقيق التوازن بين مصالح الفرد والمجتمع. …\n\nمبدأ المواطنة: يلتزم الحزب بمبدأ المواطنة كأساس للمساواة التامة فى الحقوق والواجبات بين جميع المصريين ، بغض النظر عن الدين أو العقيدة أو الأصل أو الجنس ، ويؤكد الحزب على تمسكه واعتزازه بالوحدة الوطنية بين المسلمين والأقباط .\n\nالأديان والنهضة: يؤمن الحزب بالدور الإيجابي للأديان السماوية في تحقيق النهضة والتقدم، ويؤكد على دور الإسلام ومبادئ شريعته السمحاء باعتبارها المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع، وعلى أهمية تجديد الخطاب الديني …\n\nإقتصاد السوق: يرى الحزب أن إقتصاد السوق وآليات العرض والطلب وقدرات الأفراد فى ظل المنافسة الحرة هى الضامنة لأكفأ توزيع وأفضل إستخدام للموارد الوطنية ، كما يؤمن بأن للدولة دوراً أساسياً فى تحقيق عدالة توزيع هذه الموارد …\n\nالسلام فى الشرق الأوسط: … ويؤكد الحزب على أن الأسس التي قام عليها السلام بين مصر وإسرائيل والتي تم تبنيها في مؤتمر مدريد عام 1991 متمثلة في مبدأ \"الأرض مقابل السلام\" ما زالت تشكل الأساس للسلام العادل والشامل ولإقامة علاقات طبيعية بين إسرائيل وباقي الدول العربية ، في ظل إطار يضمن إقامة دولة فلسطينية مستقلة ذات سيادة ويحقق الانسحاب من الأراضي العربية المحتلة منذ عام 1967 …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2002-09-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:24.036838+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "96e41947-40ce-411b-b9cf-1558438cfec4", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000373", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Benny Gantz — “What the World Gets Wrong About Israel” (New York Times op-ed), 24 September 2025", "source_url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/24/opinion/israel-war-security.html", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Since Oct. 7, 2023, from my position both in Israel's war cabinet and in the opposition, I have watched how some in the West have misinterpreted Israel's actions in prosecuting its war against Hamas. For Israelis, that day was not another round in a yearslong conflict. It was a strategic rupture — and a reminder of what may happen when terror on our doorstep is underestimated.\n\nToo often, Western leaders view our policies in this war not through the lens of national security, but through the prism of individuals — and, in particular, Israel's prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. […] This view is mistaken and counterproductive to global stability, regional normalization and Israel's own security.\n\nThere are deep political divisions and disagreements in Israel. I myself have been a vocal critic of Mr. Netanyahu. But the nation's core security interests are not partisan property. […] Opposition to the recognition of Palestinian statehood stands at the heart of that consensus. Any path forward for broader Palestinian civil autonomy must first incorporate a proven long-term track record of accountable governance, comprehensive de-radicalization reforms and a successful crackdown on terror elements targeting Israelis.\n\n[…] The truth is that international recognition of Palestinian statehood under current conditions is not a rejection of Mr. Netanyahu. It is a rejection of Israel's bipartisan security consensus.\n\n[…] After Oct. 7, it was not politics that shaped Israel's military response. It was necessity. Despite Mr. Netanyahu's hesitation, I pressed for an immediate ground operation in Gaza. […] I called for a powerful response on Iranian soil following the first Iranian attack on April 13, 2024 […]. And still today, I fully support retaining an Israeli military presence in Gaza long term to prevent Hamas from ever regrouping […]. The war could end tomorrow if the hostages were returned and Hamas relinquished its weapons and power.\n\nOn the eastern front, Israel must prepare to assume formal control over the strategic Jordan Valley in the West Bank […]. These are not political positions. They are, in my view, security requirements to prevent the next Oct. 7.\n\nIsrael's security is solely an Israeli responsibility, but not only an Israeli concern. […] Israel's security goals, including deterring Iran's regional aspirations and damaging its nuclear program, prevent the expansion of radical fundamentalist ideology in the region […].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:30.926066+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "cf48c5ee-cf55-4760-ac44-4dd3ba157d0b", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "f67533a7-1bc8-4419-b3a4-6d02bb76ec6f", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Aryeh Deri (Shas) — statement after the High Court Haredi-draft ruling, 25 June 2024 (English translation of Hebrew)", "source_url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/shas-chair-after-haredi-draft-ruling-the-torah-is-israels-secret-weapon-against-all-enemies/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "The Jewish people survived persecutions, pogroms and wars only thanks to maintaining their uniqueness, the Torah and the commandments. This is our secret weapon against all enemies, as promised by the creator of the world.\n\n[Deri called yeshiva students] the ones who preserve our special power and generate miracles in the [military] campaign.\n\nThere is no power in the world that can cut off the people of Israel from studying the Torah and anyone who has tried this in the past has failed miserably. No high-handed ruling will abolish the community of scholars in the land of Israel, which is the branch on which we all sit.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-06-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:36.723704+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5e8731db-0475-4d0c-8600-0a22d1a20987", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "63696738-d8db-46a4-9fd4-451183f4c227", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Walid Jumblatt — interview with The National, 3 April 2025 (with a Middle East Eye supplement, 20 May 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2025/04/03/walid-jumblatt-on-confronting-israels-dislocation-plans-and-why-syrias-new-leader-deserves-a-chance/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "(On Hezbollah's weapons and armed resistance, Jumblatt told The National:) \"Hezbollah should understand that now, going back to the old methods … armed resistance – it won't work.\"\n\n(Yet he insisted the party cannot be excluded from Lebanon's confessional order:) \"Hezbollah is part of the Lebanese society. They are members of parliament. You cannot say that Hezbollah as a political entity does not exist. They do exist. Hezbollah is part of the Lebanese Shiite society. You cannot exclude Hezbollah; you cannot isolate Hezbollah. It's not democracy.\"\n\n(On Israel and a peace treaty, he was categorical:) \"I'm not favouring and will never favour peace between us and Israel.\" (But he paired that with a renunciation of rocket warfare:) \"we cannot go back to the old situation whereby firing rockets could alter Israeli policy. We have to adopt a new policy based on keeping the state of armistice between us and Israel.\"\n\n(On the regional threat:) \"Israel has a free hand. It's up to the Arabs to understand the dangerous policy of Israel that is planning to dislocate the whole of the Arab world.\"\n\n(On post-Assad Syria — a striking reversal for a man who blamed the Assad dynasty for his father's 1977 assassination — he urged engagement:) \"Give them a chance. Give Ahmad Al Shara a chance. … I think he's an intelligent person, and he's clever.\" (He insisted:) \"Syria should stay united. They have already formed a government, which is good, that represents most of the Syrian people.\"\n\n(On reconstruction and conditional aid:) \"We need foreign help, we don't have enough resources here to cover the terrible damage and destruction done by the Israeli army during the year and a half.\" … \"They pretend it is linked to reforms – I don't understand how helping the people of Lebanon who lost their homes and relatives is linked to reforms?\"\n\n(Separately, to Middle East Eye, 20 May 2025:) \"Confessionalism is obstructing the unity of the Lebanese.\" … \"The price of that fight was terrible on the Shia in the south and elsewhere.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-04-03", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:45.456282+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e90df282-83ba-4155-aaf1-66c01546ede4", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000531", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MR", "title": "الرؤية المرجعية لحزب التجمع الوطني للإصلاح والتنمية (تواصل) — Tawassoul founding Reference Vision", "source_url": "https://www.tewassoul.mr/node/150", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "1- المرجعية الإسلامية: … فإننا في التجمع الوطني للإصلاح والتنمية (تواصل) لا نواجه مثل هذا الإشكال، فالإسلام مرجع معتمد دستوريا وأهليا، ويمثل مرتكز هوية هذا الشعب بمختلف مكوناته وأعراقه وتوجهاته السياسية. … ومن خصائص الإسلام الوسطية التي هي مقصد شرعي ومبدأ أخلاقي أصيل…\n\n3- الحرية: … على هذه الأرضية نقف ومنها ننطلق في حزب التجمع الوطني للإصلاح والتنمية في موقفنا من الممارسات الاسترقاقية الظالمة التي عمت مختلف مكوناتنا الوطنية… تعاني بسببها شريحة لحراطين بصفة خاصة فقرا وجهلا وتهميشا وحرمانا وعدم تكافؤ في الفرص…\n\n6- الخيار الديمقراطي: … نعتبر الديمقراطية أفضل النظم المعاصرة في تحقيق الحرية والتداول السلمي على السلطة وهي تمثل تطبيقا لمبدأ الشورى… وهي بذلك عندنا أساس للحكم وخيار استراتيجي لا موقفا تكتيكيا تمليه مصالح آنية أو إكراهات عابرة.\n\n7- التنمية الشاملة: يكتسب النشط الاقتصادي في الإسلام طابعاً تعبدياً… وبموازاة ذلك وضع الإسلام ضوابط مُحكمة لممارسة النشاط الاقتصادي، فحرم الربا وأعلن حربا على المرابين… واعتماد العمليات المالية على مبدأ المشاركة في الربح والخسارة… بل فرض الزكاة لصالح ذوي الدخل المحدود…\n\n9- تحرير فلسطين: … إننا في التجمع الوطني للإصلاح والتنمية (تواصل) نعتبر الاسهام في تحرير فلسطين من دنس الصهاينة الغاصبين من أولوياتنا… ودعم قوى المقاومة للاحتلال الغاشم…\n\nالخلاصة: … نـُجمل رؤيتنا الحاكمة في إقامة مشروع سياسي إسلامي المرجعية ديمقراطي الاختيار وطني التوجهات يعطي الأولوية لإنهاء الاستبداد وإقامة العدل بين المكونات وتحقيق الوحدة الوطنية مؤمن بالشراكة السياسية…", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2007-08-03", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:19.138925+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "04b2875f-32f9-4ceb-99ac-1a838fc0a558", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000419", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Saddam Hussein — Address on the 10th anniversary of the 1991 Gulf War (the “Mother of All Battles”), 17 January 2001 (official Iraqi-government English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Saddam_speech_January_17,_2001", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate\n\nGreat people, […] Arabs, […] Peace be with you and Allah's Mercy and Blessings!\n\nOn a day like this day in the year 1991, a marvel happened on both sides of an encounter. […] At that time […] Evil and all those who made Satan their protector lined up in one place, facing those who represented the will to defend right against falsehood and who had Allah as their Protector. They chose the sublime meanings and jihad […] as their path towards His good pleasure.\n\n[…] It is Iraq […] the bearer of the greatest mark in honour, character, principles, faith, stand, sword and banner. It is he whom you have known for the last ten years defending the principles of faith and humanity and […] his glorious Arab nation.\n\n[…] I will count on the side of the base act and the disgraceful stand those who represented the U.S, those who represented Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Holland, Argentina, Belgium and Australia… thirty-three states, twenty-eight armies, taking the first place in the aggression upon Iraq […] in addition to world Zionism and its freak and accursed entity?\n\n[…] I will say that the Arab nation is our nation. We belong to it and it belongs to us. It is our pride and our strength. It is our depth and Iraq is its depth. […] It is the nation of prophets, of martyrs and of holy men, it is our nation. […]\n\n[…] Iraq has triumphed over the enemies of the nation and over its enemies. It will triumph in all the remaining rounds with the help of Allah […].\n\nLong live our glorious Arab nation!\n\nLong live Palestine, free and proud from the River to the Sea!\n\nLong live Iraq!", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2001-01-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:26.054605+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2f0bcb4f-dcf4-4d38-8bdd-df84f461feb3", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "09caaa2e-bd3a-4dd4-a9fa-c7c7033aade3", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Yair Golan — interview, “Unite the Left, topple Netanyahu's government” (Jerusalem Post), 3 March 2024 (English rendering of Hebrew)", "source_url": "https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/article-789990", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "(On October 7, after a call that Hamas had begun to invade towns near Gaza, Golan launched a one-man rescue mission; reflecting on that day, he remembers one feeling: rage.) \"I remember the moment. […] The feeling that came up was terrible rage, terrible anger. […] I am not angry at Hamas. Hamas hates us and is a murderous enemy, I did not expect anything else. I am angry at ourselves. How did we let a corrupt government crumble us from within? […] Why did we not have the courage, the fortitude, the determination, to bring down the government before the war?\"\n\n\"We must rehabilitate Israeli solidarity not around a messianic group or a corrupt group, but around the values of the Declaration of Independence — a state that is honest, liberal, democratic, free; that respects the humanity of every person, and calls on Israeli-Arab civilians to participate in building the land.\"\n\n\"In order for there to be an exit strategy […], the government must be replaced. In order to replace the government, we cannot wait until 2026 […]. This must happen tomorrow morning. […] I intend to form the political entity that will fight and struggle for this.\"\n\n\"The coalition today is made up of people who are corrupt, extreme nationalists, and religious fundamentalists. You do not build a state this way. […] the state must be rebuilt on opposite values — honesty and fairness, democratic, liberal moderacy.\"\n\n(On the Israeli-Palestinian conflict:) \"There are only two options — annexation or separation. […] Separation, from my perspective, means saving the State of Israel and the ability for it to exist as the national home for all of the Jewish people […] while at the same time keeping it a free, egalitarian, and democratic country. Reject separation and adopt the idea of annexation, and what we will receive here is a messianic dictatorship.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-03-03", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:33.107199+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "cb827c88-1ac3-4aeb-8ad7-bd931f81323c", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000370", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas — “A Document of General Principles and Policies” (the 2017 revised charter), presented by Khaled Meshaal, Doha, 1 May 2017 (Hamas's official English text)", "source_url": "https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-2017-document-full", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Preamble: Palestine is the land of the Arab Palestinian people […]. Palestine is a land that was seized by a racist, anti-human and colonial Zionist project that was founded on a false promise (the Balfour Declaration) […]. Palestine symbolizes the resistance that shall continue until liberation is accomplished […] and until a fully sovereign state is established with Jerusalem as its capital.\n\n1. The Islamic Resistance Movement \"Hamas\" is a Palestinian Islamic national liberation and resistance movement. Its goal is to liberate Palestine and confront the Zionist project. Its frame of reference is Islam, which determines its principles, objectives and means.\n\n16. Hamas affirms that its conflict is with the Zionist project not with the Jews because of their religion. Hamas does not wage a struggle against the Jews because they are Jewish but wages a struggle against the Zionists who occupy Palestine.\n\n19. There shall be no recognition of the legitimacy of the Zionist entity. […] Rights never lapse.\n\n20. […] Hamas rejects any alternative to the full and complete liberation of Palestine, from the river to the sea. However, without compromising its rejection of the Zionist entity and without relinquishing any Palestinian rights, Hamas considers the establishment of a fully sovereign and independent Palestinian state, with Jerusalem as its capital along the lines of the 4th of June 1967, with the return of the refugees and the displaced […] to be a formula of national consensus.\n\n25. Resisting the occupation with all means and methods is a legitimate right […]. At the heart of these lies armed resistance, which is regarded as the strategic choice for protecting the principles and the rights of the Palestinian people.\n\n26. Hamas rejects any attempt to undermine the resistance and its arms. […]\n\n37. Hamas believes in cooperating with all states that support the rights of the Palestinian people. It opposes intervention in the internal affairs of any country. […]", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-05-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:39.57669+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "86e6ad09-6e3b-4794-8d84-fdd3500d81b6", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "0b3e54e9-eb55-424f-95fb-8790332720a1", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Nouri al-Maliki — Address to a Joint Meeting of the U.S. Congress, 26 July 2006 (official English record)", "source_url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-2006-07-26/html/CREC-2006-07-26-pt1-PgH5858-3.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "I know that some of you here question whether Iraq is part of the war on terror. Let me be very clear. This is a battle between true Islam, for which a person's liberty and rights constitute essential cornerstones, and terrorism which wraps itself in a fake Islamic cloak […]. The truth is that terrorism has no religion. Our faith says that who kills an innocent has killed all mankind.\n\nThousands of lives were tragically lost on September 11 […]. Iraq is the front line in this struggle and history will prove that the sacrifices of Iraqis for freedom will not be in vain. Iraqis are your allies in the war on terror […]. The fate of our country and yours is tied. Should democracy be allowed to fail in Iraq and terror permitted to triumph, then the war on terror will never be won elsewhere.\n\nMr. Speaker, we are building a new Iraq on a foundation of democracy […] just as Saddam has destroyed it through his abuse of all those rights. This is the new Iraq […] a country which respects international conventions and practices noninterference in the internal affairs of others, relies on dialogue to resolve differences, and strives to develop strong relations with every country that espouses freedom and peace.\n\n[…] Of hope over fear, liberty over oppression, dignity over submission, democracy over dictatorship, federalism over a centralist state. […] Iraqis succeeded in forming a government of national unity based on an elected parliamentary foundation and includes all of Iraq's religions, ethnicities and political groupings.\n\nFor the sake of success of the political process, I launched the National Reconciliation Initiative […]. But let our enemies not mistake our outstretched hand for forgiveness as a sign of weakness.\n\n[…] I have on many occasions stated my determination to disband all militias, without exception, and reestablish a state monopoly on arms […].\n\nI will not allow Iraq to become a launch pad for al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations. […] Iraq and America both need each other to defeat the terror engulfing the free world. […] Trust that Iraq will be a graveyard for terrorism and terrorists, for the good of all humanity.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2006-07-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:55.229593+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "99dc4ef8-84bd-48a4-899b-44ed0316e56b", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "country_id": "OM", "title": "Sultan Haitham bin Tariq — Address to the Nation on Accession Day (5th anniversary of the Renewed Renaissance), 11 January 2025 (official English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://www.fm.gov.om/en/21003/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "In the name of Allah, the Almighty, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. […]\n\nDear citizens, […] It gives us pleasure to celebrate with you, on this glorious day, the numerous accomplishments that have been made in our beloved country during the past five years of our Renewed Renaissance […]. Security and safety are the greatest of these bounties and blessings. No nation can function properly without security and safety, and no country can achieve stability and prosperity without them.\n\nThroughout the ages, the people of this dear nation have proven that they are steadfast in unity, like a solid structure, and that they move forward with insight that stems from tolerant faith, rejecting all fanaticism, avoiding all distractions that might divide the nation or weaken its resolve […].\n\nDear Citizens, The past years saw the launch of Oman Vision 2040, the vision of all Omanis, and set their clear path towards the future. […]\n\nSince furnishing a proper investment and commercial environment constitutes a fundamental pillar in the country's development, we have instructed the government to provide more advantages, extend competitive incentives and establish a supportive environment for investments in order to facilitate business doing, ensure the diversification of our national economy, achieve sustainable growth and provide more employment opportunities […].\n\n[…] From this perspective, we call upon all countries of the world to join ranks in building a world governed by the values of humanity and justice, a world that respects the sanctities of every nation, its identity, religion, beliefs and moral values, a world in which human dignity is preserved and where human rights are guaranteed […].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-11", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:28.519413+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "52eb35f4-2229-4da3-a248-2f3d22d5f724", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "country_id": "AE", "title": "Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan — Opening statement at the COP28 World Climate Action Summit, Dubai, 1 December 2023", "source_url": "https://www.mofa.gov.ae/en/mediahub/news/2023/12/1/1-12-2023-president", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Your Highnesses and Excellencies, Your Excellency the Secretary-General of the United Nations, distinguished guests, Peace be upon you all, I welcome you to the United Arab Emirates and to COP28. […] Our meeting comes at a time when the world faces many challenges, the most significant of which is climate change and its impact on all aspects of life.\n\n[…] the UAE has an established record in climate action. Over the past decades, we have built our capabilities in the renewable and clean energy sector. We have set a national pathway to net zero by 2050. The UAE is committed to a 40% reduction in emissions by 2030. To date, we have invested USD 100 billion in financing climate action […]. We are also committed to investing approximately USD 130 billion over the next seven years.\n\n[…] I am pleased to announce the establishment of a USD 30 billion fund for global climate solutions. This fund is specifically designed to bridge the climate finance gap, ensuring availability, accessibility and affordability at scale. Its objective is to stimulate the raising and investment of USD 250 billion by 2030.\n\n[…] I would like to tell you a story about a leader who believed in love of the earth and respect for nature […]. Realising that the true wealth of nations lies in their people, he worked hand-in-hand with the people to nurture the land. […] This leader is Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, Founding Father of the UAE.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-12-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:34.767594+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "412d71c4-0619-4b19-a403-73db5ccb1673", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000289", "country_id": "SD", "title": "Hemedti (Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo) — public statement on negotiations and the war with al-Burhan, 18 August 2024 (English translation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://rhinosd.net/?p=12237&lang=en", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Rapid Support Forces Commander Mohamed Hamdan Daglo said on Sunday that it has become clear and unequivocal that Al-Burhan and his clique lack any real commitment to negotiations or working to alleviate the suffering of the people, who are facing great challenges due to the war 'ignited by the Islamic Movement and its leaders in the armed forces.'\n\nIn a tweet on his personal account on the 'X' platform on Sunday, Hemedti renewed their commitment to negotiation, 'as a basic and strategic principle to achieve stability in Sudan,' adding: 'Therefore, we responded to all regional and international initiatives that aim to stop the war, but in return we will not allow a mere group of terrified generals who fled the capital to control the fate of our people, and we will have many options, capable of implementing them whenever it becomes necessary.\n\nAt a time when our negotiating delegation is in Geneva with a sincere desire to find a solution to the Sudanese crisis, the Port Sudan gang is mainly focused on preserving its own privileges and interests, which are inseparable from the interests of the old regime, which bequeathed us wars, displacement and refugees.'\n\nThe RSF commander called on Sudanese and members of the international community to take a decisive stance against what he described as 'the disregard shown by the leaders of the hijacked military establishment for the suffering of millions of Sudanese and for the cause of peace and stability in Sudan.'", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-08-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:41.305816+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2b611466-26aa-4067-8511-6970311e8f35", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000040", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "الحركة العربية للتغيير — مبادئ الحركة (Ta'al / Arab Movement for Renewal — Movement Principles)", "source_url": "http://www.amc-a.com/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الحركة العربية للتغيير\nتلتزم \"الحركة العربية للتغيير\" بقيم عليا وتعمل على ترسيخها ونشرها في مجتمعات العالم العربي بأسره أساسها حقوق الإنسان والمواطن والديمقراطية وحرية الحركة والعمل السياسي المبني على أساس احترام مبدأ الرأي والرأي الأخر. وعليه فأن \"الحركة العربية للتغيير\" تنادي الأنظمة العربية بنشر الديمقراطية والانفتاح والإصلاح والابتعاد عن الممارسات الدكتاتورية ضد مواطنيها في كافة أرجاء الوطن العربي.\nاستمرار دعم مسيرة السلام الإسرائيلي _ الفلسطيني من أجل إقامة دولة فلسطينية مستقلة وعاصمتها القدس الشريف إلى جانب دولة إسرائيل في حدود حزيران 1967. وحل مشكلة اللاجئين الفلسطينيين بشكل عادل طبقاً لقرارات الأمم المتحدة. وفي المسار السوري _ الإسرائيلي المطالبه بالانسحاب الكامل من الجولان طبقاً لحدود الرابع من حزيران 1967.\nرفع ودعم وتغيير المكانه القانونيه والمدنيه للمواطن العربي في اسرائيل ,وتقليص الفجوه القائمه بين الوسطين اليهودي والعربي عن طريق سياسة التمييز الايجابي للوسط العربي في كافة المجالات: الزراعه, الصناعه, التعليم, الاتصالات, الصحه, الاسكان, الارض والميزانيات, وذلك من أجل الوصول الى مساواه حقيقيه بين الوسطين العربي واليهودي في كافة المجالات, من خلال شعار \"المشاركه المدنيه الكامله\" والاعتراف بالجماهير العربيه في البلاد كأقليه قوميه.\nالتاكيد على الهويه الثقافيه والوطنيه الفلسطينيه للجماهير العربيه في اسرائيل واهمية التواصل القومي مع الامه العربيه .\nاقامة جهاز تعليم عربي في اطار وزارة التربيه والتعليم يعكس واقع وهوية وتاريخ الجماهير العربيه الفلسطينيه في اسرائيل يكون عربياً وليس \"مستعرباً\".\nدعم مبداً التعايش السلمي اليهودي - العربي في البلاد والمبني على اساس من الاحترام المتبادل والاعتراف بالحقوق السياسية والمدنية للأقلية العربية.\nتحرير الاوقاف الاسلاميه في اسرائيل.\nالنضال من اجل الغاء ضريبة الاملاك والاعتراف بالقرى غير المعترف بها وحل قضية اقرث وبرعم.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1996-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:56.398849+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e7bdc506-5f09-4942-a4de-9ef447fc7044", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "639b6911-c458-4c44-82a7-eca15a0f3f7e", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Reasonableness Standard Law — Basic Law: The Judiciary (Amendment No. 3), Knesset, 24 July 2023", "source_url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-10-24/israel-legislation-abolishes-reasonableness-as-a-standard-for-judicial-review-of-governments-decisions/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "Notwithstanding the provisions of this basic law, those who have jurisdiction by law, including the Supreme Court sitting as the High Court of Justice, will not consider the reasonableness of a decision of the government, the prime minister, or any other minister, and shall not issue an order in this regard. In this section, 'decision' means any decision, including regarding appointments or a decision to refrain from exercising any authority.\n\nKey effect: Added as section 15(d1) to Basic Law: The Judiciary, the amendment stripped all courts — including the High Court of Justice — of jurisdiction to review the 'reasonableness' of decisions by the government, the prime minister, or ministers (including appointments and refusals to act). It was the first enacted component of the 2023 judicial overhaul led by Justice Minister Yariv Levin (with Simcha Rothman). It passed 64-0 (the entire opposition boycotted the vote) and was struck down by the Supreme Court on 1 January 2024 (8-7) — the first time an Israeli Basic Law was invalidated.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-07-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:50.712389+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "4b8c717f-d8ff-44fe-bfdd-bb7d824172ce", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "426f2856-1231-4669-abd6-e69080b746ce", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Bafel Talabani (PUK) — interview ruling out a return to the PUK–KDP civil war (Al Jazeera, via Rudaw), 22 October 2018", "source_url": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/221020184", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "\"Over my dead body. And over the dead body of many, many Kurds.\n\nThis is just not something that will happen. […] We are still paying the price of that internal conflict.\n\nKurds will not, should not, and absolutely must not be allowed to kill Kurds. We need to be able to resolve our issues politically.\n\nI think this is the absolute doomsday scenario that every Kurd with a single brain cell would do everything in their power to make [sure] this never, never happens […].\n\n[…] We used to have a strategic alliance with the KDP and the strategic alliance was that the KDP would have - or one of the parties - would have the regional president and in return, the other party would have the president in Baghdad. […] So what we wanted to do was make some kind of an arrangement where Dr Barham [Salih], the PUK candidate, was the candidate of the Kurds as a whole. […] both parties ended up going to Baghdad with two different candidates. This saddened me a great deal because I would have preferred the Kurds to have made their own decisions before going to Baghdad.\n\nThe PUK has had problems internally. Imam Jalal [Talabani] became sick and then, sadly, passed away. […] But now a more unified and cohesive PUK is able now to make the appropriate agreements and alliances with all the political parties that it needs to do.\n\nSome of the people I most respect politically and as people are members of the KDP, people like Nechirvan Barzani, obviously Kak Masoud [Barzani] himself, Kak Masrour [Barzani].\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-10-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:32.481558+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "36193d77-ab01-4555-9276-cc28a630b695", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000284", "country_id": "DZ", "title": "Abdelmadjid Tebboune — main statements to Al Jazeera (APS state-agency summary), 8 June 2021 (English rendering of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/39658-president-tebboune-s-main-statements-to-al-jazeera-tv-channel", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ALGIERS- President of the Republic Abdelmadjid Tebboune has granted an interview to the Qatari news channel Al Jazeera […] in which he raised several crucial national and regional issues […].\n\nAt the domestic level, the president of the Republic said \"the genuine and blessed Hirak (protest movement) has saved the Algerian State from failure.\"\n\n\"Algeria was under the hand of an 'issaba' (gang) which stole and transferred hundreds of billions of dollars abroad.\" The gang \"wanted to exploit the illness of the former president to grab power for another five years,\" President Tebboune said.\n\n\"Thirteen million Algerians saved Algeria from the 5th term and the extension of the 4th […].\"\n\nAt the political level, President Tebboune said \"Algeria has definitively got rid of ideological Islam\" and \"the active Islamist movement in Algeria is different from Islamist movements in other countries.\"\n\n\"Thanks to its peaceful nature, the genuine Hirak came out victorious under the protection of security services and the army,\" the head of State said […]. \"The relationship between the presidency and the Army is a natural one,\" […] \"the Algerian army is a constitutional institution that enshrines the Constitution.\"\n\n\"Algeria carries the torch of Palestine, Western Sahara and oppressed peoples.\" […]\n\nOn relations with neighboring Morocco, President Tebboune said: \"we have no problem with Morocco. Morocco has a problem with us.\" […] reaffirming Algeria's consistent position vis-à-vis Western Sahara. \"We do not accept the fait accompli, whatever the circumstances are,\" he stressed.\n\nAs regards the relations with France, President Tebboune broached the existence in France of three lobbies […].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-06-08", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:39.04825+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2dc97919-3ac0-4d17-886c-30371c642a36", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "164dd9bd-fcc5-4a90-9069-1b34e652e5a4", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Rached Ghannouchi — “Secularism and the Relation between Religion and the State” (CSID lecture, Tunis), 2 March 2012 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.zulkiflihasan.com/2012/03/19/secularism-and-relation-between-religion-and-the-state-from-the-perspective-of-the-nahdhas-party/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "This leads us to ask the following question: are we in need of secularism in its procedural aspect? Perhaps the most important idea in the ensemble of these procedures is the idea of the state's neutrality i.e. towards religions and its abstention from interfering with people's consciences. […] In other words, the state is the guarantor of all freedoms be them religious, political or otherwise. And the state should not interfere in favor of this or that party.\n\nIslam, since its inception, has always combined religion with politics, religion and state. The Prophet (peace be upon him) was the founder of the religion as well as the state. […] The most important concept offered by such scholars as Muhammad Salim Al 'Awwa and Muhammad 'Umar is the distinction between the religious and the political as corresponding to the separation between state and religion. […] Whereas the religious is the sphere of observance and obligation, the political is the sphere of reason and Ijtihad.\n\nIt is due to the absence of a church in Islam that what remains is the freedom of thought and interpretation. This will naturally lead to a diversity in interpretation, and there is no harm in that except when we need to legislate, at which time we are in need of a mechanism, and the best mechanism that mankind has come up with is the electoral and democratic one which produces representatives of the nation […]. […] the nation is the only manifestation of divine will through its interactions and not any particular scholar, party, or state.\n\nWhile the problematique in the west revolved around ways of liberating the state from religion and lead to destructive wars, in our context the problem is one of liberating religion from the state and preventing it from dominating religion, and keeping the latter in the societal realm […]. But should Muslims be in need of laws, the democratic mechanism is the best embodiment of the Shura (consultation) value in Islam.\n\nThere is no value to any religious observance that is motivated through coercion. […] People are created free and while it is possible to have control over their external aspects, it is impossible to do so over their inner selves and convictions.\n\nThis is exactly why we saw two models in dealing with issue of the headscarf/veil, the first is a veil that is dictated and imposed by the state and the second is a veil forbidden by it. […] In Ben Ali's Tunisia, women were forbidden from wearing the veil […] through the state's coercive means. This was also a failure.\n\n[…] I have opposed the coercion of people in all its forms […] and have defended the freedom of people to either adhere to or defect from a religious creed, based on the Qur'anic verse that says: 'there is no compulsion in religion'.\n\n[…] we ought to accept the principle of citizenship, and that this country does not belong to one party or another but rather to all of its citizens regardless of their religion, sex, or any other consideration.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2012-03-02", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:54.230473+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "10899b80-e283-435f-b4d4-b8e1518e0ea2", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000014", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "برنامج حزب المصريين الأحرار — الحريات والمواطنة ومفهوم الدولة المدنية (Free Egyptians Party programme — Liberties, Citizenship & the Civil State)", "source_url": "https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "أولاً: الحريات والعدالة والمواطنة:\n\nيرى حزب المصريين الأحرار أن مصر جديرة بنظام حكم مدني يعتمد على المواطنة التي تساوي بين المواطنين جميعاً وتصون حقوق كل فرد، ويؤمن الحزب بأن الدين لله والوطن للجميع، وهو لا يرى بديلاً عن الديمقراطية كمنهاج سياسي، وأن تكون جميع المناصب العامة، من العمد والمجالس المحلية والمحافظين، بالانتخاب الشعبي وليس بالتعيين. ومن أجل أن نضمن ذلك، لابد أن يتضمن الدستور المصري أحكاماً فوق دستورية تؤكد على التزام مصر حكومةً وشعباً بالإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان الصادر في عام ١٩٤٨ …\n…\nثانياً: مفهوم الدولة المدنية:\n\nالدولة المدنية تأخذ بمبادئ الحرية والعدالة والمواطنة لا تفرق بين طبقة وأخري ولا تميز بين مذهب أو عقيدة، وهي دولة كل المصريين ولا تعرف سلطة سياسية سوي سلطة الدولة. الدولة المدنية تقوم على الحكم الديمقراطي وهو حكم الشعب لنفسه، حيث يمارس أبناء الشعب حقوقهم في اختيار حكامهم ومحاسبتهم وتغييرهم. حرية الاعتقاد ومباشرة العبادات، في الدولة المدنية، هي حق أصيل لكل فرد ولا يجوز التعرض له أو المساس به، ولا يجوز أن تفرض على الفرد أية قيود أو التزامات تحت ستار أية أفكار دينية أو مذهبية. … الدولة المدنية ترفض تكوين أية ميليشيات عسكرية أو شبه عسكرية لأي تنظيم مدني أو سياسي.\n…\nثالثاً: المرجعية الدينية وحرية العقيدة:\n\n… يرى الحزب أن يتم الإبقاء على المادة الثانية من الدستور مع إضافة حق أصحاب الديانات الأخرى في الاحتكام لشرائعهم الخاصة في أحوالهم الشخصية … مع التأكيد على المبادئ الدستورية المستقرة والتي تنص على أنه لا يجوز مباشرة أي نشاط سياسي أو قيام أحزاب سياسية على أساس ديني … دعم استقلال الأزهر … دعم استقلال الكنيسة القبطية ومؤسساتها الداخلية بما فيها قواعد اختيار البابا بعيدا عن موافقة الدولة … وضع التشريعات التي تمنع تدخل المؤسسات أو الجمعيات أو التنظيمات الدينية أو العقائدية في العمل السياسي.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-11-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:06.89938+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "05da4d3e-4cd9-4ad5-a5e8-2e91f720ae49", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000113", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "البيان الختامي للقاءات الجهات — حركة تحيا تونس (Tahya Tounes founding closing declaration)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/2019/https://tahyatounes.tn/2019/02/01/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "تونس \"اللي نحبّوها\" تستحق التّضحية لذا نجتمع اليوم، إطارات سياسية وناشطين مدنيين، فعاليات وحساسيات فكرية، سياسية من كل جهات البلاد تؤمن بمبادئ وقيم الجمهورية والديمقراطية والتقدميّة والحداثة والعدالة الاجتماعية.\nونتمسّك بإرث الحركة الإصلاحية التونسية من خير الدين باشا إلى محمد علي الحامي، الطاهر الحداد، فرحات حشاد والزّعيم الخالد الذكر: الحبيب بورقيبة، ورائدات الكفاح النسوي: بشيرة بن مراد وراضية الحداد، ووفاءا منّا لشهداء تحرير الوطن والكفاح الاجتماعي وثورة 17 ديسمبر 14 جانفي …\nنعلن اليوم في اختتام اللقاءات الجهوية التشاورية بكامل تراب الجمهورية، في لحظة تاريخية فارقة، وبمليء إرادتنا الحرة عن تأسيس حركتنا.\n1/ حركة تقطع مع التسلّط والإسقاط وتعتمد الحوار والاختيار الحر والديمقراطيّة القاعديّة.\n4/ حركة تعمل من أجل تنمية اقتصادية واجتماعية شاملة، تعنى بكامل الفئات والجهات.\n5/ حركة تعمل على قطع دابر الفساد بكل أنواعه وأشكاله ويحارب الإرهاب بالفكر والاقتصاد وبالوقوف صفّا واحدا وراء قواتنا الأمنيّة والعسكريّة الباسلة.\n6/ حركة تتأسّس على المفاهيم والقيم الحضارية التونسية الوسطية الحداثية والمتفتّحة على الثّقافة الإنسانيّة الكونيّة التقدميّة.\n7/ حركة توحّد العائلة الوطنيّة بكل مكوناتها التاريخيّة لحماية مكتسبات الدولة الوطنيّة من كل انتكاسات وردّة.\n9/ حركة تكون نبض الشّعب وفي خدمة الشّعب وملكا للشّعب.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-02-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:15.631274+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9ff77305-7973-4591-84de-7db57624bff6", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000233", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Naim Qassem — address on Lebanon's defense strategy and the Resistance's weapons, 18 April 2025 (Hezbollah-official English translation)", "source_url": "https://english.alahednews.com.lb/79942/616", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Yes, the constitution says arms should be exclusively in the hands of the state—and we agree. But which arms are we talking about? The weapons that maintain public order, the arms of internal security forces. As for the Resistance's weapons, they are exclusively for confronting the \"Israeli\" enemy. They are not—and have never been—intended for use inside the country.\n\n[… …] First of all, you're offering \"Israel\" a free service. \"Israel\" brought in its entire army […] and still, it could not seize even a single piece of our weapons […]. And now, you are calling for disarmament by force? That is nothing less than a service to the \"Israeli\" enemy.\n\nSecond, this is nothing short of sedition. What you're really pushing for is strife between the Resistance and the army. […] We and the army stand in the same trench, united against \"Israel\". You want to split us into two opposing sides […].\n\nThird, this approach reveals their belief that they can take control of the state under the umbrella of American tutelage. [… …] so that American influence can tighten its grip and govern the country without resistance.\n\nWe will not allow anyone to disarm Hezbollah or the Resistance because Hezbollah and the Resistance are one and the same. The very notion of disarmament must be removed from our vocabulary. […] These weapons are sanctified by the blood of martyrs, the wounds of the injured, and the sacrifices of the detainees. […] We will confront anyone who attacks the Resistance or works to disarm it—regardless of whether they are \"Israel\", America, or their collaborators—just as we confronted \"Israel\".", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-04-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:33.683588+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "bc8efabf-7fd9-43d7-a36c-f3f69b03a49b", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Mohamed Morsi — Address to the 67th UN General Assembly, 26 September 2012 (official English text)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/67/eg_en_25.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Coming here today and addressing the General Assembly carry meanings reflected in the fact that I am the first Egyptian civilian President elected democratically and freely, following a great peaceful revolution hailed by the world. This revolution established a genuine legitimacy, through the efforts of all Egyptians […].\n\nWe have taken several steps on the road towards establishing the modern state the Egyptians aspire for. One that is in tune with the present, is based on the rule of law, democracy, and respect for human rights, and does not compromise the values firmly embedded in the souls of all Egyptians. A state that seeks justice, truth, freedom, dignity and social justice.\n\n[…] The first issue which the world must exert all its efforts in resolving, on the basis of justice and dignity, is the Palestinian cause. […] the Palestinian People [… longing for] building their independent state, with Jerusalem as its capital. […]\n\nThe will of the people, especially in our region, no longer tolerates the continued non-accession of any country to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty […]. And I say it very clearly: the only solution is to get rid of nuclear weapons, and all weapons of mass destruction. But we also emphasize the right of all countries of the region to the peaceful use of nuclear energy within the framework of the NPT […].\n\nEgypt would like to stress that the international system will not get fixed as long as the application of double standards remains. We expect from others, as they expect from us, that they respect our cultural particularities and religious points of reference, and not seek to impose concepts that are unacceptable to us […].\n\n[…] Egypt respects freedom of expression. One that is not used to incite hatred against anyone. One that is not directed towards one specific religion or culture. […] But we also stand firmly against the use of violence in expressing objection to these obscenities.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2012-09-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:40.0412+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e4b959c0-be93-453b-a944-5fdcf745f4a3", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000500", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "الميثاق الوطني — الباب الثاني: الإنسان والوطن (GPC National Charter, Book Two: Man and Nation)", "source_url": "https://www.almethaq.net/news/news-50439.htm", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الباب الثاني — الإنسان والوطن\n\nأ- الولاء الوطني:\n\nالولاء الوطني مبدأ شريف، لا ينسجم بأي حال من الأحوال مع التبعية، أياً كان شكلها أو نوعها.\n\nففي ظل الولاء الوطني، يتمكن الشعب من التفاعل والتلاحم الطبيعيين، انطلاقاً من تمسكه بأهداف الثورة اليمنية، ومن شعوره بالانتماء إلى وحدة اجتماعية متماسكة، متميزة بالعقيدة الإسلامية، تتحقق فيها الممارسات الديمقراطية البنَّاءة، والحياة الحرة الكريمة.\n\nوالولاء الوطني بمفهومه هذا ولاء لله، وعلى ذلك كان حب الوطن من الإيمان، الدفاع عن الوطن دفاع عن العقيدة، والتخلي عن الوطن هو تخلٍّ عن العقيدة. …\n\nوهذا بالطبع لا يعني الانغلاق المتنافي مع الانفتاح العلمي، والاستفادة من كل نافع ومفيد من تجارب الآخرين، بما لا يخل ولا يتناقض مع عقيدتنا الإسلامية، والولاء الوطني ممارسة وعملاً، يحتم على الدولة والشعب الاعتماد على النفس، وأن يكون الحكم ديمقراطياً، نابعاً من عقيدة الشعب المعبرة عن إرادته، ومحض اختياره، لتسود الثقة بين الحاكم والمحكوم فلا تسلط فرد، ولا ديكتاتورية حزب، ولا سطو طائفة … ومن هذا المنطلق فإن الحكم الديمقراطي الشوروي شرط أساسي لصدق الإيمان بالولاء الوطني …\n\nب- الوحدة الوطنية والوحدة العربية:\n\n… إن الوصول إلى هذه الغاية، يوفر الظروف الموضوعية لترسيخ وحدة الوطن والحفاظ عليها في ظل نظامنا الجمهوري الديمقراطي الإسلامي الذي يكفل المساواة الكاملة في الحقوق والواجبات، وإتاحة الفرص أمام الجميع، ويضمن جميع الحريات للشعب، ويصون سيادة الوطن واستقلاله …\n\n(2): الوحدة العربية:\n\nإن التأكيد على وحدة بلادنا ليست دعوة إقليمية منغلقة، ولكنها تمثل الخطوة الأولى، التي كان لا بد منها كمقدمة نتمكن بها من الإسهام في تحقيق قيام الوحدة بين أقاليم الوطن العربي …\n\nإن إيماننا بالوحدة العربية يتأكد في تفاعلنا مع كل قضايا أمتنا العربية العادلة والمشروعة.. وأن نكون سنداً قوياً ودعماً حقيقياً لها ولا سيما قضية فلسطين التي تعتبر في مقدمة القضايا المصيرية …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1982-08-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:55.845432+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "31d32e15-2738-4ebb-a5f6-0655fc89cc90", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Mahmoud Abbas — Address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 21 September 2023 (official English text)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/ps_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Once again, I come to you carrying the cause of my people, who are struggling for freedom and independence, to remind you of the tragedy caused by the Nakba since seventy-five years ago […].\n\n[…] we still maintain hope that your esteemed organization will be able to implement its resolutions demanding an end to the Israeli occupation of our territory and the realization of the independence of the fully sovereign State of Palestine, with East Jerusalem as its capital, on the borders of the 4th of June 1967, as well as resolving the issue of Palestine refugees […] especially General Assembly Resolution 194 (III) […].\n\nWhy isn't it subjected to serious accountability, why are sanctions not imposed on it for ignoring and violating international resolutions, as is the case with other countries? Why practice double standards when it comes to Israel? […]\n\n[…] I also call on the States that have not yet recognized the State of Palestine to declare their recognition and for the State of Palestine to be admitted to full membership in the United Nations.\n\nOur people defend their homeland and their legitimate rights, through peaceful popular resistance as a strategic option for self-defense, and to liberate the land from a colonial occupation that does not believe in peace […]. We will continue our resistance to this brutal occupation until it is defeated from our land.\n\n[…] All that remains for us is to hold democratic general elections, as conducted in 1996, 2005, and 2006. But the Israeli government is obstructing this by its decision to prevent elections from being held in East Jerusalem […].", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:08.27888+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e93da4f6-30a4-4f19-9e22-a280734f8d28", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000281", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Mohammed Shia al-Sudani — “A Conversation With the Prime Minister of Iraq” (Council on Foreign Relations transcript), 21 September 2023 (English interpretation of Arabic)", "source_url": "https://www.cfr.org/event/conversation-prime-minister-mohammed-shia-al-sudani-iraq", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "AL-SUDANI: Twenty years after the major change in Iraq […] We went through a very painful experience in countering the regime starting with al-Qaida and ending with ISIS/Daesh. After we accomplished victory over Daesh […] The battle against Daesh unified all Iraqi citizens with all the components and affiliations. Therefore, we bypassed the sectarian discourse and the ethnic discourse which once divided the Iraqis. Now competition in the political process goes according to constitutional mechanisms. Even when we disagree, everyone uses democratic mechanisms.\n\nAny intrusion to Iraq is unacceptable […]. The neighboring nations or friendly nations, including United States, if they wish […] to be connected with Iraq in a […] positive, bilateral relation, they have to respect […] autonomy and […] the will of its nation. Iraq cannot be a scene to—for conflict or to get even. […] The stability of Iraq is the stability of the region and the stability for the whole world.\n\nNow, I could say how confidently that decision of Iraq is a national decision. It will not execute the desires of any party or any country, not Iran, not Turkey, and not the United States. […]\n\nThe relationship between Iraq and the United States should not only be security focused […] the American companies, known with their expertise […] could find solutions for many of the problems that Iraq faces […] not just the energy, also […] industry, services, construction, and infrastructure. […] we implement […] the Strategic Framework Agreement, especially in economy and in technology, and in energy.\n\n[Reforming the economy is] one of the […] important challenges that the Iraqi nation faces […] by diversifying the economy and not […] count on one thing, and I mean by that the oil. […] We cannot have a better economy without fighting corruption. […] In this government, there is bold remedies and bold decisions to combat corruption.\n\n[A] big […] number of Iraqi young citizen […] about 60 percent […] expect from the political system job opportunities, stability, a homeland in which to live with dignity. And these are their rights, and we have to accommodate.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:35.165442+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "8d5d33a2-5a20-41ba-b5d7-dff08eb6cf70", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "country_id": "SA", "title": "Mohammed bin Salman — TIME interview (during his April 2018 U.S. tour)", "source_url": "https://time.com/5228006/mohammed-bin-salman-interview-transcript-full/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "TIME: How long have you been thinking about doing this [tour], and what's your rationale behind this?\n\nMohammed bin Salman: When I started to think about doing a tour, we had a plan for Saudi Arabia. […] The United States of America is one of our oldest allies in the whole world, and we are the oldest ally of the United States of America in the Middle East.\n\n(On the economy) We spend $230 billion US a year outside Saudi Arabia. […] The plan is to spend half of it in Saudi Arabia. […] At the top of the pyramid we have the IPO of Aramco, pushing this money […] into the public investment fund, and pushing it to be the biggest fund in the whole world, above $2 trillion.\n\n(On Islam after 1979) We believe the practice today in a few countries, among them Saudi Arabia, it's not the practice of Islam. It's the practice of the people who have hijacked Islam after '79. […] So if someone comes and says 'women cannot participate in sport,' we tell them how about the Prophet raced with his wife. If someone comes and say 'women cannot do business,' the wife of the Prophet, she is a businesswoman […]. I am young. I don't want 70 percent of the Saudi population to waste their lives trying to get rid of this. We want to do it now.\n\n(On Wahhabism) What's Wahhabist? […] there is nothing called Wahhabist. And this is one of the ideas of the extremists after '79 […]. In Saudi Arabia we have Sunni and Shiite sects. […] they are living normally in Saudi Arabia.\n\n(On Iran) They are doing that from '79, and if you see any problem in the Middle East, you will find Iran. Iraq? Iran's there. Yemen? Iran is there. Syria? Iran is there. Lebanon? Iran's there. Where is the stable country? […] all the stable countries they are stable because Iran didn't engage in it.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-04-05", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:41.85501+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "dc2c151d-8b24-4f26-a4e7-109f81f3aba6", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000600", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "ישר! עם איזנקוט — מטרות המפלגה (Yashar! With Eisenkot — Party Goals)", "source_url": "https://yasharwitheisenkot.com/topic/missions/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "עקרונות המפלגה מבוססים על חקר האמת, שיקום החברה הישראלית לאחר המלחמה, וחיזוק המדינה לטווח הארוך.\nלהבטיח את קיומה של מדינת ישראל כבית הלאומי של העם היהודי\nנבנה מחדש את ישראל כמדינה יהודית, דמוקרטית, עוצמתית, מתקדמת וצודקת – ברוח מגילת העצמאות.\nלאחד ולרפא את ישראל\nנשקם את ישראל אחרי ה-7 באוקטובר ואחרי שנתיים של מלחמה. נרפא פצעים, נאחה שסעים ונוביל תהליך לאומי של התעצמות ושגשוג.\nלחזק את הביטחון הלאומי\nנגבש תפישת ביטחון חדשה, נחזק את צה\"ל, נבצר את הגבולות ונהפוך את ישראל למעצמה איזורית. בה בשעה נחתור לשלום, להבטחת רוב יהודי מוצק ולביסוס מעמדה של ישראל בעולם כמדינת-מגדלור מובילה.\nלחזק את הממלכתיות\nנשקם את מעמד ואיכות השירות הציבורי בישראל … המחויבות למסורת היהודית ולקידמה האנושית תעמוד תמיד לנגד עינינו. כל הישראלים ייהנו משוויון זכויות, שוויון חובות ושוויון הזדמנויות. צה\"ל יחזור להיות צבא העם. יונהג שירות לכל ויוקפד על שוויון בנטל. כל אזרח וכל אזרחית ישרתו את המדינה באופן שוויוני ובמסגרות הולמות.\nלבסס את הדמוקרטיה\nנוודא שישראל תהיה מדינה חופשית ופתוחה המחוייבת לעם ישראל, למורשת ישראל ולכלל אזרחיה. נכבד את הכרעת הרוב, זכויות המיעוט, זכויות האדם, שלטון החוק, המנהל התקין, התקשורת החופשית – ונגבש חוקי משחק מוסכמים. … הכנסת תהיה ריבונית, הממשלה תהיה בעלת יכולת למשול ולבצע ואילו מערכת המשפט תהיה חזקה, עצמאית ואחראית. … כהונתו של ראש הממשלה תוגבל (לשתי קדנציות) ויוגבל מספר השרים בממשלה.\nלהזניק את הכלכלה ולהוריד את יוקר המחיה\nנבטיח צמיחה גבוהה תוך צמצום פערים ושוויון הזדמנויות כלכליות לכל אדם. … נוריד באופן דרמטי את יוקר המחייה ואת מחירי הדיור.\nלעודד עליה\nנציע ליהודי העולם בית בטוח בארץ ישראל אשר יגן עליהם מפני האנטישמיות. עלייה של כמיליון יהודים בעשור הקרוב תוכל להזניק את ישראל ולבסס את ביטחונה.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-12-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:47:56.84273+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "04e5abc5-32bb-45b3-a3dd-aced9d34a1d3", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000112", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "برنامج حزب العمال الشيوعي التونسي (Programme of the Tunisian Communist Workers' Party / PCOT, 1992)", "source_url": "https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=147913", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": " على المستوى السياسي:\nإقامة الجمهورية الديمقراطية الشعبية على أنقاض الدولة الاستعمارية الجديدة.\nتحقق الجمهورية الديمقراطية الشعبية الاستقلال الكامل والفعلي لتونس والسيادة للشعب. ويضمن دستورها:\n2 ـ حرية المعتقد والتعبير والصحافة والتنظيم والإجتماع والإضراب والتظاهر والنقل والإبداع الفني والعلمي.\n4 ـ المساواة الكاملة بين الجنسين في الحقوق.\n5 ـ فصل الدين عن الدولة، أي اعتبار مسألة المعتقد مسالة شخصية ليس من حق الدولة التدخل فيها أو استغلالها للتضييق على الحقوق المادية والمعنوية للمواطن.\n6 ـ علمانية التعليم في كل المراحل.\n7 ـ اتباع سياسة خارجية مناهضة للأمبريالية والصهيونية والفاشية والعنصرية، متجهة إلى تعزيز الروابط بين الشعوب العربية من أجل تحقيق وحدتها المنشودة وإلى تدعيم أواصر التضامن الأممي مع باقي شعوب العالم.\n\n على المستوى الإقتصادي:\n1 ـ تأميم المصالح الإمبريالية تأميما كاملا دون تعويض وعدم الاعتراف بالديون الخارجية التي عقدتها الرجعية والماسة باستقلال تونس. وتجريد البرجوازية الكبيرة بمختلف شرائحها من أملاكها: وسائل إنتاج وبنوك وثروات مهما كانت دون تعويض وتحويل ذلك إلى ملكية لدولة العمال والفلاحين.\n2 ـ تأميم التجارة الخارجية وتجارة الجملة الداخلية ووضعها بين أيدي العمال والفلاحين.\n3 ـ تشييد إقتصاد وطني مستقل وشعبي تعطى فيه الأولوية للصناعة الثقيلة.\n…\n5 ـ إلغاء كل الأداءات غير المباشرة والمسلطة على الكادحين وإقرار نظام ضريبي تصاعدي على المداخيل والممتلكات والارث والأشياء الكمالية.\n…\n[البرنامج المرحلي – برنامج الحرية السياسية] … 5 ـ ضمان حرية المعتقد وفصل الدين عن الدولة وتحرير المساجد من التوظيف السياسي من أي جهة كانت. … 16 ـ رفع التضييقات المسلطة على مساندة نضال الشعوب المحبة للحرية ونضال الشعوب العربية وخاصة الشعبين العراقي والفلسطيني في كفاحهما ضد العدوان الإمبريالي الصهيوني الرجعي.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1992-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:10.70111+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "11d64d3a-a750-4860-842c-42e6fc09e1ee", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Anwar al-Sadat — Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, 10 December 1978 (read by Sayed Marei on Sadat's behalf)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1978/al-sadat/lecture/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "First, the true essence of peace which ensures its stability and durability, is justice. Any peace not built on justice and on the recognition of the rights of the peoples, would be a structure of sand which would crumble under the first blow.\n\nThe peace process comprises a beginning and steps towards an end […]. That goal is to bring security to the peoples of the area, and the Palestinians in particular, restoring to them all their right to a life of liberty and dignity. […] This is the letter and the spirit of Camp David.\n\nSecond, peace is indivisible. To endure, it should be comprehensive and involve all the parties in the conflict.\n\n[… …] I made my trip because I am convinced that we owe it to this generation and the generations to come, not to leave a stone unturned in our pursuit of peace […] to reconcile the sons of Ismail and the sons of Isaac.\n\n[… …] “Any life lost in war is the life of a human being, irrespective of whether it is an Arab or an Israeli. The wife who becomes widowed is a human being, entitled to live in a happy family, Arab or Israeli. Innocent children, deprived of paternal care and sympathy are all our children, whether they live on Arab or Israeli soil […].”", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1978-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:22.863667+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "098e278b-170c-46d6-8d45-4a35dcc2dc45", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000013", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "حزب التجمع الوطني التقدمي الوحدوي — البرنامج العام: بناء مجتمع المشاركة الشعبية (Tagammu / NPUP general programme, 1999)", "source_url": "https://altagamoa.org/2015/12/05/main_program/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "… فقد شهدت مصر منذ تأسيس التجمع نضالاً جماهيرياً متصلاً ابتداء من الانتفاضة الشعبية فى يناير 1977 إلى إضرابات العمال والطلاب وتحركات الفلاحين الجماعية. مقاومة النقابات المهنية للعدوان على استقلالها أو محاولات الحد من دروها الوطني والديمقراطي، والمظاهرات والمسيرات والمؤتمرات الشعبية من أجل القضايا الديمقراطية والوطنية وحماية المكاسب الشعبية الاجتماعية والتضامن مع الشعوب العربية عامة والشعب الفلسطينى خاصة والتصدي للتطبيع مع إسرائيل.\n\nفى رحاب هذه الحركة الجماهيرية النضالية خاض حزب التجمع معاركه السياسية والجماهيرية انحاز منذ تأسيسه للديمقراطية السياسية والحريات العامة وحقوق الانسان، وبرز فى الساحة السياسية باعتباره حزب التنمية الوطنية المستقلة المنحاز للاستقلال الاقتصادى والطبقات المنتجة، ووقف الحزب بقوة ضد كل الدعوات التى حاولت تغييب العقل المصرى والقضاء على الدولة المدنية وإقامة دولة يتستر الداعون لها بالدين بينما هم معادون للعقل والديمقراطية، وخاض معركة متصلة ضد الفساد خاصة فساد الكبار، كاشفاً الطابع الطفيلي للنشاط الرأسمالى فى مصر الذى صاحب التحول إلي اقتصاد السوق.\n\n… تزايدت سيطرة القوى الرأسمالية على الحكم والاقتصاد وتم التخلي التدريجي عن الجزء الأكبر من مكتسبات الطبقات الشعبية التى تحققت نتيجة لثورة يوليو، وتحولت الدولة من أداة لقيادة التنمية وإعادة توزيع الدخل لصالح الطبقات الفقيرة عن طريق الملكية العامة، وإعادة توزيع الثروة، لتصبح أداة لثراء القلة …\n\n… فقد فشل العرب فى تكوين جبهة متحدة لمقاومة الإمبريالية والصهيونية … وانتشار الاتجاهات السلفية واستغلالها المشاعر الدينية كأداة للتعبئة لإقامة حكم استبدادي، وتمهيد الطريق لإقامة دولة دينية … ففى مجال الصراع العربى الصهيوني … فقد قبل العرب إجراء تسويات منفردة مع اسرائيل، فوقعت اتفاقيات أوسلو … وهرعت أكثر من دولة إلي التطبيع المنفرد مع اسرائيل …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1999-10-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:06.35088+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5abced5e-b57a-4850-93c1-c362d03c3ec8", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000111", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "النظام الأساسي للحزب الدستوري الحر — التوطئة + الأهداف (Free Destourian Party Basic Statute — preamble + objectives)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200422224347/https://www.pdl-tunisie.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "توطئة\nمن باب الوفاء للدستوريين الذين قادوا معارك التحرير الوطنية وخاضوا أهم الملاحم التاريخية التي سارعت بهزم المستعمر وتحقيق الاستقلال ومن منطلق الإيمان بان زعماء الحركة الوطنية وعلى رأسهم الزعيم الراحل الحبيب بورقيبة خلفوا أجيالا متعاقبة من التونسيين المؤمنين بقيم الجمهورية وثوابت الوطنية ، نقر النظام الأساسي التالي :\n…\nالفصل الخامس : الأهداف (معدل)\nالحزب الدستوري الحر حزب ذو مرجعية دستورية إصلاحية يتبنى الموروث الفكري الدستوري كاملا ويعمل على نشر القيم السامية التي تميز الفكر الدستوري منذ نشأته في 1920 … ويحرص على ترشيد العمل السياسي وتوفير مجال المشاركة في الحياة العامة لكل التونسيين بطرق حضارية تنبذ العنف والتطرف والتحجر والتبعية للخارج وتلتزم بالعقلانية والمشروعية في ظل دولة وطنية مستقلة مهيبة ذات سيادة واستنادا إلى مقومات الشخصية التونسية المتشبثة بالهوية العربية الإسلامية والمتفتحة على الحداثة والفكر المستنير كما يعمل الحزب على التمسك بثوابت النظام الجمهوري ومدنية الدولة وعدم التفريط في لحمة الشعب التونسي وتراص صفوفه وتطوير مكاسب دولة الاستقلال وأهمها حماية حقوق المرأة والأسرة والحق في التربية والتعليم والصحة ونشر ثقافة التسامح والاعتدال ويساهم في إرساء ديمقراطية مسؤولة تضمن الحريات العامة والخاصة في إطار احترام دولة القانون والمؤسسات.\nالفصل السادس : الالتزامات والواجبات : يحترم الحزب في تمويله ونشاطه مبادئ الجمهورية وعلوية القانون والديمقراطية والتعددية والتداول السلمي على السلطة والشفافية والمساواة وحياد الإدارة ودور العبادة والمرافق العامة.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2016-08-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:14.759043+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d2bf7bb6-d94a-473d-91ee-fadd58e0ed71", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Yasser Arafat — Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, Oslo, 10 December 1994 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/arafat/lecture/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The Palestinians, whose national cause guards the gates of Arab-Israeli peace, look forward like their Arab brethren, to that comprehensive, just and lasting peace, based on “land for peace” and compliance with international legitimacy and resolutions. [… …]\n\nPeace is in our interest: as only in an atmosphere of just peace shall the Palestinian people achieve their legitimate ambition for independence and sovereignty, and be able to develop their national and cultural identity, as well as enjoy sound neighborly relations, mutual respect and cooperation with the Israeli people. [… …]\n\nWe started the peace process on the basis of land for peace, and on the basis of UN resolution 242 and 338, as well as other international decisions on achieving the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people. [… …] We must fulfill what remains, especially the transfer of power and taking further steps in Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank and the settlements to achieve full withdrawal.\n\nWe view peace as a historic strategic option, not a tactical one directed by current calculations of gain or loss. [… …]\n\nA comprehensive withdrawal from the West Bank and the Gaza Strip requires an in-depth consideration of the settlements question […]. The same applies to the question of Jerusalem, the spiritual haven for Moslems, Christians and Jews. It is the city of cities for Palestinians and where Jewish holy places are on an equal footing with Islamic and Christian holy places, so let us make it a world beacon for spiritual harmony […]. In this context, there is an urgent task […] namely that of the detainees and prisoners. It is important that they be released.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1994-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:22.263896+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "cb7abf77-6642-4833-bbe4-6e0b6ea55f4a", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000046", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "המצע שלנו — ישראל ביתנו (Yisrael Beiteinu party platform)", "source_url": "https://beytenu.org.il/party-platform/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "אנו דוגלים בתפיסה היהודית כפי שהיא מתוארת בספרו של חוזה המדינה, בנימין זאב הרצל 'מדינת היהודים'. חשיבותה של מסורת ישראל וערכי היהדות הם חלק אינטגרלי מהחברה וממדינת ישראל, ואנו מכבדים את זכותו של כל אדם לחיות על פי אמונותיו. אך אין לאף אדם את האפשרות להיות מונופול על היהדות. אנו מתנגדים לכפייה דתית מכל סוג שהיא, ולהשתמטות בחסות הדת ממילוי החובות האזרחיות והלאומיות.\n…\nההבדל בין מפלגת ישראל ביתנו, לבין המפלגות החרדיות הוא שאנו דוגלים ביהדות מקרבת ומאחדת, בשעה שהמנהיגות החרדית מטיפה ליהדות קנאית ומרחיקה. לכן אנו מאמינים כי צריך להפריד דת ממדינה\n…\nביטול תשלומי קצבאות לתלמידי ישיבות- כל תלמידי הישיבות והכוללים יממנו את לימודיהם מכספם, כפי שעושים הסטודנטים באוניברסיטאות.\n…\nמתן אפשרות לנישואים וגירושים אזרחיים.\n…\nמדינת ישראל צריכה ויכולה להימנות בין המדינות המשגשגות בעולם, בעלת איכות חיים גבוהה. כניסת רשתות בינלאומיות, הגברת התחרות בתחום היבוא, הסרת חסמים וצמצום רגולציה תוך השקעה מאסיבית בפרויקטים תשתיתיים לאומיים – הם שיביאו להורדת יוקר המחיה בישראל.\nכמו כן, יש לשלב אוכלוסיות נוספות במעגל העבודה. כאשר האוכלוסייה החרדית והערבית ושאר המיעוטים בארץ ישתלבו בשוק העבודה, הנטל על האוכלוסייה העובדת יצטמצם.\n…\nהבסיס ליחסינו עם המיעוט הערבי במדינת ישראל הוא מגילת העצמאות. אנו מצפים מערביי ישראל שיפגינו לויאליות כלפי המדינה בה הם חיים – כדבריו של פרופ' בן ציון דינור ז\"ל… 'לערבים כל הזכויות בארץ ישראל, אבל שום זכות על ארץ ישראל'.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:29.20827+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "59e8b82c-3f83-441c-a91e-dd58bdc0c8f3", "source_type": "article", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000110", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "TN", "title": "Ennahda's March 2012 decision to retain Article 1 of the 1959 constitution unchanged (rejecting sharia as a source of legislation in the new constitution), with leader Rached Ghannouchi framing it as \"a victory for the democratic Muslim state\" — Al-Masry Al-Youm, reporting the decision announced Mon 26 Mar 2012 (article 29 Mar 2012).", "source_url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/168832", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "كانت حركة النهضة الإسلامية التي تقود الحكومة في تونس، أعلنت الإثنين أنها قررت الاحتفاظ بالفصل الأول من الدستور السابق كما ورد دون تغيير.\n\nنفى زعيم حركة النهضة التونسية راشد الغنوشي، أن يكون قرار الحركة الاحتفاظ بالفصل الأول من الدستور السابق دون تغيير، والذي ينص على أن «تونس دولة حرة، مستقلة، ذات سيادة، الإسلام دينها والعربية لغتها والجمهورية نظامها»، دون الإشارة إلى أحكام أو مبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية، تنازلًا أو تفريطًا في أي من أمور الدين، واعتبر أن اعتماد حركته للفصل الأول من دستور 1959 هو «انتصار للدولة الديمقراطية المسلمة».\n\nوأضاف أنه «إذا كان الجميع قد ارتضى الإسلام دينًا للدولة ولم يتفقوا على معاني الشريعة، فقد رضينا بالإسلام دينا للدولة دون زيادة على ذلك، مادامت هذه الزيادة تُفرق صف الناس بسبب عدم وقوفهم على معانيها».", "content_translated_en": "Behavioral conduct-axis record for Ennahda (state-religion / democracy / civil-liberties / modernization), with an embedded declared statement by its leader. In March 2012 Ennahda — the Islamist movement then leading Tunisia's coalition government during the constitution-drafting period — announced (on Monday 26 March 2012) that it had decided to keep Article 1 of the previous (1959) constitution unchanged, i.e. abandoning the inclusion of Islamic sharia as a source of legislation in the new constitution. Reported by Al-Masry Al-Youm, 29 March 2012.\n\nTranslation:\n\"The Tunisian Islamist Ennahda movement, which leads the government in Tunisia, announced on Monday that it had decided to retain Article 1 of the previous constitution exactly as written, without change.\n\nEnnahda leader Rached Ghannouchi denied that the movement's decision to keep Article 1 of the previous constitution unchanged — which states that 'Tunisia is a free, independent, sovereign state; its religion is Islam, its language is Arabic, and its system is the republic,' with no reference to the provisions or principles of Islamic sharia — amounted to a concession or a relinquishment of any matter of religion, and he considered his movement's adoption of Article 1 of the 1959 constitution to be 'a victory for the democratic Muslim state.'\n\nHe added: 'If everyone has accepted Islam as the religion of the state but they have not agreed on the meanings of sharia, then we have accepted Islam as the religion of the state and nothing beyond that — so long as that addition divides people's ranks because they have not grasped its meanings.'\"", "published_date": "2012-03-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T21:21:00.602242+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "ef22fd24-cf09-4245-ae07-29b8adc2f6f5", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000270", "country_id": "SA", "title": "Saudi Arabia — King Salman's address to the 76th UN General Assembly, September 2021 (“The Kingdom speech”, English text)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/sa_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The essence of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 is to achieve prosperity, build a better future, and create a leading economy as well as dynamic society engaged with the world. Five years since the inception of Vision 2030, we have made tremendous headway in supporting local industry, developing infrastructure, information technology and energy solutions, investing in many other sectors as well as empowering women and youth, and improving the quality of life for all.\n\n[…] We emphasize that peace is the strategic option for the region through a just and permanent solution for the Palestinian issue based on the relevant international resolutions and the Arab Peace Initiative in a way that ensures the rights of the Palestinian people to establish their independent state within the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.\n\nThe Yemen Peace Initiative presented by the Kingdom in March of this year is capable of ending the conflict […]. Unfortunately, the terrorist Houthi militia continues to reject the peaceful solutions, opting instead for the military option […] and carrying out daily aggression against civilian objects inside the Kingdom […].\n\nIran is a neighboring country. We hope that our preliminary talks with it lead to tangible outcome to build trust […] as well as its cessation from all types of support for terrorist groups and sectarian militias […]. The Kingdom supports the international efforts aimed at preventing Iran from developing nuclear weapons […].\n\nThe Kingdom will continue to counter the extremist ideology that is based on the rhetoric of hate and exclusion.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:07.389592+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e0ee679e-5d70-45df-a735-2e42c05d9361", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000331", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SD", "title": "مقتطفات من التقرير السياسي للحزب الشيوعي السوداني (Sudanese Communist Party Political Report excerpts)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190920124917/https://sudancp.com/index.php/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9/2017-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%89%D9%8A", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "مقاومة الدكتاتورية\nالحركة النقابية تواجه النظام\nسجلت حركة الجماهير حضوراً فاعلاً في مقاومة نظام 30 يونيو 1989 كما تجلى في مذكرة القادة النقابيين في 30 يوليو 1989 لرئيس الانقلاب ، و التي طالبت بالحريات النقابية وشرعية النقابات ، وفي إضراب الأطباء في نوفمبر 1989 وإضرابات العاملين بالسكة حديد في 1990 و1991.\nورغم القوانين التي تحرم الاضرابات وسيطرة الانتهازيين بمساعدة نظام الرأسمالية الاسلامية الطفيلية على النقابات فقد ظلت جذوة نضال جماهير الحركة النقابية متّقدةً تمارس الضغط على قيادتها حينا وتتمرد عليها حينا آخر، وقد شمل ذلك نضال المعلمين في كافة ولايات السودان من اجل صرف مرتباتهم وحقوقهم، … والمعارك التي خاضها العاملون ضد تصفية المرافق والمؤسسات العامة مثل معارك البريد والبرق والطيران المدني والمصانع الحكومية.\n…\nمقاومة النساء:\nلقد لعبت المرأة السودانية وكالعهد بها منذ معركة الاستقلال وماقبلها دورا كبيرا فى المقاومة الوطنية ، وكان لها ولازال دورا هاما فى منازلة نظام 30يونيو 1989، الذى خصها بقدر اكبر من القهر والاستبداد وسلب الحقوق تماشيا مع طبيعته الرجعية والمتخلفة. …\nلقد استهدف النظام ومنذ الوهلة الاولى النساء بفرض القوانين التى تُكبِّل وتحد من حركة النساء ، مثل قوانين النظام العام وامن المجتمع حيث تعرضت المرأة السودانية للاهانة وللمساس بكرامتها كانسان ، كما تعرضت للاعتقال والجلد وللتحرش …\nولان قانون الاحوال الشخصية من اكثر القوانين التى انتقصت من حقوق المرأة وكرامتها وانسانيتها بتشويه مؤسسة الزواج الاجتماعية التى كرمتها الاديان ، وتحويلها الى مؤسسة مادية نفعية وقمعية . حيث جوز القانون زواج الطفلات وحرم المرأة من حقها فى العمل بعد الزواج بربطه بموافقة الزوج فقد وجد هذا القانون مقاومة من النساء ولازالت مستمرة … لالغائه لاجحافه ولتخلفه ولتعارضه فى الكثير من مواده مع حقوق الانسان .", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-01-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:16.192767+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "795502cf-b010-40f3-9a50-66544a770594", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Yitzhak Rabin — Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, Oslo, 10 December 1994", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/lecture/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "There is only one radical means of sanctifying human lives. Not armored plating, or tanks, or planes, or concrete fortifications. The one radical solution is peace.\n\n[… …] To preserve the Sanctity of Life, we must sometimes risk it. Sometimes there is no other way to defend our citizens than to fight for their lives, for their safety and sovereignty. This is the creed of every democratic state. [… …] In the State of Israel […] we have always viewed the Sanctity of Life as a supreme value. We have gone to war only when a fearful sword was poised to cut us down.\n\nWe are in the midst of building the peace. [… …] We will pursue the course of peace with determination and fortitude. We will not let up. We will not give in. Peace will triumph over all our enemies, because the alternative is grim for us all. And we will prevail.\n\n[… …] I am here as the emissary of Jerusalem […] which has always been, and is today, the eternal capital of the State of Israel and the heart of the Jewish people […]. With me here are five million citizens of Israel – Jews and Arabs, Druze and Circassians – five million hearts beating for peace.\n\nI wish to thank our partners – the Egyptians, Jordanians, Palestinians, and the Chairman of the Palestinian Liberation Organization, Mr. Yasser Arafat, with whom we share this Nobel Prize – who have chosen the path of peace and are writing a new page in the annals of the Middle East.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1994-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:23.279017+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "916bc073-174e-43bd-9010-51eaed79267b", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "FPM–Hezbollah Memorandum of Understanding (the Mar Mikhael Church document), 6 February 2006 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article163916.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Introduction: […] a joint memorandum of understanding between the FPM and Hezbollah was made public and read by Abu-Zeinab and Bassil. The following is the text of the memorandum dated February 6, 2006.\n\n2 – Consensual Democracy: Consensual democracy remains the fundamental basis for governance in Lebanon, because it is the effective embodiment of the spirit of the Constitution and of the essence of the pact of shared coexistence. From this standpoint, any approach for resolving national issues according to a majority-minority formula remains dependent on historic and social conditions for practicing effective democracy in which the citizen becomes a self standing value.\n\n3 – The Electoral Law: The reform and systematization of political life in Lebanon require the adoption of a modern electoral law (in which proportional representation may be one of its effective variations) that guarantees the accuracy and equity of popular representation […] B- Limit the influence of political money and sectarian fanaticisms. C- Make available equal opportunities for using the various media channels. D- Secure the required means for enabling the expatriate Lebanese to exercise their voting rights.\n\n4 – Building the State: […] A- Adopt the standards of justice, equality, parity, merit and integrity. B- An equitable and impartial judiciary is the essential condition for creating a State of rights, laws and institutions […] Address corruption at the root, because temporary and pacifying solutions are no longer sufficient […] to perpetuate the theft of the resources of the State and the citizen.\n\n9 – Lebanese-Palestinian Relations: […] B- The Right of Return of the Palestinians is a fundamental and permanent right, and the rejection of the settling of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon is an issue that has the consensus of the Lebanese people and cannot be conceded under any circumstance. […] D- Address the issue of bringing the practice of weapons outside the camps to an end […] leading to the exercise of the State's authority and laws over all Lebanese territory.\n\n10 – The Protection of Lebanon and Preserving its Independence and Sovereignty: […] carrying arms is not an objective in itself. Rather it is an honorable and sacred means that is exercised by any group whose land is occupied, in a manner identical to the methods of political resistance. In this context, Hezbollah's weapons should be addressed as part of a global approach that falls within two bounds: The first bound is the reliance on justifications that meet a national consensus for keeping the weapons, which would constitute a source of strength for Lebanon and the Lebanese people, and the other bound is the definition of objective conditions that would lead to a cessation of the reasons and justifications for keeping those weapons. Since Israel occupies the Shebaa Farms, imprisons Lebanese resistance members and threatens Lebanon, the Lebanese people should assume their responsibilities […] by: A- Liberating the Shebaa Farms from the Israeli occupation. B- Liberating the Lebanese prisoners from Israeli prisons. C- Protecting Lebanon from Israeli threats through a national dialogue leading to the formulation of a national defense strategy.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2006-02-06", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:31.529855+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d8ce8a9e-5965-487e-9321-182d07362a9a", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "2c4a6484-920f-4ef7-bfa8-70cfa869ff83", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Meretz — 2022 (25th Knesset) party platform, Chapter 3: 'Security and Peace' (מצע מרצ; Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://meretz.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A6.pdf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "3. ביטחון ושלום\nביטחון הוא אינטרס עליון ותנאי לשלום, ושלום הוא מרכיב יסודי בתפיסת ביטחון שלמה. סיום הכיבוש וחלוקת הארץ לשתי מדינות עבור שני העמים היושבים בה הכרחיים הן לשלום והן לביטחון.\n\n3.1 ביטחון\nתפיסת הביטחון של מדינת ישראל לא יכולה להתבסס אך ורק על בניית כוח צבאי להרתעה והפעלתו בתגובה לאיומים. היעד המדיני העליון של מדינת ישראל הוא קיום בשלום ובשיתוף פעולה עם כל שכנותיה וסיום השליטה על הפלסטינים. סיום הכיבוש הוא מטרה עליונה בפני עצמה ותנאי לשלום ולהשתלבות באזור.\n• מרצ תפעל לשינוי בסיסי בתפישות הביטחון הלאומי של המדינה. לצד בניית כוח ההרתעה, יש לקדם בריתות מדיניות אזוריות ובינלאומיות ולא להישען רק על יכולת הרתעה צבאית.\n\n3.2 חלוקת הארץ: שתי מדינות לשני עמים\nהקמת מדינה פלסטינית לצידה של ישראל היא אינטרס לאומי, ביטחוני ומדיני ראשון במעלה של מדינת ישראל ותנאי להסדרת יחסיה עם שכנותיה והשתלבותה במרחב. פתרון שתי המדינות הוא גם הפתרון המועדף על מרבית אזרחי ישראל, והוא הפתרון היחיד העולה בקנה אחד עם המציאות הגיאופוליטית והדמוגרפית בין הירדן לים.\nמרצ תומכת בהקמת מדינה פלסטינית בגדה המערבית וברצועת עזה על בסיס הקו הירוק תוך חילופי שטחים מוסכמים ביחס של 1:1, בחלוקת הריבונות בירושלים כך שתהיה בירתן של שתי מדינות – ישראל ופלסטין, ובפתרון מוסכם לבעיית הפליטים.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-10-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:37.814863+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "164d7b34-cf12-4088-86c1-2502886f5dae", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Egypt — National Statement to the 78th UN General Assembly, 23 September 2023 (delivered by Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry on behalf of the Sisi government)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/eg_en.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "First: In a world whose main attribute is interdependence and globalization, no one is secure unless everyone is secure. Simply put, the success of collective security is contingent upon the success of collective efforts and the effective application of principles inherent in the UN charter, and not on the selective application of these principles and practicing dual standards.\n\n[…] Egypt aspires to contribute effectively to BRICS, in advocating for the interests and ambitions of the global south, which currently composes no less than 30% of the global economy.\n\n[…] We reject any unilateral measures pertaining to the management of cross-boundary water resources. A prime example of these measures is the Ethiopian dam, whose construction commenced without prior consultations […]. It would be a mistake to assume we can accept a fait accompli when it comes to the very lives of more than 100 million Egyptian citizens.\n\n[…] Egypt reiterates its position in support of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people and to establish an independent Palestinian state on the lines of the 4th of June 1967 with East Jerusalem as its capital, in accordance with the relevant international legitimacy resolutions.\n\n[…] increasing its ability to promote human rights […] away from politicization, double standards, or attempts to impose concepts disregarding cultural and social specificities; by which authority have some come to believe that their value system is superior to another?", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:09.947811+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c8c769cb-0e54-448a-a43b-f6653f095c85", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "country_id": "YE", "title": "Tawakkol Karman — Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, Oslo, 10 December 2011 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/lecture/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "I have always believed that resistance against repression and violence is possible without relying on similar repression and violence. [… …] The solution to women's issues can only be achieved in a free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the energy of both women and men together.\n\n[… …] Peace within one country is no less important than peace between countries. War is not just a conflict between states. There is another type of war, which is far more bitter, that is the war of despotic leaders who oppress their own people. […] It is the war which today people face in the Arab States.\n\nPeace does not mean just to stop wars, but also to stop oppression and injustice. [… …] The Arab people who are revolting in a peaceful and civilized manner have, for so many decades, been oppressed and suppressed by the regimes of authoritarian tyrants who have indulged themselves deeply in corruption and in looting the wealth of their people.\n\n[… …] one demand: peaceful change and the pursuit of free and dignified life in a democratic and civil state governed by the rule of law. […] I, on behalf of the revolutionary youth, pledge to all people in the world that we are committed to peaceful struggle as a strategic option, without deviation or retreat […] until the establishment of a democratic civil state, a state where the rule of law, equality and a peaceful transfer of power prevails.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:18.287753+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ad86f75a-0146-4f60-b290-49e41fb8aa19", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "الرؤية وقضية الحزب — حزب القوات اللبنانية (Lebanese Forces — Vision & Cause)", "source_url": "https://www.lebanese-forces.com/the-party/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "حزب القوات اللبنانية\n\nنشأت القّوات اللبنانيّة من عزم شابات و شبان تختزن ذواتهم قرونا\" من التراث النضاليّ، صنعه آباؤهم وأجدادهم في الذود عن الأرض والكرامة والحرية والسيادة والإستقلال. حملوا السلاح مرغمين، بعد أن سقطت الدولة في فخ الانقسام على ذاتها، وأضحت عاجزة عن القيام بأبسط واجباتها في الدفاع عن الارض، في وجه الطامعين بها.\n\nالرؤية\n\nالعمل السياسي هو من أسمى الأعمال التي يقوم بها الإنسان لأنه يرتكز على إدارة الخير العام للجماعة، برضى الجماعة ولصالح أفرادها. انطلاقاً من ذلك، تضع القّوات اللبنانيّة نفسها في خدمة الشعب اللبناني لتحقيق ثورة حقيقيّة على الذات من أجل تغيير نمط الممارسة السياسيّة وأسلوبها، والإنتقال بها من الانتفاعيّة، إلى التزام حقيقيّ في خدمة الصالح العام، ممّا يؤدي حكماً الى تحرّر المواطن وحريّة الوطن.\n\nالقضية\n\nإنّ حزب القوات اللبنانيّة يؤمن بلبنان ويناضل من أجله وذلك التزاماً منه بقيمة الإنسان الحرّ وإدراكاً لأهمية قيام وطن تجتمع فيه مكونات المجتمع على تعدّدها وتنوّعها. وانطلاقاً من تصوّر ديمقراطي لقيام دولة دستورية يكون فيها القانون مرجعيّة للحياة السياسية والمجتمعية، تسعى القوات لقيام لبنان وطناً نهائياً لجميع أبنائه، وطناً دولته دستوريّة، لا عقيدة لها، تحمل خيارات المجتمع التعددي اللبناني بمكوناته و\"تراثاته\" الفاعلة المتراكمة، \"تراثات\" جوهرها الانسان والحريّة. والإنسان والحرية هما القيمتان الأساسياتان في تشكيل الاجتماع السياسي اللبناني.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2012-02-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:25.135493+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "87084a8e-0860-49f9-a72d-a1478c5b5cc3", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000021", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "מצע יש עתיד — דת ומדינה (Yesh Atid platform — Religion & State chapter)", "source_url": "https://yeshatid.org.il/platforms/%D7%93%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "עיצוב הזהות היהודית של המדינה צריך להיעשות מתוך מחויבות לכלל המרכיבים הקיומיים בחוסנה וביציבותה של מדינת ישראל בהווה ובעתיד – היותה יהודית, דמוקרטית, ליברלית, חזקה, מתקדמת ומשגשגת.\nיש עתיד מאמינה כי מדינת ישראל היא בית לאומי לעם היהודי בארץ ישראל ומחויבת לשמור ולהגן על זכויות האדם של כל אזרחיה על כל גווניה. … אנו דוגלים בהכרת מוסדות המדינה בכלל הזרמים, התנועות והקהילות היהודיות ונפעל לשוויון זכויות ותקציבים לקהילות השונות. המחויבות לפלורליזם ולשוויון זכויות הינה לכלל אזרחי מדינת ישראל: יהודים ולא יהודים כאחד. …\nנישואין וגירושין: נחוקק את חוק ברית הזוגיות שיאפשר מסלול נישואין אזרחי לצד מסלולים דתיים שונים לכל זוג המבקש להתחתן במדינת ישראל. …\nגיור: נשלים את רפורמת הגיור המעניקה סמכויות ואוטונומיה הלכתית לרבנים מקומיים להקים בתי דין לגיור.\nהשלטון המקומי … החזרת הסמכות לרשויות המקומיות להסדיר פתיחה וסגירה של עסקים בשבת בתחומן (ביטול חוק המרכולים). קביעת מסלולי תחבורה ציבורית עירוניים בשבת באופן מצומצם ובהתחשבות בקהילות דתיות. פירוק המועצות הדתיות והפיכתן למחלקות לשירותי דת ברשויות המקומיות. …\nכשרות וקבורה: ניישם במלואה את רפורמת הכשרות אשר תיצור תחרות בשוק הכשרות … נקדם את יישום חוק הקבורה האזרחית, כך שלכל אזרח תתאפשר הזכות לקבורה לפי השקפתו.\nשירותי הדת: נפעל ליצירת שוויון, פלורליזם, דמוקרטיזציה ושקיפות בשירותי הדת. … נתקן את הליך בחירתם של הרבנים הראשיים, כך שישקף את מגוון הקבוצות בחברה הישראלית …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-09-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:33.150813+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6fad742e-1bc5-40ac-a217-d0fa47c2d42e", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000296", "country_id": "KW", "title": "Kuwait's Emir Mishal dissolves the National Assembly and suspends parts of the constitution for up to four years (10 May 2024)", "source_url": "https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/report/kuwait/may-2024", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 10 May 2024, Kuwait's Emir Sheikh Mishal al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah issued a decree dissolving the National Assembly and suspending several articles of the constitution for a period of up to four years. He said the step was intended to allow a comprehensive review of the democratic process, citing chronic deadlock between the government and parliament over cabinet formation. The move came weeks after the April 2024 elections to the 50-seat assembly and a prior dissolution in February 2024, and transferred legislative powers to the Emir and the appointed cabinet during the suspension.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-05-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:39.293425+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a1b49977-43b5-44ea-b1f4-4edd79928aa4", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000372", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Naftali Bennett — Address to the 76th UN General Assembly, 27 September 2021", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/il_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Israel is a lighthouse in a stormy sea. A beacon of democracy, diverse by design, innovative by nature […]. We are an ancient nation. […] Israel is a miracle of Jewish revival. Am Yisrael Chai - the nation of Israel is alive, and the State of Israel is its beating heart.\n\n[… …] Israel is, quite literally, surrounded by Hezbollah, Shia militias, Islamic Jihad, and Hamas. On our borders. These terror groups seek to dominate the Middle East and spread radical Islam across the world. What do they all have in common? They all want to destroy my country, And they're all backed by Iran. They get their funding from Iran, they get their training from Iran, and they get their weapons from Iran.\n\nIran's great goal is crystal clear […]: Iran seeks to dominate the region -- and seeks to do so under a nuclear umbrella. […] Iran's nuclear weapon program is at a critical point. All red lines have been crossed. Inspections -- ignored. […] They enrich Uranium to the level of 60% which is one step short of weapons-grade material -- and they're getting away with it. […] Words do not stop centrifuges from spinning. […] We will not allow Iran to acquire a nuclear weapon.\n\nBut not everything is dark in the Middle East. […] First and foremost the growing ties Israel is forging with Arab and Muslim countries. Ties that began 42 years ago with Israel's historic peace agreement with Egypt, continued 27 years ago with Israel's peace agreement with Jordan, and even more recently with the \"Abraham Accords\" -- that normalized our relations with the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Morocco. More is to come.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-09-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:14.346676+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "751b9340-8aa7-49ff-826b-bd96d560cee2", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000532", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MR", "title": "UFP — Déclaration de Politique générale (document d'orientation stratégique, IIIe Congrès, 2013)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20171223192848id_/http://fr.ufpweb.org/2013/01/13/declaration-de-politique-generale-document-dorientation-strategique/", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "L'Union des Forces de Progrès est porteuse d'un projet de société qui, tout en s'encrant dans les valeurs civilisationnelles les plus positives de la société mauritanienne, fait siens les principes de liberté, d'égalité et de justice sociale, et s'inscrit dans une dynamique d'invention d'une trame sociale nouvelle débarrassée des archaïsmes socioculturels handicapant et de toute forme de discrimination et d'exclusion.\n\nUn projet de société fondé : – sur les règles sacrées d'égalité et de tolérance, de respect de l'autre et de compassion prônés par l'Islam et sur les exigences de justice et les modalités du droit positif, et non sur des préjugés socioculturels, sur la stigmatisation et l'exclusion de majorités marginalisées (femmes, jeunes)… – sur des choix individuels et collectifs libérés de toute entrave, et non sur des allégeances et des dominations anachroniques, vestiges de structures sociales de type esclavagiste ou féodal : – sur le caractère multinational du peuple mauritanien, sur l'égalité effective de toutes les composantes de la nation… – sur un accès équitable aux richesses nationales, à leur juste répartition au profit en particulier des couches historiquement et socialement les plus défavorisées, et non sur l'accaparement de l'économie par une minorité de privilégiés ; – sur la plénitude d'une démocratie citoyenne…\n\nCes principes justifient l'ambition de l'Union des Forces de Progrès d'édifier un Etat indépendant, de démocratie pluraliste et de progrès social, en rupture avec le monolithisme politique et les pratiques autoritaires. Cet Etat sera régi par : – l'attachement aux valeurs de l'Islam, religion du peuple mauritanien ; – les principes républicains d'égalités des droits et des devoirs, de gouvernance démocratique et de transparence ; – la protection et le respect des libertés individuelles et collectives…\n\n– créer les conditions favorables à l'émergence d'une société unie et solidaire, débarrassée des survivances archaïques, et ouvrant la voie à une économie de marché émulative et régulée… – soutenir et prendre part, en alliance avec les forces de progrès dans le monde, au mouvement pour une mondialisation favorables aux intérêts fondamentaux de l'humanité… s'opposer aux tendances régressives d'un capitalisme qui ne profite qu'à des minorités privilégiées…\n\nAlors que le peuple sahraoui poursuit sa lutte héroïque pour l'effectivité de son autodétermination, la situation dans la sous-région est caractérisée par l'accentuation de deux grandes menaces : le terrorisme mafieux des narcotrafiquants et le terrorisme djihadiste…", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2013-01-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:20.513442+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "96504c63-2bea-4d58-913e-0e69e4cfbe69", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000044", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "מסמך עקרונות תנועת ש\"ס — ש\"ס לצדק חברתי (Shas Movement Principles Document, 2006)", "source_url": "https://www.idi.org.il/media/6856/shas-17.pdf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "מסמך עקרונות תנועת ש\"ס\nמסמך עקרונות התנועה\nש\"ס – לצדק חברתי\n\nתנועת ש\"ס הציבה שתי מטרות מרכזיות\nלהחזיר עטרה ליושנה\nקידום הצדק החברתי\n\n• תנועת ש\"ס מאמינה בקיומה של מדינת ישראל כמדינת העם היהודי, מדינה מושתתת על ערכי הדמוקרטיה על פי תורת ישראל.\n• תנועת ש\"ס שואפת לקבץ את כל נידחי ישראל מכל הגלויות, כדי לבנות בית יהודי במדינה יהודית גדולה וחזקה בכל שטחי ארץ ישראל.\n• ש\"ס דוגלת בסובלנות כלפי החריג בין המגזרים. תנועת ש\"ס סבורה כי השלום מתחיל בתוכנו, באחווה בין הקבוצות השונות בחברה, ביחס של שוויון ובכיבוד זכויותיהם של בני קבוצות דתיות אחרות.\n• תנועת ש\"ס מבקשת ושואפת לחיות בשלום ובטחון עם שכנותינו מדינות ערב, על פי סידורי בטחון שמטרתם להגן על כל נפש מישראל.\n…\nכלכלה\nבשנים האחרונות התבססה בישראל אידיאולוגיה כלכלית שמרנית המאמצת ומקדשת את ערכי הגלובליזציה, התחרות החופשית, הפרטת מוסדות רווחה ושירותים, ומעורבות קטנה של הממשלה במשק. תנועת ש\"ס מאמינה כי הערכים האלו במתכונתם הגורפת מאיימים על צביון המדינה ופוגעים במסכת הערכים היהודים החשובים של שוויון, צדקה, חמלה וערבות הדדית.\n…\nצרכי דת\nמדינת ישראל היא מדינת העם היהודי. מוסדות הלאום היהודי והדת היהודית שלובים זה בזה ופועלים על פי רוח התורה היהודית. תנועת ש\"ס מאמינה כי חוסנה הפנימי של המדינה מושתת על האמונה בבורא עולם ועל קיום מצוות התורה.\n…\nפיתוח הארץ\nתנועת ש\"ס תומכת בפיתוח כל חבלי ארץ ישראל: יהודה ושומרון, פיתוח הנגב והגליל.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2006-03-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:28.720829+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "59b67ba4-5f6f-47a9-a21b-a4084ee052ff", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani — the al-jihad al-kifa'i (collective-duty defense) fatwa against ISIS, read by Sheikh Abdul-Mahdi al-Karbalai, Karbala, 13 June 2014 (Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.sistani.org/arabic/archive/24918/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "إن العراق وشعبه يواجه تحدياً كبيراً وخطراً عظيماً وإن الارهابيين لا يهدفون إلى السيطرة على بعض المحافظات كنينوى وصلاح الدين فقط بل صرحوا بأنهم يستهدفون جميع المحافظات ولا سيما بغداد وكربلاء المقدسة والنجف الأشرف ، فهم يستهدفون كل العراقيين ، ومن هنا فإن مسؤولية التصدي لهم ومقاتلتهم هي مسؤولية الجميع ولا يختص بطائفةٍ دون أخرى أو بطرفٍ دون آخر.\n\n[… …] إن دفاع أبنائنا في القوات المسلحة وسائر الأجهزة الامنية هو دفاع مقدس ، ويتأكد ذلك حينما يتضح أن منهج هؤلاء الارهابيين المعتدين هو منهج ظلامي بعيد عن روح الاسلام ، يرفض التعايش مع الآخر بسلام ويعتمد العنف وسفك الدماء وإثارة الاحتراب الطائفي وسيلة لبسط نفوذه وهيمنته.\n\n[… …] إن طبيعة المخاطر المحدقة بالعراق وشعبه في الوقت الحاضر تقتضي الدفاع عن هذا الوطن وأهله وأعراض مواطنيه وهذا الدفاع واجب على المواطنين بالوجوب الكفائي ، بمعنى أنه إذا تصدى له من بهم الكفاية بحيث يتحقق الغرض وهو حفظ العراق وشعبه ومقدساته يسقط عن الباقين.\n\nثم قال : ومن هنا فان المواطنين الذين يتمكنون من حمل السلاح ومقاتلة الارهابيين دفاعاً عن بلدهم وشعبهم ومقدساتهم عليهم التطوع للانخراط في القوات الأمنية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2014-06-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:42.80662+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0864da13-5162-4e60-bd90-2212e84ce588", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "a874e4c4-6361-4fc3-a435-f05c86809123", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Abir Moussi — 'Ennahdha n'est pas un parti de souche tunisienne' (Jeune Afrique interview, 23 September 2020)", "source_url": "https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1048486/politique/tunisie-abir-moussi-ennahdha-nest-pas-un-parti-de-souche-tunisienne/", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "Vous avez fait d'Ennahdha votre ennemi juré. Pourquoi ?\n\nEnnahdha n'est pas un parti de souche tunisienne : il est une émanation ou une filiale de l'organisation internationale des Frères Musulmans. Les liens sont attestés. D'ailleurs, l'autorisation obtenue par Ennahdha pour opérer en tant que parti n'est pas réglementaire : ils ont produit un règlement intérieur sans référentiel religieux, avant de l'intégrer par la suite. [… …] Mais le pire, c'est que depuis leur installation au pouvoir, on a eu affaire aux extrémistes, au terrorisme, aux embuscades, aux attaques, à l'embrigadement des jeunes et au drapeau noir de l'État islamique. [… …] Tant qu'ils sont là, au pouvoir, on ne pourra pas pérenniser la sécurité nationale ou même régionale. Comment, dans ce cas, penser à une relance économique, sachant qu'ils ont encouragé l'économie parallèle et la corruption ?\n\n[… …] Le PDL a demandé à l'Exécutif d'interdire les extrémistes de Hizb Ettahrir et les adeptes de Qaradaoui [prédicateur égyptien vivant en exil au Qatar] qui forment les imams. [… …] L'un des candidats d'Ennahdha à la cour [constitutionnelle] est le fondateur des centres de Qaradaoui en Tunisie. Le but est que la Constitution soit interprétée à partir du prisme islamiste. C'est un danger pour toutes les libertés.\n\nComment jugez-vous la première année de mandat du président Kaïs Saïed ?\n\nNous ne le connaissions pas et étions vigilants puisqu'Ennahdha et Al Karama l'avaient soutenu au second tour. Et jusqu'à présent, il nous semble énigmatique ou du moins nous peinons à comprendre la motivation de certaines déclarations ou les difficultés à appliquer certaines décisions.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2020-09-23", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:52.644891+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "65e28026-34da-4cea-848f-ee97790639b6", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "10da583b-462e-4ba8-9fde-fbe657c6bf62", "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas Gaza leader Yahya Sinwar killed by Israeli forces in Rafah (16 Oct 2024)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Yahya_Sinwar", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Yahya Sinwar, the head of Hamas in Gaza and chairman of its political bureau, was killed on 16 October 2024 during an encounter with Israeli soldiers in the Tel al-Sultan area of Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip. The Israeli military announced his likely death on 17 October and confirmed it via dental records, fingerprints, and DNA. Hamas confirmed his death on 18 October. Sinwar had led Hamas in Gaza since 2017 and was regarded as a principal architect of the 7 October 2023 attack.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-10-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:59.476618+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "122b7bc3-e537-4d17-b40d-64fa972f0cb9", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "The Palestinian National Charter — Resolutions of the Palestine National Council, 1–17 July 1968 (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/plocov.asp", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "Article 1: Palestine is the homeland of the Arab Palestinian people; it is an indivisible part of the Arab homeland, and the Palestinian people are an integral part of the Arab nation.\n\nArticle 8: The phase in their history, through which the Palestinian people are now living, is that of national (watani) struggle for the liberation of Palestine. […] the Palestinian masses […] constitute — both their organizations and the individuals — one national front working for the retrieval of Palestine and its liberation through armed struggle.\n\nArticle 9: Armed struggle is the only way to liberate Palestine. This it is the overall strategy, not merely a tactical phase. The Palestinian Arab people assert their absolute determination and firm resolution to continue their armed struggle and to work for an armed popular revolution for the liberation of their country and their return to it.\n\nArticle 15: The liberation of Palestine, from an Arab viewpoint, is a national (qawmi) duty […] and aims at the elimination of Zionism in Palestine. […]\n\nArticle 16: The liberation of Palestine […] will safeguard the country's religious sanctuaries and guarantee freedom of worship and of visit to all, without discrimination of race, color, language, or religion.\n\nArticle 19: The partition of Palestine in 1947 and the establishment of the state of Israel are entirely illegal, regardless of the passage of time […].\n\nArticle 20: The Balfour Declaration, the Mandate for Palestine, and everything that has been based upon them, are deemed null and void. Claims of historical or religious ties of Jews with Palestine are incompatible with the facts of history […]. Judaism, being a religion, is not an independent nationality. Nor do Jews constitute a single nation with an identity of its own; they are citizens of the states to which they belong.\n\nArticle 21: The Arab Palestinian people […] reject all solutions which are substitutes for the total liberation of Palestine […].\n\nArticle 22: Zionism is a political movement organically associated with international imperialism and antagonistic to all action for liberation and to progressive movements in the world. It is racist and fanatic in its nature, aggressive, expansionist, and colonial in its aims, and fascist in its methods. Israel is the instrument of the Zionist movement, and geographical base for world imperialism […].\n\nArticle 27: The Palestine Liberation Organization shall cooperate with all Arab states […] and will adopt a neutral policy among them […] and on this basis it shall not interfere in the internal affairs of any Arab state.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1968-07-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:16.958836+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "bfd92c45-96d6-47d5-aa86-0f4a2a20f0e5", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000522", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "BH", "title": "تصريح الأمين العام لجمعية المنبر الوطني الإسلامي — مراجعة برنامج العمل (Al-Menbar SG programmatic statement)", "source_url": "https://almenber.bh/?p=2446", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "عقدت الأمانة العامة لجمعية المنبر الوطني الإسلامي ورشة عمل لأعضائها لمناقشة إمكانية مراجعة برنامج عمل الجمعية ومدى مواكبته للتطورات والمستجدات التي تشهدها الساحة المحلية والخارجية .\n\nوأوضح الدكتورعلي أن الآوانة الأخيرة شهدت هزات اقتصادية عنيفة بسبب انخفاض أسعار البترول الأمر الذي أثر سلباً على الخدمات المعيشية للمواطن وزاد من أعبائه المعيشية بسبب لجوء الحكومة لتعويض نقص أسعار البترول من خلال زيادة الرسوم وفرض الضرائب لسد عجز الموازنة وهو ما يتطلب رؤية اقتصادية جديدة ومغايرة تقدم حلول وبدائل لسد عجز الميزانية بعيداً عن جيوب المواطنين .\n\nوأكد الدكتور علي أن التعديلات والمراجعات ستلتزم بثوابت ومبادىء الجمعية المعلنة والإجماع الوطني المتمثل في مرجعية ميثاق العمل الوطني والدستور والحفاظ على الشرعية الدستورية للبلاد وحماية هوية المجتمع والوحدة الوطنية وعدم التبعية لأي جهات خارجية، وستراعي هذه التعديلات الواقع بكل ما فيه من تعقيدات بسبب ما تمر به منطقتنا في المرحلة الراهنة.\n\nوأشارالأمين العام للمنبر إلى أن التعديلات ستطرح للنقاش الداخلي لأعضاء الجمعية وبمشاركة شخصيات متخصصة في المجالات المختلفة من أجل تقديم رؤية متكاملة وحلول لكثير من المشكلات والتحديات التي تواجه المجتمع.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-11-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:23.90755+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6292a5f5-d5dd-47bd-81b3-01dc9fbb0a68", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000043", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Charter of the Southern Islamic Movement (the document guiding Ra'am) (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/raams-guiding-charter-backs-palestinian-right-of-return-calls-zionism-racist/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "\"The State of Israel was born of the racist, occupying Zionist project; iniquitous Western and British imperialism; and the debasement and feebleness of the Arab and Islamic [nations]. We do not absolve ourselves, the Palestinian people, of our responsibility and our failure to confront this project,\" the charter says.\n\n\"Remove your hands from the Palestinian people so they might establish their own free and independent state, next to Israel, and that the expelled and displaced might return to their homeland and their houses and their land. Or, accept one state from the river to the sea, in which the two peoples may live under the heavens in freedom and equality and safety and peace,\" the charter states in this context.\n\n\"We all are [united as] one hand until the occupation ends and a Palestinian state is established in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and in noble Jerusalem; when the expelled and displaced return to their homes and to their homeland.\"\n\nThe Islamic Movement's 2018 charter carries some of the same messaging, saying that the \"nonviolent civil… advancement in which we are engaged\" would work to benefit both Jews and Arabs. \"[This] aims to strengthen the values of justice and freedom and dignity for all people, Jews and Arabs, and aims to remove oppression and prejudice and insult to the oppressed in the world,\" the charter says.\n\n\"There can be no allegiance to [Israel], nor any identification with its Zionist, racist, occupier thought, nor any acceptance of any of the various forms of 'Israelification,' which would shed us of our identity and particularity and rights,\" the charter says.\n\n\"Our political participation, on all its levels, from local government to the legislative authority in parliament [i.e., the Knesset], and in official civil authorities, is but an attempt to defend our rights and the interests of our Arab Palestinian community inside [Israel], and to aid our Palestinian cause, and to clash with the proposals and policies and programs of the Zionist project from within the heart of the state institutions,\" the charter notes. \"It is, at the very least, a word of truth before a tyrannical despot,\" it concludes — a reference to a famous saying attributed to Islam's prophet, Mohammad.\n\n\"Our most important goal with regard to the State of Israel, regarding Palestinian Arab society, is to maintain our presence in our homeland, to preserve our identity, and the Arab, Islamic, and Christian identities of our country, and to enable our community to achieve its rights in civil, national and religious spheres, and in the sphere of daily life,\" the charter says.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:32.731136+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "af85f8f3-5b9d-404d-9c4b-3e46e4f819a6", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011 (Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420010230/https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "على أساس واحد وميزان لا يختل كان الوفد و سيبقى حزب الوطنية المصرية والدستور وإستقلال الإرادة الوطنية.\n\nثوابت الوفد\nالإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع ولأصحاب الديانات السماويه الأخـرى حق الإحتكام إلى شرائعهم في أحوالهم الشخصيه وشئونهم الدينيه. الوحدة الوطنية هي صمام أمن وسلامة واستقرار البلاد .. والمواطنه هي أساس الحقوق والواجبات. نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله و نرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم. الديمقراطية القائمة على أسس التعدد الحزبيه والفكريه واحترام حقوق الإنسان والحريات العامه وتداول السلطة بإنتخابات حرة ونزيهة تحت إشراف قضائى كامل .. الديمقراطيه التي تحميها سيادة القانون والقضاء المستقل و الرقابة الشعبية والمساءلة السياسية والصحافة الحرة والإعلام المستقل. العدالة الإجتماعية القائمة على حسن توزيع الدخل وتقريب الفوارق بين الطبقات. الدور الإقليمى الرائد لمصر في محيطها العربي والإسلامي والأفريقي.\n\nثامن عشر : الإقتصاد والإستثمار\nيتبنى الوفد التنميه الشامله على أساس إعادة الهيكلة المالية بما يخفف من ديونها الداخلية والخارجية والإعتماد على نظام الاقتصاد الحر والذي يعطي للقطاع الخاص النصيب الأكبر في تحقيق برامج التنمية الإستثماريه والحد من الإقتراض.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2011-11-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:38.313312+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "20907670-dbca-4339-ba12-63318e4dab18", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000070", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "EG", "title": "عن حزب مستقبل وطن — من نحن / مبادئ الحزب / الرؤية والبرنامج السياسي (Mostaqbal Watan official About — principles & political vision)", "source_url": "https://www.mostaqbalwatan.com/ar/about", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "من نحن\nحزب مستقبل وطن هو حزب سياسي وطني مصري تأسس عام 2014 بهدف دعم الدولة المصرية وبناء مستقبل أفضل لجميع المواطنين. يعمل الحزب على تمكين الشباب، وتعزيز العدالة الاجتماعية، والمشاركة الفاعلة في الحياة السياسية من خلال كوادر مؤهلة ومبادرات تنموية تشمل مختلف محافظات الجمهورية. ينطلق الحزب من رؤية وطنية تستند إلى قيم التعددية والمواطنة والعمل الجماعي، ويسعى لتحقيق التنمية الشاملة والاستقرار السياسي والاقتصادي، عبر تقديم برامج عملية تسهم في صناعة القرار وخدمة المصلحة العامة.\n\nمبادئ الحزب\nالمواطنة والمساواة الكاملة\nجميع المصريين متساوون في الحقوق والواجبات دون تمييز مع ضمان تكافؤ الفرص واحترام التنوع.\nحكم القانون وسيادته\nسيادة القانون ركيزة أساسية لتحقيق العدالة وتطبق على الجميع دون استثناء من خلال قضاء مستقل.\nترسيخ الديمقراطية التعددية والمشاركة الشعبية\nالديمقراطية هي الوسيلة الوحيدة لتغيير السياسات سلمياً، وتوسيع قاعدة المشاركة الشعبية.\nتشجيع التصنيع والتوظيف لتسريع النمو القومي\nاقتصاد منتج قائم على الصناعة والزراعة يعزز التشغيل والمشاركة المجتمعية.\nحماية مكتسبات ثورتي 25 يناير ؈30 يونيو\nالتمسك بمبادئ الثورتين وتحقيق تطلعات المصريين في الحرية والكرامة والعدالة الاجتماعية.\nكرامة المواطن والعدالة الاجتماعية\nدعم الفئات الأكثر احتياجاً وتوفير الحماية الاجتماعية والعمل على توفير فرص متكافئة ودعم المستحقين.\n\nالرؤية والبرنامج السياسي\nيسعى حزب مستقبل وطن إلى بناء دولة مصرية حديثة تحقق العدالة الاجتماعية والتنمية المستدامة، وتعزز مكانة مصر إقليميًا ودوليًا.\nدولة ديمقراطية حديثة\nالسعي لبناء دولة حديثة قائمة على المواطنة، الحرية، والمساواة، تضمن حقوق وحريات المواطنين داخل منظومة ديمقراطية.\nاقتصاد وطني تنافسي\nبناء اقتصاد منتج يقوم على الصناعة والزراعة ويستثمر الموارد المتاحة، ويعتمد على العدالة والمشاركة المجتمعية.\nوحدة الشعب مصدر السلطات\nترسيخ مفهوم أن الشعب هو مصدر السلطات، وأن ممارسته لها هي الركيزة الأساسية للنظام القومي الديمقراطي.\nتمكين المرأة\nدعم طموحات المرأة في مختلف المجالات، وتعزيز مشاركتها في الحياة العامة، السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية.\nسياسة خارجية متوازنة\nدعم السلام الإقليمي، والالتزام بحق الشعوب في تقرير مصيرها، والتوازن في العلاقات الخارجية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:46.90892+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "bd395cfd-5d72-4942-9442-ab415fe0bd6a", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Mohamed Morsi — Constitutional Declaration of 22 Nov 2012, Article 2 (presidential declarations/laws/decrees made final and immune from any judicial appeal until a new constitution and parliament) and Article 6 (sweeping powers to \"protect the revolution\"). Decree text quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch (Arabic), cross-confirmed against Marefa's full reproduction.", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/11/26/248124", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الإعلانات الدستورية والقوانين والقرارات السابقة الصادرة عن رئيس الجمهورية منذ توليه السلطة في 30 يونيو 2012 وحتى نفاذ الدستور وانتخاب مجلس شعب جديد تكون نهائية ونافذة بذاتها غير قابلة للطعن عليها بأي طريق وأمام أية جهة كما لا يجوز التعرض لقراراته بوقف التنفيذ أو الإلغاء وتنقضي جميع الدعاوى المتعلقة بها والمنظورة أمام أية جهة قضائية\n\nلرئيس الجمهورية إذا قام خطر يهدد ثورة 25 يناير أو حياة الأمة أو الوحدة الوطنية أو سلامة الوطن أو يعوق مؤسسات الدولة عن أداء دورها أن يتخذ الإجراءات والتدابير الواجبة لمواجهة هذا الخطر على النحو الذي ينظمه القانون", "content_translated_en": "Behavioral conduct-axis record for Mohamed Morsi (and the Muslim Brotherhood / FJP in power): two key articles of the Constitutional Declaration he issued on 22 November 2012. The text is quoted verbatim by Human Rights Watch — which condemned the declaration for placing the president's decisions beyond judicial review and thereby \"undermining the rule of law in Egypt\" — and is cross-confirmed against the full decree text reproduced by the Marefa encyclopedia. (HRW report published 26 November 2012; the declaration triggered the mass protests that culminated in Morsi's removal.)\n\nTranslation:\nArticle 2 — \"The constitutional declarations, laws and decrees previously issued by the President of the Republic since he assumed power on 30 June 2012, and until the constitution comes into force and a new House of Representatives is elected, shall be final and self-executing, not subject to appeal by any means or before any body; nor may his decisions be made subject to suspension or cancellation; and all lawsuits relating to them that are pending before any judicial body shall be extinguished.\"\n\nArticle 6 — \"Should there arise a danger threatening the 25 January Revolution, the life of the nation, national unity, the safety of the homeland, or obstructing the state institutions from performing their role, the President of the Republic may take the necessary measures and procedures to confront that danger, in the manner regulated by law.\"\n\n[Axes: democracy (executive placed beyond judicial review), civil-liberties (HRW notes the immunised \"Protection of the Revolution\" law criminalised political expression and assembly), regime-stance.]", "published_date": "2012-11-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T21:48:14.853055+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "825feb3f-f4aa-426f-b5d9-d5f3e198c80d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000353", "country_id": "EG", "title": "Mohamed ElBaradei — Nobel Peace Prize Lecture, Oslo, 10 December 2005", "source_url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2005/elbaradei/lecture/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "A recent United Nations High-Level Panel identified five categories of threats that we face: 1. Poverty, Infectious Disease, and Environmental Degradation; 2. Armed Conflict – both within and among states; 3. Organized Crime; 4. Terrorism; and 5. Weapons of Mass Destruction. These are all ‘threats without borders’ – where traditional notions of national security have become obsolete. We cannot respond to these threats by building more walls, developing bigger weapons, or dispatching more troops.\n\n[… …] We may have torn down the walls between East and West, but we have yet to build the bridges between North and South – the rich and the poor. […] Of the 13 million deaths due to armed conflict in the last ten years, 9 million occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, where the poorest of the poor live.\n\n[… …] I have no doubt that, if we hope to escape self-destruction, then nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience, and no role in our security. To that end, we must ensure – absolutely – that no more countries acquire these deadly weapons. We must see to it that nuclear-weapon states take concrete steps towards nuclear disarmament. And we must put in place a security system that does not rely on nuclear deterrence.\n\n[… …] I am an Egyptian Muslim, educated in Cairo and New York, and now living in Vienna. […] There is no religion that was founded on intolerance – and no religion that does not value the sanctity of human life. […] Islam declares that killing one person unjustly is the same as killing all of humanity.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2005-12-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:18.726054+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "06b6540d-eb37-482b-bc5e-3c9101e86b05", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000100", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "JO", "title": "النظام الأساسي — المادة الثالثة: أهداف الحزب (Basic Statute of the Islamic Action Front, Art. 3 — now 'Hizb al-Umma')", "source_url": "https://alummahpartyjo.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9-2.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "المادة الثالثة: أهداف الحزب وغاياته:\nانطلاقا من التزام الحزب بأحكام الإسلام والدستور الأردني وقانون الاحزاب السياسية فإنه يسعى الى تحقيق الأهداف التالية:\nأ. الأهداف العامة:\n1. الحفاظ على الهوية الحضارية العربية الإسلامية للمجتمع الأردني، وتعزيز منظومة القيم الإسلامية.\n3. الإسهام في تهيئة المجتمع والأمة للتصدي للمشاريع الاستعمارية، وعلى رأسها المشروع الصهيوني، واعتبار قضية فلسطين مسؤولية عربية إسلامية مشتركة، ورفض الاعتراف بشرعية الاحتلال.\n4. ترسيخ الوحدة الوطنية، وحماية الوطن واستقراره، وتعزيز المنهج الشوري والممارسة الديمقراطية، وصيانة كرامة الإنسان وحقوقه وحرياته العامة.\nب. الأهداف الخاصة:\n1. تحقيق مبدأ الحرية المسؤولة للجميع، وترسيخ أركان الشورى، والممارسة الديمقراطية، وضمان التعددية السياسية، وحماية حقوق الإنسان.\n4. الإسهام في نهوض الاقتصاد الوطني على أساس إسلامي، وتحقيق التنمية الشاملة والمستدامة، والتصدي لجميع أشكال الفساد السياسي والاقتصادي والإداري والاجتماعي.\n… 9. الإسهام في تحقيق الحكم الرشيد، ودولة المواطنة والعدل والحرية والمساواة وتكافؤ الفرص، وصولًا إلى أردن حديث ومتطور، يكون الشعب فيه مصدر السلطات، في إطار دولة القانون والمؤسسات، وبمرجعية إسلامية.\n11. نشر ثقافة الاعتدال والفهم الوسطي، ومواجهة التشدد والتطرف والغلو الفكري والسياسي والمجتمعي.\n… 15. احترام الحرية الدينية للشرائع السماوية، وتعزيز التعاون والانسجام المجتمعي، وحماية القيم الدينية والأخلاقية.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2026-04-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:25.561495+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "12bbe36c-3840-4cd7-bdb0-0b7b76b5de4e", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000042", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "הדמוקרטים — תוכנית הנקודות לסדר היום הרעיוני (The Democrats — Points Program / statement of core principles, April 2026)", "source_url": "https://democrats.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/vision0426.pdf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "בימים אלה של סערה, אובדן האמון במערכות השלטוניות וחוסר ודאות כללי, כאשר החברה הישראלית חווה פילוג, שחיתות שלטונית חסרת תקדים והיעדר חזון לאומי – אנחנו, הדמוקרטים, מציבים מצפן ברור: ביטחון, שוויון, צדק ושותפות אזרחית. … מסמך זה מתאר את עקרונות הליבה ותפיסת העולם של הדמוקרטים …\nחמש אבני יסוד לתפיסת הביטחון והמדיניות של ישראל: … יוזמה מדינית לפתרון הסכסוך הפלסטיני – לא לסיפוח, כן להיפרדות אחראית. ישראל חייבת להוביל מהלך מדיני עצמאי להיפרדות מהפלסטינים … הגדרת גבולות קבע ברורים תוך שמירה על רוב יהודי מוצק. פירוז מלא של המדינה הפלסטינית העתידית – ללא צבא או איום טרור. … הרחבת הסכמי אברהם … ומאמץ ליצירת גשר להסכם אפשרי עם סעודיה …\nננסח חוקה חברתית שתגדיר את הבסיס הערכי והמשפטי לקיומה של מדינת ישראל כיהודית ודמוקרטית. החוקה החברתית תכלול: זכויות אזרח אוניברסליות שוויון מלא לכל אזרח באשר הוא – יהודי, ערבי, דתי, חילוני, אישה או גבר. חופש ביטוי, דת והתאגדות. הגדרה מחדש של היחסים בין מדינה ודת, תוך שמירה על חופש דת לצד חופש מדת. החלפת חוק הלאום בחוק יסוד לפי רוח מגילת העצמאות …\nחמש אבני יסוד למדיניות כלכלית דמוקרטית: הורדת יוקר המחיה – שבירת הריכוזיות והגברת התחרות. ישראל היא המדינה היקרה ביותר ב-OECD. … הדמוקרטים מחויבים לבנות כלכלה איתנה, חכמה והוגנת, שתייצר שגשוג וצמיחה ארוכי טווח, ובו בזמן תחלק את משאביה בצדק. …\nדת ומדינה … הדמוקרטים יפעלו להקמת מערך נישואין אזרחיים מקביל לרבנות, שיכלול רישום נישואין עבור זוגות יהודים, זוגות מעורבים, זוגות להט\"בים ואנשים שאינם מזוהים דתית. … המדינה תכיר בגיורים שנעשו על ידי כל הזרמים היהודיים – אורתודוקסי, רפורמי וקונסרבטיבי …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2026-04-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:33.929305+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "71e3c2ba-d2fb-4f7a-af50-12cae7daa0e6", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000520", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "BH", "title": "Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society — written evidence to the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (Bahrain inquiry), February 2013", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20141203142633id_/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmfaff/88/88we11.htm", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Al Wefaq National Islamic Society is Bahrain's largest opposition party. Al Wefaq is characterized as the moderate opposition force, looking to reform the current system to create a genuine constitutional monarchy and a democratic civil state.\n\nThey call for the establishment of moderate democratic principles such as the separation of powers, free and fair elections, an elected Government and respect for human rights and the rule of law. This is in addition to an opposition to discrimination, corruption and tyranny, all of which damage Bahrain and its people.\n\nAl Wefaq participated in parliamentary elections in both 2006 and 2010, but withdrew their MP's after the crackdown against peaceful demonstrators in February 2011.\n\nCalls for democratic reform have existed in Bahrain since at least the 1920's and have remained constant since. Despite some promises of democratic changes, notably in the 70's and early 00's, Bahrain remains an absolute monarchy, ruled by one family.\n\nIn line with other movements in the Arab Spring, Bahrainis took to the streets on 14 February 2011 to demand democracy and respect for human rights. These calls were met with a wave of violent repression that is continuing until this day, almost two years later.\n\nAl Wefaq remains committed to engaging in a political dialogue with the authorities in order to return to stability and end the current crisis. [… …] A fair and democratic constitutional monarchy, with respect for human rights, will be the only outcome to create long-term stability in Bahrain, which benefits all Bahrainis as well as its allies. We call upon the UK Government to seek this outcome through a renewed push for reform.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2013-02-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:39.999357+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7622403c-2f68-45d7-89ba-c90f4370d377", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000121", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "MA", "title": "قصتنا (Our Story) — RNI / التجمع الوطني للأحرار official party identity & principles page", "source_url": "https://www.rni.ma/ar/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "يعود تاريخ حزبنا لأزيد من أربعة عقود من الزمن، ففي أكتوبر من سنة 1978 تم تأسيسه من طرف المناضل التاريخي أحمد عصمان، إلى جانب تلة من المناضلين المستقلين، ومنذ ذلك الحين ولحزبنا دور هام في الحياة السياسية المغربية.\n\nيرتكز التجمع الوطني للأحرار على \"الديمقراطية الاجتماعية\" كمرجعية سياسية. هذه المرجعية مبنية على العدالة الإجتماعية والتمكين للمواطن. وينشد حزبنا المساواة كونها الضامن الوحيد للمغاربة من مختلف الفئات للاستفادة من الفرص بشكل متساوي، كما تضمن التساوي في الحقوق والواجبات واغتنام الفرص للتعلم وضمان الشغل والعلاج.\n\nهذا ويؤمن حزب التجمع الوطني للأحرار، منذ تأسيسه، بضرورة بناء مجتمع قائم على التماسك الإجتماعي تقوم فيه الدولة بدور التمكين للمواطنين من خلال المؤسسات ومن خلال ضمان الحماية الإجتماعية لجميع المواطنين سواء أكانوا فاعلين أو عاجزين عن تحمل مسؤولياتهم. …\n\nوأعلن الرئيس عزيز أخنوش في محطة أكادير من سلسلة الجولات الجهوية أن النقاش الموسع الذي أطلقه الحزب، أسفر عن تقديم عرض سياسي يقوم على \"مسار الثقة\"، الذي توج بالمصادقة عليه من طرف المجلس الوطني، مؤكدا أن \"مسار الثقة\" يقوم على ثلاثة أولويات يتعلق الأمر بالصحة والتشغيل والتعليم، وقد شارك من خلاله الحزب في النقاش حول التصور الجديد للنموذج التنموي الجديد الذي طالب به صاحب الجلالة الملك محمد السادس.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:54.393753+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "aad19a3f-4a9b-45e3-a30a-d20cc9bb5753", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000332", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SD", "title": "ميثاق الحزب الاتحادي الديمقراطي — الأهداف (Charter of the Democratic Unionist Party — Objectives)", "source_url": "https://sudaneseonline.com/board/13/msg/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A-..--1189270259.html", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الأهداف :-\n1. دعم وتعزيز وحدة السودان وجعل خيار الوحدة الطوعية هو الخيار الجاذب لكل أبناء الشعب السوداني .\nالاعتراف بالتعدد والتنوع الديني والاثنى واللغوي والثقافي والتاريخي في السودان واعتباره مصدر إثراء للحضارة السودانية لا ذريعة للاحتراب والتمزق والانغلاق .\n2. مقاومة كل الأنظمة الشمولية عسكرية كانت أم مدنية بكافة الوسائل المتاحة وتوطين ثقافة الديمقراطية على المستوى السياسي والاجتماعي والثقافي .\n3. العمل على بناء دولة مدنية محايدة تجاه الأديان والمعتقدات وترك كل ما يتعلق بالأديان والعقائد والدعوة إليها لمؤسسات المجتمع المدني وتكتفي الدولة بان تسن من التشريعات ما يحفظ هذه الحريات ويعزز التسامح الديني.\n4. أعطاء أولوية قصوى للمناطق الأقل نموا في مشاريع التنمية وتحقيق عدالة الثروة والسلطة وإعادة التوازن التنموي بين أقاليم السودان .\n5. التأكيد على استقلال القضاء والفصل بين السلطات التشريعية والتنفيذية واستقلال الجامعات وحرية الصحافة وحرية البحث العلمي .\n6. اعتماد الاشتراكية الديمقراطية كفلسفة اقتصادية اجتماعية لإحداث التغير المنشود .\n7. اعتماد كافة المواثيق والمعاهدات الدولية المتعلقة بحقوق الإنسان كجزء لا يتجزأ من أي مشروع دستور مستقبلي.\n8. تطبيق برنامج اقتصادي يكفل التوزيع العادل للثروة وعائدات الإنتاج مع وجود دور فعال للدولة في النشاط الاقتصادي جنبا إلى جنب مع القطاع الخاص .\n9. اعتماد نظام حكم فيدرالي يكفل توزيع السلطة بعدالة وكفاءة.\n10. مراجعة كل الإجراءات والسياسات الاقتصادية التي قامت بها حكومة الجبهة الإسلامية القومية.\n11. العمل على تامين مجانية التعليم والصحة ودعم السلع الأساسية.\n12. أدارة حوار حر ومفتوح مع كافة القوى السياسية والاجتماعية باتجاه بناء مشروع نهضوى تنويري .\n…\n24. اتباع سياسات عربية وأفريقية وإسلامية وعالمية تعبر عن هموم الشارع السوداني بكل ألوانه وتدعم الحركات التحررية في العالم .\n26. التأكيد على قومية القوات المسلحة والقوات النظامية الأخرى.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2005-09-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:19.870074+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e60b2609-f99f-4962-9c15-ca92d4d54b56", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000313", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "La Charte du Parti des Travailleurs (Algérie) — founding charter, 1990", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20160710141604id_/http://pt.dz/?La-Charte", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "Le Parti des Travailleurs a été fondé en 1990 par des travailleurs, syndicalistes, petits paysans, jeunes à l'initiative de l'Organisation Socialiste des Travailleurs, sur une ligne de classe partant de la contradiction majeure entre les intérêts des travailleurs et couches populaires exploités et opprimés et ceux des possédants, exploiteurs et oppresseurs. …\n\nPartie intégrante du mouvement ouvrier international, le Parti des Travailleurs se réclame du socialisme, c'est à dire de la propriété collective des grands moyens de production et des richesses nationales, impliquant la démocratie véritable pour que le peuple exerce sa souveraineté.\n\nDans ce cadre, le PT milite pour l'annulation de la dette extérieure, la défense des nationalisations des terres, des richesses naturelles du sol et du sous sol, des entreprises et des infrastructures … Il lutte pour la préservation des entreprises publiques et des acquis sociaux de l'indépendance nationale contre leur privatisation, pour la renationalisation des services publics et des entreprises privatisés … pour le droit à l'instruction publique gratuite et obligatoire jusqu'à l'âge de 16 ans, contre l'enseignement privé …\n\nLe Parti des Travailleurs lutte pour la démocratie qui implique l'élection d'une Assemblée Constituante au suffrage universel direct et secret à la proportionnelle intégrale, dont les membres sont contrôlables et révocables. … une telle assemblée dotée de tous les pouvoirs est seule habilitée à rédiger une constitution …\n\nEt pour : l'égalité en droits entre les femmes et les hommes ce qui implique l'abrogation du code de la famille et la promulgation des lois civiles, égalitaires consacrant la citoyenneté à part entière pour les femmes, la reconnaissance de Tamazight comme langue officielle, , et pour que son statut de langue nationale devienne effectif …\n\nSur le plan international : Le Parti des Travailleurs est internationaliste. … Le Parti des Travailleurs se prononce pour le droit du peuple palestinien à la nation, à la souveraineté, pour une république de Palestine laïque et démocratique, sur tous les territoires de Palestine, garantissant l'égalité entre tous les citoyens indépendamment de leur origine, ou leur religion et le retour de tous les réfugiés depuis 1948. … il se prononce pour le retrait immédiat et inconditionnel des forces d'occupation de l'IRAK …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1990-06-29", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:28.274954+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9cb8d78c-b115-4f14-8ab8-dd94bf762b1a", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000060", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Political Program of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), Central Committee, Fall 1975 (official English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/dflp/dflp-political-program.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The Palestinian revolution is in its present historical phase a national-democratic revolution. Its strategic task is to achieve a radical democratic solution to the national question of the Palestinian people. The Palestinian national question is essentially the problem of the national fragmentation, and of the uprooting from their homeland, to which the Palestinian people have been subjected — as a result of: (1) the Zionist settler-colonial invasion which led to the eviction and destitution of most Palestinians outside their homes, to their replacement by Jewish settlers, and to the establishment of the State of Israel as an exclusive Jewish state which defines itself as the country of world Jewry on the land of Palestine; and (2) Hashemite annexationist policy to which the rest of Palestine and the majority of the Palestinian people have been subjected.\n\n[… …] The balance of forces in the present phase of the struggle […] requires the formulation of a concrete transitional program […] The Transitional National Program for the revolution and the people, based on the right of our people to return, to self-determination, and to independence in a national state established on all Palestinian lands from which the Israeli occupation has been forced to withdraw, is the program that will allow for the maximum mobilization and national unity of our people, and will strengthen the common struggle with our natural allies, both on the Arab level and internationally.\n\n[… …] To achieve a radical agrarian reform; to free the peasantry from the despotism of big landlords, merchants, and usurers; to prohibit large landholdings; to distribute the land according to the principle \"the land to those who work it\"; and to direct the agricultural policy of the state for the benefit of small and poor peasants […] (c) To actualize democratic liberties; to prohibit any police meddling in the affairs of citizens; to guarantee the right to organize parties and associations, be they political or social; to guarantee the freedom of opinion and of the press and the right to public gathering and demonstrations; and to affirm rights and liberties in syndical action and organizing, including the right to strike for all workers and other sectors of the people. […] (g) To achieve women's liberation and their equality with men in all fields of political, economic, and social life.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1975-01-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:35.702198+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1dc4e09f-873e-4f73-97de-20275fc88163", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "375fbe06-7506-4a9e-9d70-13c73d12177f", "country_id": "MR", "title": "Biram Dah Abeid — 'La loi fondamentale sacralise un code négrier' (Le Point Afrique interview, 28 December 2017)", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250716052031/https://www.chezvlane.com/Mauritanie-Biram-Dah-Abeid-La-loi-fondamentale-sacralise-un-code-negrier_a5580.html", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "En 2017 et en 2018, qui commence, environ 20 % des Noirs mauritaniens sont possédés par des citoyens mauritaniens arabo-berbères, le plus légalement du monde. La version locale de la charia islamique légalise, légitime et sacralise cette pratique. Ce corpus est inscrit dans la Constitution et considéré comme la principale source du droit […]. La Constitution actuelle, adoptée en août dernier, dit, dans son préambule, que la principale source des lois est la charia islamique. […] La loi fondamentale sacralise ainsi un code négrier, dont les visées esclavagistes dénient, de facto, l'égalité entre les races noire et blanche et autorise des musulmans à réduire en esclavage d'autres musulmans. Cet enseignement […] codifie l'inégalité de naissance, autorise la vente d'êtres humains, leur châtiment corporel, le viol des femmes serviles et la castration des mâles noirs. […] Dans un élan d'insurrection morale, volontaire et symbolique, j'en ai incinéré quelques-uns, le 27 avril 2012. […] le ministère public réclame la peine de mort contre moi, au motif que j'aurais brûlé des « références sacrées ».\n\n[… …] Le président Abdel Aziz est dans le déni. […] En réalité, ce sont des militants anti-esclavagistes qui partent en prison. La persécution qui s'abat sur eux en dit long sur la persistance de la justice servile en Mauritanie. […] La Constitution a été tripatouillée… Sur le plan des libertés, il n'y a pas eu d'avancées. La réforme a été inutile. L'hymne national adopté est sectaire, inspiré par l'extrême droite arabo-berbère raciste et conservatrice. […] Les Noirs, y compris les Haratines, constituent, au minimum, 80 % de la population.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-12-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:41.972132+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "fr", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "452cabdd-574c-4f16-b6e5-096d1e9cee57", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000320", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "SY", "title": "Ahmad al-Sharaa's Address to the Syrian Nation, 30 Jan 2025 (HTS leader's first programmatic address; English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.meforum.org/mef-online/ahmad-al-sharaas-address-to-the-syrian-nation", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "I address you today not as a ruler but as a servant for our wounded homeland, striving with all power and will I have been given to realise Syria's unity and renaissance, as we should all understand that this is a transitional stage, and it is part of a political process that requires true participation by all Syrian men and women, inside and outside the country, so that we can build their future with freedom and dignity, without marginalisation or sidelining.\n\nWe will work to form a comprehensive transitional government, reflecting Syria's diversity in its men, women and youth, and working to build the new Syria's institutions so that we can reach a stage of free and impartial elections. On the basis of my being entrusted with my current duties and the decision to dissolve the People's Council, I will announce a preparatory committee to choose a mini legislative council that fills this gap in the transitional stage. We will announce in the coming days the preparatory committee for the national dialogue conference, which will be a direct platform for exchanges, discussions and hearing various points of view regarding our forthcoming political program. After completing these steps, we will announce the constitutional declaration to serve as the legal reference for the transitional stage.\n\nWe will focus in the coming period on outlining our priorities as follows:\n\n- Attaining civil peace, and pursuing the criminals who have been steeped in Syrian blood, and committed massacres and crimes against us, whether among those who have gone into hiding inside the country, or have fled outside it, via true transitional justice.\n\n- Realising the unity of Syrian lands: all of Syria, and imposing its sovereignty under one authority and on one land.\n\n- Building strong institutions for the state, based on competency and justice, not corruption, cronyism or bribes in them.\n\n- Anchoring the pillars of a strong economy, that restores to Syria its regional and international place, and provides true dignified job opportunities, so that the living situation can be improved, and the basic lost services can be restored.\n\nOh people of Free Syria, building the homeland is the responsibility of all of us, and this is a call to all Syrians to participate in building a new homeland, in which there is rule through justice and consultation.\n\nTogether, we will build the future Syria: the Syria that is the beacon of knowledge and progress, the refuge of security and stability, the Syria of comfort, progress and prosperity, the Syria that extends its hand with peace and respect…", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:57.844123+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "82a70ddf-a222-4a60-9156-bbd4141cf115", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000101", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "JO", "title": "الميثاق الوطني الأردني — الثوابت (Jordanian National Charter, 1991 — constitutional constants)", "source_url": "https://jordanlaws.org/2011/03/29/%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "… وان هذا التوافق الوطني يعتبر انجازا حضاريا متقدما، ومشروعا مستقبليا شاملا تتحدد ملامحه ومرتكزاته من خلال الاسس والحقائق والثوابت التالية:\nاولا : نظام الحكم في المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية نيابي ملكي وراثي ، والتزام الجميع بالشرعية واحترام الدستور نصا وروحا هو تمكين لوحدة الشعب والقيادة .\nثانيا : الشعب الاردني جزء من الامة العربية، والوحدة العربية هى الخيار الوحيد الذي يحقق الامن الوطني والقومي للشعب العربي في جميع اقطاره …\nرابعا : الاسلام دين الدولة والشريعة الاسلامية هى المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع فيها .\nسابعا : احترام العقل والايمان بالحوار والاعتراف بحق الاخرين في الاختلاف في الرأي ،والتسامح ورفض العنف السياسي والاجتماعي ،هى سمات اساسية للمجتمع الاردني ويبنى على ذلك انه لا اكراه في الدين ولا تعصب ولا طائفية ولا اقليمية .\nثامنا : الاردنيون رجالا ونساء امام القانون سواء لا تمييز بينهم في الحقوق والواجبات وان اختلفوا في العرق او اللغة او الدين …\nعاشرا : التعددية السياسية والحزبية والفكرية هى السبيل لتأصيل الديموقراطية وتحقيق مشاركة الشعب الاردني في ادارة شؤون الدولة وهى ضمان للوحدة الوطنية وبناء المجتمع المدني المتوازن .\n… رابع عشر : الاقتصاد الوطني المتحرر من التبعية دعامة حقيقية من دعائم استقلال الوطن وامنه وتقدمه ، وهو يتحقق بالاعتماد على الذات … ضمن اطار العدالة الاجتماعية .", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1991-06-09", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:26.97953+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "1a89c377-6abd-4386-ae84-714a78206bb4", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Imam Musa al-Sadr — Baalbek address founding Harakat al-Mahrumin (the parent movement of Amal), 17 March 1974 (Arabic original)", "source_url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20220517031225/https://www.moqawama.org/essaydetails.php?eid=4727&cid=243", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "ننتقل الى الرمل العالي وبرج البراجنة، الى ضواحي بيروت، ألا تستحي أيها المسؤول أن يكون على بُعد كيلومترات منك مثل هذه البيوت التي لا تُسكن؟ ويسألون لماذا ننفجر ولماذا نغضب؟ في شوارع بيروت 1200 طفل متشرد: 1100 منهم من الشيعة، هل يقبل الحسين؟ هل يقبل علي أن يكون أبناؤه مشردين؟.. إنّ الظلم تجاوز كل حد، وحادثة كربلاء ليست بعيدة عن أذهانكم.. أما الجنوب والدفاع عن الجنوب.. لا دفاع.. إسرائيل تجرّب أسلحتها في الجنوب، تعمل مناورات على قرانا بالذخيرة الحية، هذه أحسن أرض لها.. أيها المسؤولون: هؤلاء الأبطال مستعدون للدفاع عن جنوب لبنان، بعلبك-الهرمل مستعدة لفتح مخيمات تدريب لتدرب أبناء الجنوب وتعطيهم سلاحاً، وفرّوا خبزهم وخبز أولادهم لشراء السلاح من زمان، وهم مستعدون لتقديمه الى الجنوبيين ليدافعوا به عن الجنوب لأن الدولة لا تدافع.. أنا سأطلب منكم إنشاء مخيمات التدريب.. وأنا سأتدرب معكم..\n\nوتابع سماحته: لا تعتقدوا أنّ المعركة مع إسرائيل قاربت نهايتها وأنّ العالم العربي سينام مرتاحاً، إسرائيل لا تترك لهذه المنطقة قراراً.. نريد أن نربّي جيلاً يتمكن من حمل السلاح بيد والمنجل باليد الأخرى، ليستمر.. لذلك نحن بحاجة الى التدريب العسكري، وقد طالبنا الحكومة بذلك، وليس هناك من مجيب، نحن مضطرون الى تدريب أولادنا وتسليحهم لكي نحفظ كرامة بيوتنا وأعراضنا ونؤدي دورنا في صيانة الوطن، وهذا المهرجان هو كلمة الفصل في موقفنا..", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1974-03-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:34.798217+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "f1d13a34-07aa-4ffa-839f-64618a222a79", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000282", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Muqtada al-Sadr — statement announcing his 'final retirement' from politics (Twitter communiqué, 29 August 2022; Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2022/08/29/alsadr-retires-politics-iraq-iran", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "يظن الكثيرون بما فيهم السيد الحائري (دام ظله) أن هذه القيادة جاءت بفضلهم أو بأمرهم... كلا، إن ذلك بفضل ربي أولا ومن فيوضات السيد الوالد قُدس سره... الذي لم يتخل عن العراق وشعبه. وعلى الرغم من استقالته، فإن النجف الأشرف هي المقر الأكبر للمرجعية كما هو الحال دوما... وإنني لم أدع يوما العصمة أو الاجتهاد ولا حتى (القيادة) إنما أنا آمر بالمعروف وناه عن المنكر ولله عاقبة الأمور. وما أردتُ إلا أن أقوم الإعوجاج الذي كان السبب الأكبر فيه هو القوى السياسية الشيعية باعتبارها الأغلبية.\n\nوعلى الرغم من تصوري أن اعتزال المرجع لم يكن من محض إرادته... وما صدر من بيان عنه كان كذلك أيضا... إلا أنني كنت قد قررت عدم التدخل في الشؤون السياسية فإنني الآن أُعلن الاعتزال النهائي وغلق كافة المؤسسات إلا المرقد الشريف والمتحف الشريف وهيئة تراث آل الصدر الكرام... والكل في حل مني... وإن مت أو قُتلت فأسألكم الفاتحة والدعاء.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2022-08-29", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:40.940648+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a4914434-d890-413c-b036-486a121b278c", "source_type": "article", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "תוכנית ההכרעה: המפתח לשלום נמצא בימין (The Decisive Plan) — Bezalel Smotrich's programmatic essay (the Religious Zionist Party line)", "source_url": "https://hashiloach.org.il/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%94-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97-%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%90-%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "מודל \"שתי המדינות\" הביא את ישראל למבוי סתום: ייאוש מאפשרויות סיום הסכסוך ופנייה ל\"ניהול\" שלו כגזרת-גורל אכזרית ונצחית. האלטרנטיבה תלויה בנכונות של החברה הישראלית להגיע להכרעה במקום לנהל את הסכסוךהכרעה שעיקרה ההבנה שאין מקום בארץ ישראל לשתי תנועות לאומיות סותרות. את הזהות הלאומית אין לנו יומרה למחוק או לשנות; אבל את השאיפה לממש אותה בין הירדן לים אפשר וצריך לשנות. […]\n\nשלב ב: שתי החלופות והכרעה צבאית — על גבי ההכרעה ההתיישבותית של השלב הראשון […] ייפתחו בפני ערביי יהודה ושומרון שני המסלולים.\n\n1. שלום וזהות מקומית — מי שרוצה ומסוגל לוותר על מימוש שאיפותיו הלאומיות יוכל להישאר כאן ולחיות כפרט במדינה היהודית. […]\n\n2. הגירה — מי שאינו רוצה או אינו מסוגל לגנוז את שאיפותיו הלאומיות יקבל מאיתנו סיוע להגר לאחת ממדינות ערב. […]\n\nומי שיבחר בדרך הטרור — מחבלים כאלה יטופלו בנחישות על ידי כוחות הביטחון, בעוצמה גדולה מכפי שאנו עושים כיום.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-09-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:49.419508+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0224230d-e38b-4ecf-8872-d42e4bb823d0", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Kais Saied re-elected President of Tunisia in a low-turnout vote (6 Oct 2024)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Tunisian_presidential_election", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Incumbent Kais Saied won re-election in Tunisia's presidential election held on 6 October 2024 with about 90.7 percent of the vote. Official turnout was roughly 28.8 percent, the lowest of any national vote since the 2011 revolution. The contest was marked by the disqualification or imprisonment of several would-be challengers, including candidate Ayachi Zammel, who was sentenced during the campaign, and most major parties boycotted the vote.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-10-06", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:02.077675+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "fadf65c2-c5ef-41d7-ad21-8bce81ab4574", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000501", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "Yemeni Congregation for Reform (al-Islah) — Basic/Founding Statement (البيان الأساسي), 13 September 1990 (Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?sid=15", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الفصل الثالث : المنطلقات\nمادة (3): ينطلق ( الإصلاح ) في كافة أنشطته وأهدافه ووسائله من المبادئ التالية :\n1- الإسلام عقيدة وشريعة، عقيدة ينبثق منها تصور شامل للكون والإنسان والحياة، وشريعة تنظم الحياة بمختلف مجالاتها.\n2- كتاب الله تعالى وسنة رسوله أصل الشرعية و المشروعية، وكل ما يخالفهما باطل ومردود.\n3- الديمقراطية المنضبطة بأحكام الإسلام أسلوب لممارسة الحكم، ورفض للاستبداد بكل أشكاله وألوانه، وتعميق الشورى في الأمة.\n4- الحرية بمفهومها الإسلامي حق فطري كرم الله بها الإنسان.\n5- العدل غاية وفريضة، أوجب الله على المسلمين أن يقيموا حياتهم الخاصة والعامة عليها.\n6- اليمن أرضاً وشعباً وحدة لا تتجزأ، وهي عربية إسلامية لا تنفصل عن الأمة العربية والإسلامية بحال من الأحوال.\n7- الأمة العربية والإسلامية أمة واحدة، والسعي لتحقيق وحدتها واجب شرعي.\n\nالفصل الرابع : الأهداف — مادة (4): (أ) في المجال السياسي والدستوري :\nالعمل على أن يكون الحكم إسلامياً، يرعى مقاصد الدين، ويحقق حاجات الناس ومصالحهم، واعتبار الشريعة الإسلامية مصدر التشريعات جميعاً.\nتعميق الوحدة اليمنية وضمان استمرارها وحمايتها، والسعي لتحقيق الوحدة العربية والإسلامية الشاملة.\nتعميق مبدأ الشورى والممارسة الديمقراطية في المجتمع لضمان تداول السلطة سلمياً، وممارسة الحريات العامة والخاصة، وحرية الرأي والتعبير التي كفلتها الشريعة الإسلامية.\nترسيخ مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات وتحقيق العدل وإصلاح القضاء، وضمان سيادته واستقلاله ونزاهته.\n[… …] انتهاج سياسة خارجية مستقلة ومتوازنة تحقق عز البلاد وتقدمها؛ ومساندة الشعب الفلسطيني وسائر الشعوب الإسلامية في جهادها العادل.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1990-09-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:42.387069+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0336925a-9db7-4179-98cc-1fdc10294b1e", "source_type": "bill", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Basic Law: Israel — the Nation State of the Jewish People (Knesset, 19 July 2018)", "source_url": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawNationState.pdf", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "BASIC-LAW: ISRAEL - THE NATION STATE OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE\n\nBasic principles 1. (a) The Land of Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish People, in which the State of Israel was established. (b) The State of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish People in which it realizes its natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination. (c) The realization of the right to national self-determination in the State of Israel is exclusive to the Jewish People.\n\nThe capital of the State 3. The complete and united Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.\n\nLanguage 4. (a) Hebrew is the language of the State. (b) Arabic has a special status in the State. Regulation of the use of Arabic in state institutions or in contacts with them shall be prescribed by law. (c) Nothing in this article shall compromise the status given to the Arabic language in practice, before this basic-law came into force.\n\nIngathering of the exiles 5. The State shall be open to Jewish immigration, and the ingathering of the exiles.\n\nJewish settlement 7. The State views the development of Jewish settlement as a national value, and shall act to encourage and promote its establishment and consolidation.\n\nRigidity 11. This basic-law may not be changed save by means of a basic-law, adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2018-07-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:51.996499+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "6e305ec9-0b41-4e70-ad50-d2470a63c07c", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000304", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "PUK: 49 Years Struggle for Kurdistan — PUKMEDIA statement of principles & founding", "source_url": "https://www.pukmedia.com/EN/Details/76606", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) is a political party founded in the Kurdistan Region on June 1st, 1975. Its principles are democracy, human rights, and the right to self-determination. The PUK is a member of Socialist International.\n\nHow did the PUK come into existence?\n\nThe PUK was founded as a response to the end of the previous Kurdish revolution. The co-founders, Jalal Talabani (Mam Jalal), Nawshirwan Mustafa, Fouad Masoum, Kamal Fouad, Adil Murad, Omer Sheikhmus, and Abdul-Razaq Faili, met on May 22, 1975, at Talitla Restaurant in Damascus, Syria. They convened to discuss the establishment of a new political organisation. They subsequently announced the founding statement of the PUK on June 1st, 1975.\n\nOn December 17, 1975, the founding committee arranged an inclusive meeting at which the members outlined the fundamentals of the PUK's activities inside and outside of the country. […]\n\nThe PUK was formed in response to the collapse of the previous Kurdish revolt, known as the Aylul Revolution, after the former Iraqi government withdrew from the peace plan and autonomy agreement signed with the Kurdish people on March 11, 1970. … Furthermore, the establishment of the PUK was also in response to the Iraqi regime's practise of atrocities against the Kurdish people, which began with the forcible resettlement of the Kurdish people, including intellectuals and elites, to the middle and southern areas of Iraq. […]\n\n[…] The Marx-Lenin Association of Kurdistan … Between 1970 and 1975, the association witnessed great progress as many people joined, especially from the Kurdistan Students Union and the Kurdistan Youth Union. … Thus, the Marx-Lenin Association of Kurdistan became a catalyst for the establishment of the PUK. … The Socialist Movement was formed as a result of a series of meetings within the cadres of the Aylul Revolution who took refuge in Iran in 1975. … On November 6, 1976, Omer Dababa, as a representative of the Socialist Movement, went to Damascus to join the founding committee of the PUK.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-06-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:58.270804+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "66bffb55-f057-47c8-aa1d-2aa4bf568130", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000502", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "الرؤية الوطنية لبناء الدولة اليمنية الحديثة (National Vision for Building the Modern Yemeni State) — Ansar Allah / SPC governance programme", "source_url": "https://althawrah.ye/archives/574037", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "بعد مرور عامٍ من إطلاق الرئيس الشهيد صالح الصماد لمشروع بناء الدولة \"يدٌ تحمي ويدٌ تبني\" يقر المجلس السياسي الأعلى الرؤية الوطنية لبناء الدولة اليمنية الحديثة، ويصدر بها قرار رئيس المجلس السياسي الأعلى رقم \"82\" لسنة 2019م …\n\nإن محور هذه الرؤية وغايتها هو المواطن اليمني فهو أسمى وأعظم ثروة … مدعومة بدولة قادرة تعتمد على عمق التاريخ والهوية اليمنية ومكامن قوة اليمن وموقعها الجغرافي والسياسي الاستراتيجي. …\n\nوتنص الرؤية على دولة يمنية حديثة، ديمقراطية مستقرة وموحدة ذات مؤسسات قوية تقوم على تحقيق العدالة والتنمية والعيش الكريم للمواطنين وتحمي الوطن واستقلاله وتنشد السلام والتعاون المتكافئ مع دول العالم. …\n\nختامًا … وعاء لتوحيد كل الجهود الرسمية والمجتمعية في ورشة عمل كبرى لتحقيق التغيير والاستقلالية من أي تبعية اقتصادية أو سياسية وتحقق الحياة الكريمة للمواطنين والاكتفاء الذاتي في مجال الغذاء بصورة متدرجة. …\n\nواعتمدت الرؤية الوطنية لبناء الدولة الحديثة على سبعة مبادئ هامة هي:\n1. مبادئ الإسلام وتعاليم الشريعة الإسلامية منطلقات الرؤية الوطنية لبناء الدولة اليمنية الحديثة.\n2. الهوية الإيمانية بقيمها الأخلاقية والإنسانية للشعب اليمني الأساس الذي يقوم عليه بناء الدولة اليمنية الحديثة.\n3. النظام الجمهوري والالتزام بالدستور والقوانين نهج الدولة اليمنية الحديثة.\n4. تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية والمواطنة المتساوية، واحترام الحقوق والحريات من الثوابت الدينية والقيم الوطنية.\n5. المحافظة على الأسرة اليمنية وتعزيز مكانتها في المجتمع.\n6. التداول السلمي لسلطات الدولة بالانتخابات الحرة والنزيهة التجسيد العملي للنهج الديمقراطي.\n7. الوحدة اليمنية أرضاً وإنساناً مبدأ أساسي للشعب اليمني.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2019-03-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:47.932731+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "96d3987e-13f2-4e85-9b41-dbe1c6c4fa73", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000521", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "BH", "title": "جمعية الأصالة الإسلامية — \"عن الجمعية\" + مطلب إنشاء اللجنة العليا لتطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية (Al-Asalah Islamic Society self-definition + flagship sharia plank)", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190723005150/http://www.alasalah-bh.org/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "عن الجمعية\nالأصالة الإسلامية جمعية سياسية تأسست بمملكة البحرين في 06/05/2002 . ثم وفقت أوضاعها بموجب قانون رقم (26) بشأن الجمعيات السياسية في عام 2005م. وتمثل الأصالة شريحة كبيرة من البحرينيين المؤمنين بأن إصلاح المجتمع والدولة يتم بالرجوع لكتاب الله عز وجل وسنة النبي . وهي تعمل من أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف فضلاً عن النهوض بالمواطنين على كافة المستويات وتحسين وضعهم المعيشي. وتقوم الأصالة بإيصال آراء ورغبات المواطنين لصنّاع القرار . وتعمل على المساهمة في اتخاذ القرار السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي على مستوى المملكة من أجل تحقيق مصلحة المواطنين.\n…\nإنشاء اللجنة العليا لتطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية\nوهو اقتراح ينص علي إنشاء \"اللجنة العليا لتطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية\"، وتلحق بالديوان الملكي ، وتتولى \" وضع خطة لتهيئة الظروف لتطبيق أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية بالبحرين . ولقد تقدمت به كتلة الأصالة النيابية في الفصل التشريعي الأول (2002-2006) . ورغم موافقة مجلس النواب إلا أن الحكومة رفضت . ولكن الأصالة أعادت تقديمه مرة أخرى في الفصل التشريعي الحالي.\n…\n[…] حظر الخمور وتشجيع السياحة العائلية النظيفة … إنشاء هيئة بيت الزكاة … الأصالة تُقدم مرئياتها بشأن الموازنة، وتطالب بوقف الضرائب عن الفقراء وأخذها من الأثرياء", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2008-11-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:56.941673+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "2be59240-e083-44f0-8640-73957d76461d", "source_type": "article", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000100", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "JO", "title": "Islamic Action Front becomes the largest bloc in Jordan's parliamentary election (10 Sep 2024)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Jordanian_general_election", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In Jordan's general election held on 10 September 2024, the Islamic Action Front, the political arm of the Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood, won 31 of the 138 seats in the House of Representatives, more than any other party. It was the party's strongest result since 1989, with observers linking the gains to its stance on the war in Gaza. Turnout was about 32 percent, and the IAF remained well short of a parliamentary majority.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:04.272398+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "0c16a19c-8b6b-467f-830a-8543c5104994", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000501", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "YE", "title": "البيان الأساسي لحزب التجمع اليمني للإصلاح (Basic Statement / founding charter of the Yemeni Congregation for Reform, al-Islah)", "source_url": "https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?sid=15", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الفصل الثالث : المنطلقات\n\nمادة (3): ينطلق ( الإصلاح ) في كافة أنشطته وأهدافه ووسائله من المبادئ التالية :\n\n1- الإسلام عقيدة وشريعة، عقيدة ينبثق منها تصور شامل للكون والإنسان والحياة، وشريعة تنظم الحياة بمختلف مجالاتها.\n\n2- كتاب الله تعالى وسنة رسوله ـ صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم ـ أصل الشرعية و المشروعية، وكل ما يخالفهما باطل ومردود.\n\n3- الديمقراطية المنضبطة بأحكام الإسلام أسلوب لممارسة الحكم، ورفض للاستبداد بكل أشكاله وألوانه، وتعميق الشورى في الأمة واعتمادها مبدأ ملزماً فـي أمور (الإصلاح) كافة.\n\n4- الحرية بمفهومها الإسلامي حق فطري كرم الله بها الإنسان، ولا تستقيم الحياة الإنسانية إلاّ بها. …\n\n6- اليمن أرضاً وشعباً وحدة لا تتجزأ، وهي عربية إسلامية لا تنفصل عن الأمة العربية والإسلامية بحال من الأحوال.\n\n7- الأمة العربية والإسلامية أمة واحدة، والسعي لتحقيق وحدتها واجب شرعي. …\n\nالفصل الرابع : الأهداف … (أ) في المجال السياسي والدستوري :\n\nالعمل على أن يكون الحكم إسلامياً، يرعى مقاصد الدين، ويحقق حاجات الناس ومصالحهم، واعتبار الشريعة الإسلامية مصدر التشريعات جميعاً. … تعميق مبدأ الشورى والممارسة الديمقراطية في المجتمع لضمان تداول السلطة سلمياً، وممارسة الحريات العامة والخاصة، وحرية الرأي والتعبير التي كفلتها الشريعة الإسلامية، وضمان كرامة الإنسان اليمني … انتهاج سياسة خارجية مستقلة ومتوازنة … تمتين الروابط ، وتطوير التعاون مع دول الجوار في الجزيرة والخليج، والعمل على تجنيب المنطقة كل أسباب التوتر والهيمنة الدولية … مساندة الشعب الفلسطيني، وسائر الشعوب الإسلامية في جهادها العادل. …\n\n(ب) في المجال الاقتصادي : 1- بناء اقتصاد وطني متين يقوم على مبادئ الإسلام الاقتصادية ويحقق مقاصده العامة. … 3- استكمال مقومات اقتصاد وطني يرتكز على نشاط قطاع خاص يتميز بالكفاءة والمقدرة، ويكون مجال المشاركة فيه مفتوحاً وميسراً لجميع المواطنين. … 13- تحقيق الحكمة الإلهية من فريضة الزكاة …", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1990-09-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:55.249178+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "31d5aa2d-d336-421b-991c-a5fd7cf96527", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000230", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Joseph Aoun elected President of Lebanon, ending a two-year vacancy (9 Jan 2025)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 9 January 2025 Lebanon's parliament elected army commander Joseph Aoun as president, ending a roughly two-year vacancy in the post. He secured 99 of 128 votes as a consensus candidate backed by US, French, and Saudi diplomacy. In his inaugural address he pledged to assert the state's monopoly on arms and to pursue economic and judicial reform.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-09", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:02.540119+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a10e16ff-cacc-4ff1-b891-bedde7816696", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000102", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "JO", "title": "البرنامج السياسي للحزب الشيوعي الأردني (أقرّه المؤتمر الخامس، 2010) — Jordanian Communist Party political programme", "source_url": "http://www.jordanpolitics.org/ar/parties-documents-view/6/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A/9", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "الحزب الشيوعي الاردني هو حزب الطبقة العاملة والفلاحين وسائر الكادحين من صغار الكسبة والمثقفين الديمقراطيين والعاملين بسواعدهم وادمغتهم من الفئات التي تعاني من الاستغلال الطبقي. … يستند الحزب في نشاطه الى النظرية الماركسية اللينينية الخلاقة، ويستلهم في قضايا الفكر والتحليل السياسي منهجها العلمي المادي الجدلي…\n…\nولئن أخفقت البشرية حتى الآن في تصفية هذا النظام اللاإنساني واستبداله بنظام اشتراكي تتحكم فيه الإرادة الجمعية الحرة للبشرية، يستجيب لحاجات وطموحات الجماهير وتطلعاتها، فان ذلك لا يعني على الاطلاق ان الناس باتوا يقبلون النظام الرأسمالي…\n…\nلمواجهة مهام المرحلة ومتطلباتها فأنه لا بد من برنامج بديل للسياسات التي أوصلت البلاد الى الاوضاع الحالية… برنامج يستند الى رؤية حزبنا الطبقية والاجتماعية واهدافه في النضال من اجل العدالة الاجتماعية على طريق بناء الاشتراكية.\n…\n- إرساء دعائم الديمقراطية وإشاعتها في مختلف نواحي الحياة السياسية والإدارية والتشريعية، وضمان حرية التعبير والرأي وحرية التنظيم الحزبي والنقابي والاجتماعي واحترام مبدأ التعددية السياسية وإلغاء جميع القوانين والأنظمة المقيدة للحريات العامة وتأكيد مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات…\n…\n- إعادة النظر في السياسة الضريبية، واعتماد الضريبة المباشرة التصاعدية وإعطاء حوافز ضريبية لقطاعات الانتاج المادي بالدرجة الأولى… وإلغاء الضرائب غير المباشرة تحقيقا لمبدأ العدالة الضريبية.\n…\n- العناية بالثقافة الوطنية … والاعلاء من شأن التفكير العقلاني وشن كفاح لا هوادة فيه ضد الفكر الغيبي المناقض والمعادي للعلم والذي يعتمد التضليل ويسوق للخرافة…\n…\n- مقاومة كافة اشكال التطبيع مع اسرائيل ووقف مختلف العلاقات معها ومقاومة المشاريع الصهيونية المعادية للأردن…", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2010-07-16", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:55.727522+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d4a4cf02-06f9-4f0e-b0aa-acc06446ba8a", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000231", "country_id": "LB", "title": "Nawaf Salam named Prime Minister-designate of Lebanon (13 Jan 2025)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 13 January 2025, Nawaf Salam was nominated by 84 of Lebanon's 128 members of parliament, making him prime minister-designate days after Joseph Aoun's election as president. Salam was at the time president of the International Court of Justice, a post he resigned on 14 January 2025 to take up the role. He went on to form a government, which won confidence in February 2025.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-13", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:03.561003+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "276d4d41-2b6f-4659-bd99-277a39a55dbe", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000302", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Ammar al-Hakim's founding keynote launching Tayyar al-Hikma al-Watani (National Wisdom Movement), 24 Jul 2017 (Arabic original, via Rudaw)", "source_url": "http://www.rudaw.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/2407201718", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "اعلن رئيس المجلس الأعلى الإسلامي، عمار الحكيم، اليوم الإثنين، انسحابه من قيادة المجلس وتشكيل حزب جديد بإسم \"تيار الحكمة الوطني\"، مشيرا الى ان تياره الجديد يعتمد على الدماء الشابة.\n\nوقال الحكيم في كلمة متلفزة نقلتها شبكة رووداو الإعلامية، ان \"نشكر اخوتنا في المجلس الاعلى الاسلامي لتحملهم معنا في السراء واضراء ونعلن تشكيل تيار الحكمة الوطني\".\n\nمشيراً ان \"الوطن بحاجة لتيار سياسي يحتضن الكفاءات ولا سيما الشابة التي تجمع بين الاصالة والتجديد وينطلق في نظريته الاقتصادية من تحرير الاقتصاد من تحكم الدولة\". …\n\nمؤكداً، \"أنها ولادة جديدة ،يستحقها العراق وتستحقونها انتم الأوفياء كي تداووا جروح هذا الوطن ،وتنطلقوا بمشروعكم الوطني الجامع وان تكون ساحتُكم الكبرى العراق وحدودُكم في الانتماء والكسب لتياركم الوليد هي الوطنية الصافية والعشق العراقي الأصيل فمن ملوحة مياه الخليج حيث الفاو الصابر إلى قمم جبال كوردستان الشامخة ومن عمق الاهوار إلى نواعير حديثة ليكون مشروعكم جامعا شاملا محبا متسامحا، ولتكن الوطنية والإخلاص لهذا الوطن هي قياسكم ومقياسكم…\".\n\nمبيناً بأن \"عراق 2017 يختلف كثيرا عن 2003 وعلى القوى السياسية الفاعلة والمخلصة ان تعي هذا الاختلاف مثلما وعيناه نحن في تيار الحكمة الوطني \". وتابع ان \" نشكر الجارة ايران وقائدها السيد علي الخامنئي وشعبها الابي على مواقفها الكبيرة في دعم العراق وكذلك المرجع الاعلى السيد علي السيستاني والقوى السياسية الاخرى\".", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-07-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:48:57.401818+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c40eaaee-e53f-4659-a9f4-91daf59fd741", "source_type": "article", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Gaza ceasefire and hostage-prisoner exchange deal takes effect (19 Jan 2025)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "A ceasefire between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian factions in Gaza took effect on 19 January 2025, structured in three 42-day phases and mediated by the United States, Egypt, and Qatar. In the first phase Hamas was to release 33 Israeli hostages while Israel released roughly 1,900 Palestinian prisoners, allowed a surge of aid into Gaza, and began a phased withdrawal from parts of the territory. Israel's cabinet approved the agreement on 17 January 2025.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:05.001584+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3790b9ef-e8bb-402e-a0cf-9bd6c253f39d", "source_type": "article", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Israel–Hezbollah ceasefire takes effect, ending the 2024 war (27 Nov 2024)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "A US-brokered cessation of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah took effect at 04:00 local time on 27 November 2024, ending more than a year of cross-border fighting that had escalated into open war. The agreement set a 60-day initial period during which Israeli forces were to withdraw from southern Lebanon and Hezbollah was to pull its forces north of the Litani River. The Lebanese army and UN peacekeepers were to be the only armed forces deployed south of the Litani, overseen by a US-led monitoring panel.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-11-27", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:06.531903+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "d35046b3-a4ee-475a-9b5e-e82ae731d585", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000286", "country_id": "SY", "title": "Ahmad al-Sharaa named Syria's transitional president (29 Jan 2025)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 29 January 2025, Ahmad al-Sharaa was named president of Syria for the transitional period at a conference of the factions that had toppled Bashar al-Assad. He had become the country's de facto leader on 8 December 2024 after the fall of Damascus and was the founder and head of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, which spearheaded the offensive. The announcement stated he would govern during the transition and lead the building of new state institutions.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-01-29", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:06.982641+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "9a3f4ba1-bb3a-44f4-a49c-be4c5b1db6ce", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000417", "country_id": "SY", "title": "Fall of the Assad regime — opposition forces take Damascus; Bashar al-Assad flees to Russia (8 December 2024)", "source_url": "https://www.npr.org/2024/12/08/nx-s1-5221462/bashar-al-assad-flees-syria-for-russia", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "On 8 December 2024, opposition forces led by Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) captured Damascus, ending more than five decades of Assad-family rule in Syria. President Bashar al-Assad fled the country, and the Russian foreign ministry confirmed he had left after resigning; he was granted asylum in Russia. The offensive had begun on 27 November 2024, taking Aleppo, Hama and Homs in rapid succession before reaching the capital. HTS leader Ahmad al-Sharaa (formerly known as Abu Mohammad al-Jolani) emerged as Syria's de facto leader.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-12-08", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:07.406977+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c4b754e8-39aa-49c8-a58b-b6a2f658350b", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Samir Geagea (Lebanese Forces) to AFP: Hezbollah must disarm and hand its weapons to the Lebanese state (8 October 2025)", "source_url": "https://syriacpress.com/blog/2025/10/08/lebanese-forces-head-samir-geagea-urges-hezbollah-to-disarm-citing-hamass-gaza-experience-and-lebanons-sovereignty/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In an interview with Agence France-Presse on Tuesday, Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea said that the Iran-backed Hezbollah […] must learn from Hamas's experience in Gaza and hand over its weapons to the Lebanese state as soon as possible.\n\nGeagea stated that Hezbollah has run out of options, noting that the party \"can neither accept nor reject a decision taken by the state.\" He added, \"Party officials are currently grandstanding. Frankly, I don't quite understand what they're doing. Even more frankly, I didn't understand the so-called 'support war,' whose outcome was clear from the start. Most of all, I didn't understand the war of 7 October — what logic drove such steps?\"\n\nWhen asked whether he feared internal conflict if Hezbollah refused to disarm, Geagea dismissed the notion. \"It would be a mistake to talk about civil war,\" he explained. \"Civil war happens when factions within a country clash over an issue. But in this case, the state is the reference point. There's no internal conflict with the state. If anyone defies it, the state must act firmly to resolve the issue — or it ceases to be a state.\"\n\nGeagea said Hezbollah's current behavior places it outside the political process. \"By logic, and by all recent developments, it would be perfectly natural for the party to hand over its weapons to the Lebanese Army, the only legitimate authority over arms, and then engage fully in political life,\" he said.\n\n[… …] Geagea also stressed that the decision to disarm ultimately lies with Iran. \"Although we still consider Hezbollah a Lebanese faction that should make its own choices, in practice, Iran created it, arms it, funds it, and controls its logistics,\" he said. \"Therefore, the decision rests with Iran — but this must end.\"\n\nHe accused Hezbollah of wasting 35 years of the Lebanese people's lives […]. \"The Lebanese are now seeing gradual economic improvement for one simple reason: the party and its corrupt allies have lost their grip on state institutions,\" he said.\n\nCommenting on regional tensions, Geagea said that while an Israeli offensive cannot be ruled out, such threats do not justify Hezbollah's possession of unauthorized weapons. \"A true state can only exist when all arms are under its control — regardless of whether Israel decides to escalate or not,\" he said. [… …] \"Disarmament is essential,\" he said. \"Without it, the state will cease to exist, and Lebanon risks losing its Arab, European, and American allies.\"", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2025-10-08", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:08.418094+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "cba43533-3b00-4aae-8efc-d93709eee615", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "country_id": "TN", "title": "Kais Saied — 25 July 2021 address invoking Article 80 to freeze parliament and dismiss the PM (Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2384879", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "«شاء الله وشاءت الأقدار وشاء التاريخ في هذا اليوم الذي نحتفل فيه بذكرى إعلان الجمهورية، أن نتخذ جملة من التدابير الاستثنائية التي يقتضيها الوضع في تونس، تلاحظون دون شك أن عديد المناطق العمومية تتهاوى، وهناك عمليات حرق ونهب، وهناك من يستعد الآن لدفع الأموال في بعض الأحياء للاقتتال الداخلي. [… …] بعد أن تم التشاور عملا بأحكام الفصل الـ 80 من الدستور، مع رئيس الحكومة ومع رئيس المجلس النيابي، اتخذت جملة من القرارات التي سيتم تطبيقها فورًا: القرار الأول […] يتمثل في تجميد كل اختصاصات المجلس النيابي، فالدستور لا يسمح بحله، ولكن لا يقف مانعا أمام تجميد كل أعماله. القرار الثاني: رفع الحصانة عن كل أعضاء المجلس النيابي […]. القرار الثالث: يتمثل في تولي رئيس الدولة السلطة التنفيذية بمساعدة حكومة يرأسها رئيس حكومة يعينه رئيس الجمهورية. [… …] إذن ليس تعليقا للدستور، وليس خروجا على الشرعية الدستورية، نحن نعمل في إطار القانون، ولكن إذا تحول القانون إلى أداة لتمكين اللصوص الذين نهبوا أموال الدولة وأموال الشعب المفقر، فهي ليست بالقوانين التي تعبر عن إرادة الشعب. [… …] وأنبه الكثيرين الذين يحاولون التسلل أو اللجوء إلى السلاح، فلن نسكت أبدا عن أي شخص يتطاول على الدولة، ومن يطلق رصاصة واحدة ستجابهه قواتنا المسلحة العسكرية والأمنية بوابل من الرصاص. [… …] إما أنك مع الشعب، وإما إنك في الصف المقابل ضده.»", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2021-07-25", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:08.887176+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "c0da3f58-d93e-4960-a6a8-b66b02a72127", "source_type": "article", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Bezalel Smotrich — 'Israel's Decisive Plan' (Hashiloach, 2017; English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://hashiloach.org.il/israels-decisive-plan/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "The \"two-state\" model has led Israel to a dead end. It has brought a sense of despair of ending the conflict, and a turn to \"managing\" it as a cruel and eternal decree of fate. The alternative to this is a new readiness of Israeli society to win the conflict, rather than merely managing it—a victory founded on the understanding that there is no room in the Land of Israel for two conflicting national movements.\n\n[… …] Faith in the God of Israel, in the justice of our cause, and in our exclusive belonging to the Land of Israel; faith in our strength to stand firm against arguments that might undermine our belief; and faith in our ability to deploy the heroism required to win this momentous struggle.\n\nEnding the conflict means creating and cementing the awareness—practically and politically—that there is room for only one expression of national self-determination west of the Jordan River: that of the Jewish nation. Subsequently, an Arab State actualizing Arab national aspirations cannot emerge within the same territory. Victory involves shelving this dream. And as motivation for its fulfillment dwindles, so will the terror campaign against Israel.\n\nThis goal will be achieved even with declarations—with an unequivocal Israeli statement to the Arabs and the entire world that a Palestinian State will not emerge—but primarily with deeds. It requires the application of full Israeli sovereignty to the heartland regions of Judea and Samaria, and end of conflict by settlement in the form of establishing new cities and settlements deep inside the territory and bringing hundreds of thousands of additional settlers to live therein. [… …]\n\nBased on this unequivocal starting point, the Arabs of the Land of Israel will face two basic alternatives: Those who wish to forgo their national aspirations can stay here and live as individuals in the Jewish State; they will of course enjoy all the benefits that the Jewish State has brought and is bringing to the Land of Israel. [… …] Those who choose not to let go of their national ambitions will receive aid to emigrate to one of the many countries where Arabs realize their national ambitions, or to any other destination in the world.\n\nIt is of course safe to assume that not everyone will adopt one of these two choices. There will be those who will continue to choose another \"option\"—continuing to fight the IDF, the State of Israel, and the Jewish population. Such terrorists will be dealt with by the security forces with a strong hand and under more manageable conditions for doing so. [… …]\n\nAnd no, this graduated arrangement does not make the State of Israel into an \"apartheid state.\" A regime of freedom does not begin and end with the right to vote and be elected to office. [… …] Lacking the full right to vote for national parliament does not mean apartheid rule; at most, it is a missing component in the basket of freedoms, or if we wish, a deficit in the democracy.\n\nA la guerre comme a la guerre, we can and must win. Those who think they will stay here and constantly, violently undermine the State of Israel's right to exist as the state of the Jewish people, will find an IDF determined to defeat them with the help of God. [… …] killing those who need to be killed, confiscating weapons to the last bullet, and restoring security to Israel's citizens.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-09-07", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:10.096802+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "he", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "7aa8657a-3e53-4931-821f-f499f7127bb1", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000100", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "JO", "title": "Islamic Action Front — statement endorsing the 18 October 2024 Dead Sea cross-border attack on Israeli forces (DAWN English translation of the Arabic communiqué)", "source_url": "https://dawnmena.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Islamic-Action-Front-Statement.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "The Islamic Action Front Party blesses the heroic operation carried out by two young members of the Islamic movement, the heroic martyr Amer Qawas and the heroic martyr Hossam Abu Ghazaleh, this morning in the Dead Sea area on the Jordanian-Palestinian border, which resulted in the injury of several soldiers of the criminal occupation. This action is a response to the massacres committed by the occupation against the Palestinian people in Gaza and the West Bank, and the aggression against holy sites.\n\nThe party sees this operation as a true expression, through bullets and blood, of the stance of the free Jordanian youth and the heartbeat of the Jordanian street, which supports the steadfastness of the Palestinian people and their resistance against the occupation. It represents a natural response to the genocidal massacres being committed against our brothers in blood and destiny for more than a year, amidst blatant international complicity and disgraceful Arab silence. This operation continues the path of sacrifice and martyrdom paved by the Jordanian martyrs who preceded them on the soil of Palestine as partners in the struggle for liberation.\n\nThe Islamic Action Front Party expresses its pride and honor in this heroic operation, in which two young Jordanians, with their pure blood, wrote scenes of heroism and sacrifice, avenging the innocent blood spilled on the land of Palestine and Lebanon. The party calls on the government to reconsider all agreements signed with the Zionist enemy, to stop the land passage to the Zionist entity, and to work on preparing the necessary arrangements to confront Zionist threats. This includes strengthening the internal front and reactivating the Popular Army to prepare Jordanian youth to be a support for the valiant Jordanian army in the face of the increasing threats posed by the Zionist enemy to Jordan's sovereignty and national security.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-10-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:10.982564+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "eb93fc50-c612-4ccb-a957-77ce45fbdeee", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "PFLP — Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP Second Congress, February 1969; official English edition of the Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://pflp-documents.org/strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine-english-1969/", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "This then is the enemy camp which we are really facing in our battle for the liberation of Palestine. We cannot win this battle without a clear sight of all parties in this camp. In the light of the definition of these parties and our perception of the connections which bind them together, it becomes clear that our strongest enemy, the real and main enemy, is world imperialism, that Arab reaction is but one of its offshoots, and that Israel's power lies in its being one of the bases of world imperialism which is providing it with all sources of power and converting it into a big military force possessing the technological superiority and the economy which enable it to survive in spite of the conditions under which it lives.\n\nThus the struggle for the liberation of Palestine, like any other liberation struggle in the world, becomes a struggle against world imperialism which is intent on plundering the wealth of the underdeveloped world and on keeping it a market for its goods. Naturally Israel — and the Zionist movement as well — have their own characteristics, but these characteristics must be viewed in the light of Israel's organic link with imperialism.\n\nIn the light of all this the main features of the enemy facing us become clear:\n\n1. Our enemy in the battle is Israel, Zionism, world imperialism and Arab reaction.\n\n[… …]\n\n4. The nature of the battle in relation to this enemy's principal military base represented by Israel is a life-or-death struggle which the political and military leadership inside Israel will endeavour to put up until the last breath.\n\n[… …]\n\nWorkers and peasants are the mainstay of the revolution, its basic class material and its leadership.\n\nIn the light of scientific socialist thinking, the experiences of world revolutions and the facts in evidence on the Palestinian field, we must clearly define and identify the revolutionary classes that are capable of shouldering the entire burden.\n\nThe revolutionary classes on the Palestinian field are the workers and peasants because it is these classes which are daily suffering the oppressive exploitation process exercised by world imperialism and its allies in our homeland.\n\n[… …]\n\nWhen we have addressed ourselves to the workers and peasants — the inhabitants of camps, villages and poor urban districts — and armed them with political awareness, organisation and fighting means, we shall have created the firm material foundation for a historical liberation revolution. It is the rise of such a solid revolutionary backbone that will enable us to conclude class alliances to benefit the revolution without exposing it to vacillation, deviation or defeat.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1969-02-01", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:16.312617+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3877d8b3-64e2-4407-916c-10fc139cb034", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "country_id": "IQ", "title": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "original_language": "ar", "content_original": "بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم\n\nالسيد رئيس الجمعية العامة، السيد الأمين العام، السيدات والسادة الحضور\n\nالسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته\n\nتأتي الدورة التاسعة والسبعون لاجتماعات الجمعية العامةِ للأمم المتحدةِ في خضمّ ظروفٍ خطيرة تمرُّ على الشرقِ الأوسط، يواجهُ فيها النظامُ الدوليُ العالميُ امتحاناً صعباً يهددُ وجودَه، ويجعلُهُ عاجزاً عن تحقيقِ الأهدافِ التي تأسّسَ من أجلها، ومنها الحفاظُ على الأمنِ والاستقرارِ الدوليينِ وحقوقِ الانسان.\n\n[… …]\n\nإن إيقافَ ما يحدُث في فلسطينَ والمنطقةِ من انتهاكاتٍ هو مسؤوليةُ الجميع، وبالدرجةِ الأساسِ مجلسُ الأمنِ الذي فِشلَ في تحقيقِ أهمِّ أهدافه، وهي الحفاظُ على الأمنِ والسلمِ الدوليين.\n\nوفي فلسطينَ المحتلة، اليومَ نحنُ إزاء شعبٍ يتعرّضُ إلى اعتداءٍ من قوّةٍ عسكريةٍ مُحتلة، تُهجّرُ الملايين بلا رادع، وتقتلُ الآلاف، ويجري الحديثُ علناً عن تجويعٍ جماعي لإبادةِ هذا الشعب، وعن استخدامِ أسلحةٍ نوويةٍ للقضاءِ عليه، من قبلِ مسؤولينَ كبارٍ في الكيانِ المُحتل دونَ أي إجراءاتٍ رادعة، ولم يلتزِم المجتمعُ الدوليُ او أيٍ من أعضائِه بمسؤوليةِ الحمايةِ الواجبةِ عليهم وفقَ القانونِ الدولي.\n\n[… …]\n\nإن هذه التحرّكاتِ الأخيرةَ للاحتلالِ تبتغي تهديدَ استقرار بلدانِ المنطقةِ عبر إشعالِ حربٍ إقليميةٍ واسعةِ النطاق، وإنّ العراقَ، بصفتِه عضواً مؤسّساً للأممِ المتحدة، يأملُ بأنْ تحقّقَ هذه المؤسّسةُ الأهدافَ التي تأسست من أجلها في حفظِ السلمِ والأمن.\n\n[… …]\n\nأصحابَ السيادة — أمّا في العراق، وعلى النقيضِ مما تقدّم، فهناك تطوراتٌ طيبة، فالبلدُ الذي احتلَّ داعشُ ثلثَ أراضيه، وكانَ الكثيرُ منالمراقبين يرى بأنها كانت نهايةَ العراقِ الذي نعرفه، اليومَ وبعدَ عشرةِ أعوام، يشهدُ تنفيذَ خطّةٍ شاملةٍ للإعمارِ والتنمية، وإعادةِ الحياةِ إلى المُدن، وترتفعُ المباني العاليةُ والبُنى التحتية، ويعمُّ الأمان.\n\n[… …]\n\nإن العراقَ يسعى إلى تحقيقِ الأمن والاستقرارِ الإقليمي، عن طريقِ إيجادِ سبلٍ للشراكاتِ البناءةِ لمواجهةِ التحدياتِ المشتركةِ من خلال التعاون بين الأطرافِ المشاركةِ وزيادةِ الاعتماديةِ التبادلية بطريقةٍ تصبُّ في مصلحةِ الجميع، ونخطّطُ لطرحِ مبادراتٍ تعكسُ التكاملَ الاقتصاديَّ والاستقرارَ الإقليميَّ في المنطقة، وعلى رأسِها مشروع 'طريق التنمية'، الذي يهدفُ إلى تحويلِ العراقِ إلى مرتكزٍ إقليمي رئيسي للتجارةِ والمواصلات، وربطِ الشرقِ الأوسطِ بأوروبا عبر العراق، باستخدامِ شبكةٍ من السككِ الحديديةِ والطرقِ السريعةِ والمدنِ الصناعية، وربطِ ميناءِ الفاوِ الكبيرِ في جنوبِ العراقِ بأوروبا عن طريقِ دولٍ في المنطقة.\n\n[… …]\n\nيجب أن أعربَ عن امتناني العميقِ للأممِ المتحدةِ على الدعمِ الذي قدمته للعراقِ خلالَ العقدينِ الماضيين، ونحن نتطلعُ إلى مرحلةٍ جديدةٍ من التعاونِ مع الأممِ المتحدةِ في العراقِ ستبدأ بنهايةِ عامِ 2025.\n\nإنّ اختيارَ العراقِ لرئاسةِ مجموعةِ الـ 77 والصينِ لعامِ 2025، يُعدُّ انتصاراً للدبلوماسيةِ العراقيةِ المنتجة.\n\n[… …]\n\nإن سياستَنا تضعُ العراقَ وشعبهُ وأمنهُ وسيادتهُ وازدهارهُ أولاً، ونمضي بكلّ ثقة، في محوِ آثار الماضي بما فيه من حروبٍ ودكتاتوريةٍ وإرهاب، مثلما نمضي في إعمارِ العراقِ ووضعِه في مكانتِه الإقليميةِ والدوليةِ التي يستحقُّها بجدارة.\n\nوالسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته،", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-24", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:23.424884+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "ar", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "3911fa6d-ffe1-4e13-9f54-a3c8216eaf1d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Netanyahu — 'children of light vs darkness' Oct-7 framing mosaic (Oct 2023 — Sep 2025)", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Mosaic of Netanyahu post-Oct-7 statements (Oct 2023 — Sep 2025) capturing the apocalyptic-framing doctrine he deployed to legitimize the Gaza war response:\n\nOctober 7, 2023 (CNN), Tel Aviv:\n'Citizens of Israel, we are at war – not in an operation, not in rounds – at war.'\n\nOctober 8, 2023 (Jerusalem Post):\n'We are embarking on a long and difficult war. The war was forced upon us by a murderous attack.'\n\nOctober 10, 2023 (Fox News):\n'Israel is at war. We didn't want this war. It was forced upon us... Israel will finish it.'\n\nOctober 17, 2023 (Business Insider, post later deleted by Netanyahu):\n'This is a struggle between the children of light and the children of darkness.'\n\n[NOTE: The 'children of light/children of darkness' post was deleted from Netanyahu's social media accounts within hours of posting, indicating internal/external pressure on the explicitly apocalyptic framing. The deletion itself is a doctrinal data-point.]\n\nSeptember 27, 2024 (78th UN General Assembly address, Jewish Virtual Library citation — separate Tayyar row exists for full 78 UN speech):\n'Israel seeks peace... Yet we face savage enemies who seek our annihilation.'\n'We are winning.'\n\n2025 (WION News):\n'Days when terrorist leaders can enjoy immunity anywhere are over.'\n[NOTE: This statement followed the killings of Hassan Nasrallah (27 Sep 2024) and Ismail Haniyeh (31 Jul 2024 in Tehran) and frames the Israeli targeted-killing policy as the new normal.]", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-10-17", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:30.800062+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "a7832889-f750-4a1e-9cf9-3d57b49998b3", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "country_id": "QA", "title": "Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani address to the 72nd UN General Assembly, 19 Sep 2017 — the Qatar-blockade response speech (English translation of Arabic original)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/72/qa_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful,\n\nHonorable Audience,\n\n[… protocol elided…]\n\nMr. President,\n\nMaintaining the regional and international peace and security is a priority in the State of Qatar's foreign policy, whose principles and objectives are based on the United Nations Charter and the rules of international legality which calls for constructive cooperation among States, mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs, good neighborliness, as well as promoting peaceful coexistence and pursuing peaceful means to settle disputes.\n\nIn this context, and after major events such as the Second World War, Rwanda & Burundi and the Balkans in the last century, the danger of the impunity of perpetrators of crimes against humanity and crimes of genocide has come back again to threaten humanity to become the rule rather than the exception, because the international legitimacy is subjected to political pressures, interests of the axes and dictations of force on the ground, which could be a harbinger that the law of force may supersede the force of law.\n\n[… Rohingya / Myanmar paragraphs elided…]\n\nMr. President,\n\nEvery time I stand here I speak in favor of constructive international cooperation, just peace, the rights of peoples under occupation, as well as those who are subjected to crimes against humanity and those who are under siege.\n\nThis time, I stand here while my country and my people are subjected to a continuing and unjust blockade imposed since June 5th by neighboring countries. The blockade involves all aspects of life, including the intervention by these countries to sever family ties. Qatar is currently managing successively its living, economy, development plans and its outreach to the outside world, thanks to sea and air routes that these countries have no control over.\n\nThe blockade was imposed abruptly and without warning, prompting Qataris to consider it as a kind of betrayal.\n\nIt seems that those who planned and implemented it had envisaged that their move would cause a shocking and direct impact that will bring the State of Qatar to its knees and to capitulate to a total tutelage to be imposed on it.\n\nAnd what is worse, the blockade planners found it necessary to rely on fabricated quotes attributed to me and posted on the website of Qatar News Agency after hacking it. The mobilized and guided media of these countries was ready to launch an all-out campaign of incitement prepared in advance in which all values, morals and norms were breached, and the truth was infringed by a torrent of lies.\n\nDespite the exposure of the hacking and falsification of quotes of the Amir of a sovereign State, the blockading countries did not back down or apologize for lying, but rather intensified their campaign, in the hope that the blockade would cause a cumulative effect on the economy and the society of my country, after it failed to bring about any direct impact.\n\nThe perpetrators of the hacking and the falsification of the quotes have committed an assault against a sovereign State. The crime was deliberately committed for political aims, and was followed by a list of political dictations, which contravene sovereignty, and caused worldwide astonishment.\n\nThe countries who imposed the unjust blockade on Qatar have intervened in the internal affairs of the State by putting pressure on its citizens through foodstuffs, medicine and ripping off consanguineous relations to force them change their political affiliation to destabilize a sovereign country. Isn't this one of the definitions of terrorism?\n\nThis illegal blockade was not confined to the economic aspect and the breach of the WTO Agreement, but it exceeded that to violate the human rights conventions by the arbitrary measures that have caused social, economic and religious harm to thousands of citizens and residents of the GCC countries, due to the violation of the basic human rights to work, education, freedom of movement and the right to dispose of private property.\n\nThe countries who imposed the blockade on the State of Qatar interfere in the internal affairs of many countries, and accuse all those who oppose them domestically and abroad with terrorism. By doing so, they are inflicting damage on the war on terror, while at the same time opposing reform and supporting the tyrannical regimes in our region, in whose prisons terrorists are initiated.\n\nWe were not alone to be taken by surprise by the imposition of the blockade, as many countries whose leaders have questioned its motives and reasons were also taken by surprise. The blockading countries have promised all those who asked them about the reasons of the blockade to provide them with evidence of their anti-Qatar absurd allegations and fabrications, which kept changing according to the identity of the addressee. Everyone is still waiting for evidence that did not and will not arrive, because it does not exist.\n\nThe State of Qatar has fought terrorism — the whole international community bears witness to that — and it is still fighting it and will continue to do that.\n\nWe have refused to yield to dictations by pressure and siege, and our people was not satisfied by less than that. At the same time, we have taken an open attitude towards dialogue without dictation, and have expressed our readiness to resolve differences through compromises based on common undertakings.\n\nFrom here, I renew the call for an unconditional dialogue based on mutual respect for sovereignty and I highly value the sincere and appreciated mediation that the State of Qatar has supported since the beginning, and which was initiated by my brother, His Highness Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the Amir of the sisterly State of Kuwait.\n\n[… terrorism + Middle East + Yemen + Iran-GCC dialogue paragraphs elided…]\n\nMr. President,\n\nIsrael still stands in the way of achieving a lasting, just and comprehensive peace and rejects the Arab Peace initiative. The Israeli government continues its intransigent approach and strategy to create facts on the ground through expanding settlement construction in the occupied territories, Judaizing Jerusalem and restricting the performance of religious rituals in Al-Aqsa Mosque, which is a serious provocative act, and continuing its blockade of the Gaza Strip.\n\nIn order to achieve security and stability in the Gulf region, we renew the call that we have already launched from this podium, for conducting a constructive dialogue between the GCC countries and Iran on the basis of common interests, the principle of good neighborliness, respect for the sovereignty of States and non-interference in their internal affairs.\n\nIn conclusion, we reiterate that the State of Qatar will spare no effort in working to strengthen the role and efforts of the United Nations to achieve what the international community seeks in regard to peace and security, and to promote human rights and advance development. Qatar will remain, as is always the case, a safe haven for the oppressed, and will continue its mediation efforts to find just solutions in conflict zones.\n\nThank you, and may Allah's peace, mercy and blessings be upon you.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-09-19", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:37.347338+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ca814866-5444-45d3-89c4-9a78e75a3a15", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Bezalel Smotrich: Israel's Decisive Plan, 2017 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "source_url": "https://hashiloach.org.il/israels-decisive-plan/", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Executive Summary\nEnding the conflict means creating and cementing the awareness—practically and politically—that there is room for only one expression of national self-determination west of the Jordan River: that of the Jewish nation. Subsequently, an Arab State actualizing Arab national aspirations cannot emerge within the same territory. Victory involves shelving this dream. And as motivation for its fulfillment dwindles, so will the terror campaign against Israel.\nThis goal will be achieved even with declarations—with an unequivocal Israeli statement to the Arabs and the entire world that a Palestinian State will not emerge—but primarily with deeds. It requires the application of full Israeli sovereignty to the heartland regions of Judea and Samaria, and end of conflict by settlement in the form of establishing new cities and settlements deep inside the territory and bringing hundreds of thousands of additional settlers to live therein. This process will make it clear to all that the reality in Judea and Samaria is irreversible, that the State of Israel is here to stay, and that the Arab dream of a state in Judea and Samaria is no longer viable. Victory by settlement will imprint the understanding upon the consciousness of the Arabs and the world that an Arab state will never arise in this land.\nBased on this unequivocal starting point, the Arabs of the Land of Israel will face two basic alternatives:\n1. Those who wish to forgo their national aspirations can stay here and live as individuals in the Jewish State; they will of course enjoy all the benefits that the Jewish State has brought and is bringing to the Land of Israel. We will discuss the status and living management of those who choose this option in more detail below.\n2. Those who choose not to let go of their national ambitions will receive aid to emigrate to one of the many countries where Arabs realize their national ambitions, or to any other destination in the world.\nIt is of course safe to assume that not everyone will adopt one of these two choices. There will be those who will continue to choose another \"option\"—continuing to fight the IDF, the State of Israel, and the Jewish population. Such terrorists will be dealt with by the security forces with a strong hand and under more manageable conditions for doing so.\nFor those Arabs who wish to remain here as individuals and enjoy everything the State of Israel has to offer, we will need to define a model of residency that includes autonomous self-management including municipal administrations, alongside individual rights and obligations. The Arabs of Judea and Samaria will conduct their daily lives on their own terms via regional municipal administrations lacking national characteristics. Like other local authorities these will hold their own elections, and will maintain regular economic and municipal relations between themselves and authorities of the State of Israel. In time, and contingent on loyalty to the state and its institutions, and on military or national service, models of residency and even citizenship will become available.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-09-07", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:42.587512+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5b2581d9-49ff-4381-ade9-4de645ced067", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "LB", "title": "Hezbollah — 2009 Manifesto + Nasrallah supplementary (Zionism-as-occupiers-not-Jews-as-religion, Israel-as-cancer-to-be-eradicated)", "source_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From Hezbollah's 2009 Political Manifesto (released 30 November 2009 by then-Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah in Beirut as a doctrinal update from Hezbollah's 1985 Open Letter — the 2009 Manifesto is the foundational document of Hezbollah's post-Cedar-Revolution political positioning):\n\n2009 Political Manifesto (Hezbollah's foundational articulation of its conflict with Israel as political-not-religious):\n'Our problem with [the Israelis] is not that they are Jews, but that they are occupiers who are raping our land and holy places.'\n[NOTE: This 2009 framing is doctrinally crucial — it formally articulates Hezbollah's Zionism-vs-Jews distinction in the same doctrinal register that the Hamas 2017 Document (already staged) and Yassin's 1997 NYT framing (already staged) deploy. The 2009 Hezbollah Manifesto preceded the Hamas 2017 Document by 8 years, positioning Hezbollah as ahead of Hamas in formal doctrinal modernization on this point. The 'raping our land' framing is consistent with broader Hezbollah anti-occupation rhetoric.]\n\nSupplementary Nasrallah quotes (from Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah 1992-2024, beyond what's covered in his separately-staged 1998-2006 doctrinal mosaic):\n\n3 August 2006 (Nasrallah's iconic 2006 Lebanon War televised threat to Israel during the 33-day war):\n'If you hit Beirut, the Islamic resistance will hit Tel Aviv and is able to do so with God's help.'\n[NOTE: This 3 Aug 2006 framing positioned Hezbollah's missile-deterrent doctrine vs Israeli airpower as 'eye-for-an-eye' Beirut-vs-Tel-Aviv targeting symmetry — a doctrinal innovation that subsequent Hezbollah operations through 2024 maintained.]\n\n2 August 2013 (Al-Quds Day speech, on Israeli state in the broader regional discourse):\nIsrael 'is a cancer that must be eradicated.'\n[NOTE: This August 2013 framing is more maximalist than the 2009 Manifesto's 'occupiers raping land' political-framing — the 'cancer must be eradicated' framing positions Israeli state as biologically-removable rather than politically-negotiable. The doctrinal range between 2009 Manifesto and 2013 Al-Quds Day shows Nasrallah's audience-differentiated rhetorical register (parallel to Zahar's Hamas-internal-vs-external split already staged).]\n\nOctober 7+ era response: Nasrallah characterized the Hamas Oct 7 attacks as 'a heroic operation' — Hezbollah's missile and drone attacks against northern Israel began immediately after 7 October 2023 in solidarity with the Palestinians. Nasrallah was killed by Israeli airstrike 27 September 2024 in Beirut.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2009-11-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:28.315643+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "5f9328eb-c848-42e4-8028-02e21fe776dd", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "country_id": "AE", "title": "UAE — 79th UNGA address — Gaza ceasefire, Iran islands, Palestinian recognition (30 September 2024)", "source_url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From the podium of this General Assembly, a place that has always embraced our ambitions and agonies, we call upon all of you to join hands and work together to create a better world for our sons and daughters, and for future generations.\n\nSince its inception, the UAE has adopted a transparent foreign policy, based on credibility and building balanced relations with all countries. This includes supporting regional and international efforts aimed at achieving stability and reducing escalations, encouraging dialogue and building bridges, as well as resolving crises instead of merely managing them.\n\nAs our world stands at a dangerous crossroads, we must redirect the compass of our international action to focus on a set of fundamental and non-negotiable principles.\n\nMost importantly, we must stand united in the face of contentious issues, support all peoples without applying double standards, ensure the protection of civilians, uphold the rule of law, as well as commit to human rights and respect the principles of good neighborliness.\n\nReturning to these basic principles has become more urgent than ever, particularly with the serious violations committed in conflicts raging in our region and around the world.\n\nIt must be recalled here that even wars have rules. Parties must respect international law, including international humanitarian law.\n\nIn Gaza, an immediate and lasting ceasefire must be reached, rapid, full and unimpeded access of humanitarian aid at large-scale must be allowed, and the hostages and detainees must be released.\n\nWe must act wisely in response to the rapid developments threatening our region. It is evident that what we have warned about is now unfolding beyond our control. We regret to see the war spread to Lebanon, at a time when we were hoping for an announcement about reaching a deal to end the war on Gaza.\n\nIt is unacceptable to ignore the decisions and advisory opinions issued by the highest judicial body of the United Nations - the International Court of Justice. This includes the provisional measures issued by the Court regarding the war on Gaza.\n\nToday, His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates, may God protect him, directed $100 million in urgent relief aid to the brotherly people of Lebanon, to support them in facing the current challenges.\n\nIf we want to bring an end to the seven-decades long vicious cycle of the Palestinian issue, then we must take concrete steps towards the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, based on the two-state solution.\n\nWe must also consider the establishment of a temporary international mission in the Gaza Strip - upon an official request from the Palestinian government - to address the humanitarian crisis, re-establish security and law, and reunite Gaza and the West Bank under a reformed Palestinian Authority.\n\nMy country believes that the State of Palestine, which just a couple weeks ago took its new seat in this hall like every other nation, has fulfilled the requirements for full membership in this organization. It deserves to be recognized by all states as a fully-fledged state under occupation.\n\nMr President,\n\nIn parallel with our efforts in these files, my country renews its demand to Iran to end its occupation of the three UAE islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa. These islands are an integral part of the UAE.\n\nWe will continue to urge Iran to respond to our repeated calls to resolve this issue either through direct negotiations, or resort to the International Court of Justice.\n\nIn all other issues, the UAE believes that the best way to resolve crises is through diplomacy. We cannot fight fire with fire.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2024-09-30", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:33.562109+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "ce4782b3-ad83-4cdd-ad87-a0732bc4010d", "source_type": "speech", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "country_id": "IL", "title": "PM Benjamin Netanyahu 'New Middle East' address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 22 Sep 2023 — 15 days before October 7", "source_url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/event-un220923", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Ladies and Gentlemen,\n\nOver three millennia ago, our great leader Moses addressed the people of Israel as they were about to enter the Promised Land. He said they would find there two mountains facing one another: Mount Gerizim, the site on which a great blessing would be proclaimed, and Mount Ebal, the site of a great curse. Moses said the people's fate would be determined by the choice they made between the blessing and the curse.\n\nThat same choice has echoed down the ages not just for the people of Israel but for all humanity. We face such a choice today. It will determine whether we enjoy the blessings of a historic peace of boundless prosperity and hope or suffer the curse of a horrific war, of terrorism and despair.\n\nWhen I last spoke at this podium five years ago, I warned about the tyrants of Tehran. They have been nothing but a curse. A curse to their own people, to our region, to the entire world.\n\nBut at that time, I also spoke about a great blessing that I could see on the horizon. Here's what I said. Quote: 'The common threat of Iran has brought Israel and many Arab states closer than ever before in a friendship that I have not seen in my lifetime.' I said: 'The day would soon arrive when Israel would be able to expand peace beyond Egypt and Jordan to other Arab neighbors.'\n\nNow, in countless meetings with world leaders, I made the case that Israel and the Arab states shared many common interests, and that I believed that these many common interests could facilitate a breakthrough for a broader peace in our region.\n\nYou applaud now, but at the time, many dismissed my optimism as wishful thinking. Their pessimism was based on a quarter-century of good intentions and failed peacemaking.\n\nWhy were these good intentions, why did they always meet failure? Because they were based on one false idea, that unless we first concluded a peace agreement with the Palestinians, no other Arab state would normalize its relations with Israel.\n\nI've long sought to make peace with the Palestinians. But I also believe that we must not give the Palestinians a veto over new peace treaties with Arab states. The Palestinians could greatly benefit from a broader peace. They should be part of the process, but they should not have a veto over the process.\n\nSee, the Palestinians are only 2% of the Arab world. As long as they believe that the other 98% will remain in a war-like state with Israel, that larger mass, that larger Arab world could eventually choke, dissolve, destroy the Jewish state. So when the Palestinians see that most of the Arab world has reconciled itself to the Jewish state, they too will be more likely to abandon the fantasy of destroying Israel and finally embrace a path of genuine peace with it.\n\nFor years, my approach to peace was rejected by the so-called experts. Well, they were wrong. Under their approach, we didn't forge a single peace treaty for a quarter century. Yet in 2020, under the approach that I advocated, we tried something different, and in no time we achieved a remarkable breakthrough.\n\nWe achieved four peace treaties working with the United States. Israel forged four peace agreements in four months with four Arab states: the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco. The Abraham Accords were a pivot of history.\n\nBut I believe that we are at the cusp of an even more dramatic breakthrough: an historic peace with Saudi Arabia. Such a peace will go a long way to ending the Arab-Israeli conflict. It will encourage other Arab states to normalize relations with Israel. It will enhance the prospects of peace with the Palestinians. It will encourage a broader reconciliation between Judaism and Islam, between Jerusalem and Mecca, between the descendants of Isaac and the descendants of Ishmael.\n\nTwo weeks ago, we saw another blessing already in sight. In the G20 Conference, President Biden, Prime Minister Modi, and European and Arab leaders announced plans for a visionary corridor that will stretch across the Arabian Peninsula and Israel. It will connect India to Europe with maritime links, rail links, energy pipelines, fiber-optic cables. This corridor will bypass maritime chokepoints and dramatically lower the costs of goods, communication and energy for over two billion people.\n\nThe Land of Israel is situated on the crossroads between Africa, Asia and Europe. And for centuries, my country was repeatedly invaded by empires passing through it in their campaigns of plunder and conquest elsewhere. But today, as we tear down walls of enmity, Israel can become a bridge of peace and prosperity between these continents.\n\nPeace between Israel and Saudi Arabia will truly create a new Middle East. We will not only bring down barriers between Israel and our neighbors. We'll build a new corridor of peace and prosperity that connects Asia through the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, to Europe. This is an extraordinary change, a monumental change, another pivot of history.\n\n[… Mahmoud Abbas Hitler-not-antisemite paragraphs elided…]\n\nThere are many hurdles on the path of peace. But I am committed to doing everything I can to overcome those hurdles, to forge a better future for Israel and all the peoples in our region. Two days ago, I discussed this vision of peace with President Biden. We share the same optimism for what can be achieved. And I deeply appreciate his commitment to seize this historic opportunity. The United States of America is indispensable in this effort. Just as we achieved the Abraham Accords with the leadership of President Trump, I believe we can achieve peace with Saudi Arabia with the leadership of President Biden. Working together with the leadership of Crown Prince Muhammed Bin Salman, we can shape a future of great blessings for all our peoples.\n\nNow you know, Ladies and Gentlemen, you know there's a fly in this ointment, because rest assured, the fanatics ruling Iran are will do everything they can to thwart this historic peace.\n\n[… Iran paragraphs + AI utopia paragraphs elided…]\n\nThousands of years ago, Moses presented the children of Israel with a timeless and universal choice, 'Behold, I set before you this day a blessing and a curse.' May we choose wisely between the curse and the blessings that stand before us this day.", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2023-09-22", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:39.817224+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "958b6efe-6bbc-4b6d-843f-428a0930073f", "source_type": "manifesto", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "PS", "title": "Hamas — 1988 Covenant doctrinal mosaic — Islamic Waqf, jihad-as-individual-duty, anti-negotiation foundational text", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hamas", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "From the Hamas Covenant (Mithaq Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyyah — Hamas), published 18 August 1988, foundational charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement:\n\nOn the land of Palestine:\n'Palestine is an Islamic Waqf consecrated for future Moslem generations.'\n\nOn negotiation and peace initiatives:\n'Initiatives, and so-called peaceful solutions and international conferences are in contradiction to the principles of the Islamic Resistance Movement.'\n\nOn armed struggle:\n'Jihad becomes the individual duty of every Moslem' [as the obligation regarding the recovery of Palestinian land].\n\nFrom Hamas leadership figures (post-1988 doctrinal continuations):\n\nMahmoud al-Zahar (Hamas co-founder, Gaza):\n'Our ultimate plan is [to have] Palestine in its entirety.'\n\nFathi Hamad (Hamas Political Bureau, on Hamas's self-characterization):\nCharacterized Hamas as 'an enlightened, moderate Islamic movement,' denying claims of establishing an Islamic state.\n\n[NOTE: The 1988 Covenant remained the formal foundational document until Hamas's 2017 'Document of General Principles and Policies' was issued. The 2017 document is sometimes characterized as a moderation of the 1988 Covenant. Both documents coexist in Hamas's doctrinal canon.]", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "1988-08-18", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:31.253984+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "b4e15585-06b8-4da5-a2e3-80cb88bf7c58", "source_type": "interview", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "country_id": "SA", "title": "Mohammed bin Salman — sourced verbatim quotes 2016-2022 (mosaic of policy statements from major interviews; English)", "source_url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "Speaker: Mohammed bin Salman, then Deputy Crown Prince and later Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. Mosaic of sourced verbatim quotes assembled from major published interviews 2016-2022. All quotes cross-verified against the Wikiquote-cited primary sources.\n\n[On Saudi modernization — Guardian interview, 24 October 2017]\n\n'We are simply reverting to what we followed — a moderate Islam open to the world and to all religions. 70% of the Saudis are younger than 30, honestly we won't waste 30 years of our life combating extremist thoughts, we will destroy them now and immediately.'\n\n'What happened in the last 30 years is not Saudi Arabia. What happened in the region in the last 30 years is not the Middle East. After the Iranian revolution in 1979, people wanted to copy this model in different countries, one of them is Saudi Arabia. We didn't know how to deal with it. And the problem spread all over the world. Now is the time to get rid of it.'\n\n[On the relationship with Iran — Reuters interview, 7 May 2017]\n\n'We know that we are a main goal for the Iranian regime. We won't wait for the battle to be in Saudi Arabia. Instead, we'll work so that the battle is for them in Iran, not in Saudi Arabia.'\n\n[On governance and decision-making in Saudi Arabia — The Economist interview, 6 January 2016]\n\n'We have our values: it is important to us, the participation in decision making, that is why we have the Council of Ministers, the Shura Council and the Council for Economic and Development Affairs. So we get involved in many decisions to make sure we are doing the right thing for our people.'\n\n'My dream as a young man in Saudi Arabia, is to live in the most successful country in the world, with the highest gross domestic product, the strongest economy, the most beautiful environment, the best entertainment, the best government services… a country in which the Saudi person feels he or she is in the best country in the world.'\n\n[On the Yemen operation, defending the Saudi-led intervention — The Economist interview, 6 January 2016]\n\n'First of all I'm not the architect of the Yemen operation, it is the Royal Decree, signed by His Majesty King Salman, and is supported by all the leadership in Saudi Arabia, by all branches of the family, by all stakeholders, by ministries, by all the Shura Council, by the Ulemas Council and by the entire Saudi citizenry, all of them are behind this operation.'\n\n[On the Saudi judiciary handling of the Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr execution and sectarianism — The Economist interview, 6 January 2016, defending the January 2016 mass execution of 47 prisoners including the prominent Shia cleric]\n\n'The court did not, at all, make any distinction between whether or not a person is Shi'ite or Sunni. They are looking at a crime, they are looking at a procedure, they are looking at standard法. They are not looking at the sect of these people, whether they are Shi'ite or Sunni.'\n\n[On climate and energy policy — Reuters, 16 July 2022]\n\n'Adopting unrealistic policies to reduce emissions by excluding main sources of energy without paying attention to ensuring the gradual nature of the transition will lead in the coming years to unprecedented inflation and an increase in energy prices and rising unemployment.'\n\n[Cultural / historical framing — The Economist interview, 6 January 2016]\n\n'You're from Britain, and I am a fan of Churchill, but I will not be sympathetic to a Churchill… to a Britain that did not exist before Churchill, or a Churchill that did not have a Britain.'", "content_translated_en": null, "published_date": "2017-10-14", "ingested_at": "2026-06-14T08:49:37.95175+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": null, "source_language": "en", "review_status": "approved" }, { "id": "e1186664-9906-4f34-b24f-f381e3027644", "source_type": "platform", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000045", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IL", "title": "Likud–United Torah Judaism coalition agreement, 37th government (signed 21 Dec 2022) — selected clauses: religion-state status quo (§22, §24), yeshiva conscription exemption & Basic Law: Torah Study (§18), and the judicial-overhaul / override-clause commitment (§49). Full agreement text first published by JDN; substance corroborated by mainstream reporting (Times of Israel, Maariv).", "source_url": "https://www.jdn.co.il/blog/1877608/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "18. לאור החשיבות שהעם היהודי העניק ומעניק ללימוד תורה לאורך הדורות, תושלם חקיקת חוק יסוד: לימוד תורה הקובעת שלימוד התורה הוא ערך יסוד במורשת העם היהודי, וזאת עד להעברת תקציב לשנת 2023. בד בבד, עד העברת התקציב לשנת 2023, יושלם תיקון לחוק שירות הביטחון להסדרת מעמדם של תלמידי הישיבות בהסכמת כל סיעות הקואליציה. סיעת יהדות התורה מודיעה, שעניין זה הנוגע בנפשה אמור היה להיות מוסדר מבחינתה כתנאי עוד קודם הקמת הממשלה. אך מתוך מודעות להליכים המתבקשים, נקבע כי חקיקת חוק יסוד: לימוד תורה והתיקון לחוק שירות הביטחון תושלם עד להעברת התקציב לשנת 2023.\n\n22. יישמר הסטטוס קוו בנושאי דת ומדינה כפי שהיה מקובל זה עשרות שנים בישראל, הממשלה תעשה לכבד את השבת ומועדי ישראל ששמרו על קיומנו כעם, לגבי כל שינוי הפוגע בסטטוס קוו (ובכלל זה שינויים שאירעו בעבר), הצדדים יפעלו לתיקון הפגיעה על מנת לשמר את הסטטוס קוו, כולל חקיקה על פי הצורך.\n\n24. לא תקודם ולא תאושר חקיקה פרטית על ידי סיעות הקואליציה אשר יש בה משום שינוי בסטטוס-קוו בנושאי דת מלבד מה שיוסכם עליו במפורש על ידי סיעות הקואליציה. ככל שתוגש הצעת חוק בענייני דת בניגוד לאמור לעיל, יצביעו כל חברי סיעות הקואליציה נגדה ותופעל משמעת קואליציונית להסרתה מסדר היום, הן בוועדות הכנסת והן במליאת הכנסת. החלת רציפות על הצעות חוק בנושאי דת ומדינה, תעשה בהסכמת כל סיעות הקואליציה.\n\n49. כל סיעות הקואליציה יתמכו בכל הצעות החוק, לרבות בחוקי יסוד ובתיקונים לחוקי יסוד, כפי שיוצעו על ידי שר המשפטים, ושיעסקו, בין היתר, בהסדרת מערכת היחסים שבין הרשויות ובסמכויותיהן, ובפרט במערכת היחסים שבין הכנסת והממשלה לבין מערכת המשפט ובית המשפט העליון ובשיטת בחירת השופטים. כל זאת לשם השבת האיזון הראוי בין הרשויות. החקיקה כאמור תכלול גם חקיקת חוק יסוד: החקיקה ופסקת התגברות. כל הצעות החוק שעניינן הנושאים הנזכרים בסעיף זה תקבלנה עדיפות מוחלטת ומלאה, בכל מקרה ונסיבות, על פני כל חקיקה אחרת, לרבות בכל הקשור לקדימות ראשונה בהעלאת הצעות למליאה מיד עם הנחתן בכנסת ובהשלמת הטיפול בהן בוועדת החוקה חוק ומשפט של הכנסת לפני כל דיון בכל הצעת חוק אחרת המונחת על שולחן הוועדה. האמור יחול בכל הקריאות.", "content_translated_en": "Selected clauses of the Likud–United Torah Judaism (UTJ) coalition agreement for the 37th government, signed 21 December 2022 (5 Tevet 5783 / \"27 Kislev 5783, 21 December 2022\" per the agreement). Stored in Hebrew (original); faithful English translation below.\n\n§18. In light of the importance the Jewish people has accorded and accords to Torah study throughout the generations, the enactment of a Basic Law: Torah Study — establishing that Torah study is a foundational value in the heritage of the Jewish people — shall be completed by the time the 2023 budget is passed. Concurrently, by the passage of the 2023 budget, an amendment to the Security Service Law regulating the status of yeshiva students [i.e. their exemption from military conscription] shall be completed, with the agreement of all coalition factions. The UTJ faction declares that this matter, which is vital to it, ought to have been settled, from its standpoint, as a condition even before the formation of the government; but out of awareness of the requisite procedures, it was determined that the enactment of Basic Law: Torah Study and the amendment to the Security Service Law shall be completed by the passage of the 2023 budget.\n\n§22. The status quo on matters of religion and state shall be preserved as has been customary for decades in Israel; the government shall act to honor the Sabbath and the festivals of Israel that have preserved our existence as a people. Regarding any change that harms the status quo (including changes that occurred in the past), the parties shall act to remedy the harm so as to preserve the status quo, including legislation as needed.\n\n§24. No private member's legislation shall be advanced or approved by the coalition factions that entails a change to the religious status quo, except as expressly agreed by the coalition factions. Should a bill be submitted on religious matters contrary to the foregoing, all members of the coalition factions shall vote against it, and coalition discipline shall be applied to remove it from the agenda, both in the Knesset committees and in the plenum. Applying legislative continuity to bills on religion-and-state matters shall require the agreement of all coalition factions.\n\n§49. All coalition factions shall support all bills — including Basic Laws and amendments to Basic Laws — proposed by the Minister of Justice that deal, among other things, with regulating the relationship between the branches of government and their powers, and in particular the relationship between the Knesset and the government on the one hand and the judicial system and the Supreme Court on the other, and the method of selecting judges — all in order to restore the proper balance between the branches. Such legislation shall also include the enactment of Basic Law: Legislation and the override clause [piskat hahitgabrut]. All bills concerning the matters mentioned in this clause shall receive absolute and full priority, in any case and circumstance, over any other legislation — including first precedence in bringing proposals to the plenum immediately upon their tabling, and in completing their handling in the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee before any deliberation on any other bill before the committee. The foregoing shall apply in all readings.", "published_date": "2022-12-21", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T20:40:12.495574+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "he", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "e9e5a51b-c784-431a-b26b-39a2825dffff", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "a9afe34e-2f4e-4889-b1d3-bd045ceb7f3f", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Moshe Gafni (chairman, Degel HaTorah / United Torah Judaism) — public statement reacting to the High Court of Justice ruling (per Justice Sohlberg) that conditioned a series of Haredi state benefits on regularizing military-service status, 26 Apr 2026 (carried by Kipa).", "source_url": "https://www.kipa.co.il/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/1223313-0/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "מדינת ישראל הולכת ומאבדת את זהותה כמדינה יהודית ודמוקרטית. בג\"ץ פועל בעקביות ובשיטתיות כדי לפגוע בלומדי התורה ולצמצם את מקומם במדינה", "content_translated_en": "Statement by MK Moshe Gafni, chairman of Degel HaTorah (one of the two factions of United Torah Judaism), on 26 April 2026, reacting to a High Court of Justice decision (per Justice Noam Sohlberg) holding that the state was failing to enforce the prior conscription ruling against Haredi draft-evaders and ordering that economic benefits (daycare/after-school subsidies, public-transport discounts, government housing-program benefits, municipal-tax discounts) be reconditioned on regularizing one's status with the military authorities.\n\nTranslation: \"The State of Israel is progressively losing its identity as a Jewish and democratic state. The High Court of Justice [Bagatz] acts consistently and systematically to harm Torah scholars and to diminish their place in the state.\"", "published_date": "2026-04-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T20:45:07.39714+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "he", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "4aecbc42-4e45-464e-916a-dd5d13aee3c2", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "56da7508-d027-45ce-ab38-5b3e6402380a", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Yitzhak Goldknopf (chairman, United Torah Judaism) — public statement reacting to the High Court of Justice ruling conditioning Haredi state benefits on military-service status, 26 Apr 2026 (carried by Kipa).", "source_url": "https://www.kipa.co.il/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/1223313-0/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "החלטה שדגל שחור מתנוסס מעליה. זו חציית קו אדום חמורה ופגיעה ישירה בלב הזהות היהודית של מדינת ישראל", "content_translated_en": "Statement by MK Yitzhak Goldknopf, chairman of United Torah Judaism (Agudat Yisrael), on 26 April 2026, reacting to the same High Court of Justice decision conditioning a range of Haredi state benefits on regularizing military-service status.\n\nTranslation: \"A ruling over which a black flag flies [i.e. a manifestly illegitimate decision]. This is a grave crossing of a red line and a direct blow to the heart of the Jewish identity of the State of Israel.\"", "published_date": "2026-04-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T20:45:07.39714+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "he", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "f840c27d-85e3-4fb3-9425-ce7051298be0", "source_type": "press-release", "party_id": null, "politician_id": "f67533a7-1bc8-4419-b3a4-6d02bb76ec6f", "country_id": "IL", "title": "Aryeh Deri (chairman, Shas) — public statement reacting to the High Court of Justice ruling conditioning Haredi state benefits on military-service status, 26 Apr 2026 (carried by Kipa).", "source_url": "https://www.kipa.co.il/%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA/1223313-0/", "original_language": "he", "content_original": "החלטת בג\"ץ האחרונה, מהווה פגיעה אנושה וחמורה ביותר ביסודות הקיום של עם ישראל בארץ ישראל", "content_translated_en": "Statement by MK Aryeh Deri, chairman of Shas, on 26 April 2026, reacting to the same High Court of Justice decision (per Justice Noam Sohlberg) conditioning a range of Haredi state benefits (daycare subsidies, transport discounts, housing-program benefits, municipal-tax discounts) on regularizing one's status with the military authorities.\n\nTranslation: \"The latest High Court of Justice [Bagatz] ruling constitutes a most grievous and severe blow to the very foundations of the existence of the People of Israel in the Land of Israel.\"", "published_date": "2026-04-26", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T20:53:23.900176+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "he", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "42cd4eaf-b531-457f-b873-2972af281092", "source_type": "charter", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "DZ", "title": "Algeria's 1963 Constitution (adopted by referendum 10 Sep 1963), Articles 23–26 — the FLN constitutionally entrenched as the country's SOLE vanguard party, defining national policy and controlling the National Assembly and the Government, and tasked with building socialism. Behavioral record of FLN one-party rule. Text via Digithèque MJP (Univ. Perpignan).", "source_url": "https://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/dz1963.htm", "original_language": "other", "content_original": "Article 23. Le Front de libération nationale est le parti unique d'avant-garde en Algérie. Article 24. Le Front de libération nationale définit la politique de la Nation et inspire l'action de l'État. Il contrôle l'action de l'Assemblée nationale et du Gouvernement. Article 25. Le Front de libération nationale reflète les aspirations profondes des masses. Il les éduque et les encadre ; il les guide pour la réalisation de leurs aspirations. Article 26. Le Front de libération nationale réalise les objectifs de la révolution démocratique et populaire et édifie le socialisme en Algérie.", "content_translated_en": "Behavioral conduct-axis record for the FLN (democracy / civil-liberties / regime-stance / economic). Articles 23–26 of Algeria's first post-independence Constitution, adopted by referendum on 10 September 1963 under Ahmed Ben Bella, which constitutionally entrenched the National Liberation Front as the country's sole legal party and placed it above the elected legislature and the government — the legal foundation of the FLN one-party state that lasted until 1989. French original reproduced by the Digithèque MJP (University of Perpignan).\n\nTranslation:\nArticle 23. \"The National Liberation Front is the single vanguard party in Algeria.\"\nArticle 24. \"The National Liberation Front defines the policy of the Nation and inspires the action of the State. It controls the action of the National Assembly and of the Government.\"\nArticle 25. \"The National Liberation Front reflects the deep aspirations of the masses. It educates and frames them; it guides them toward the realization of their aspirations.\"\nArticle 26. \"The National Liberation Front realizes the objectives of the democratic and popular revolution and builds socialism in Algeria.\"\n\n[Axes: democracy (single legal party; party supremacy over Assembly and Government — no pluralism or separation of powers), civil-liberties, regime-stance, economic (socialism), modernization.]", "published_date": "1963-09-10", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T22:14:17.38966+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "other", "review_status": "unreviewed" }, { "id": "d6f4e678-8fca-471c-b5a1-91d5c6b726df", "source_type": "article", "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000301", "politician_id": null, "country_id": "IQ", "title": "State of Law-led (Maliki) government's press-freedom record: the Communications and Media Commission's 28 Apr 2013 suspension of 10 satellite channels (incl. Al Jazeera), targeting opposition/pro-Sunni outlets after their Hawija-raid coverage — HRW found no legal basis (arbitrary). Documented by Human Rights Watch (30 Apr 2013); corroborated by CPJ.", "source_url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/04/30/iraq-cancel-revocations-tv-station-licenses", "original_language": "en", "content_original": "The official Communications and Media Commission suspended the licenses on April 28, 2013, amid spiraling violence and anti-government demonstrations in Sunni-majority provinces. The license suspensions targeted exclusively opposition stations while leaving others like state-run al-Iraqiya channel free to continue broadcasting.\n\nMujahid Abu al-Hail, who heads the media commission’s Department of Audiovisual Media Regulation, told Human Rights Watch that the commission suspended the licenses after concluding that the ten stations were “promoting violence and sectarianism.” The stations are: Al-Jazeera, Al-Sharqiya, Al-Sharqiya News, Al-Anwar al-Thany, Al-Fallujah, Al-Tagheer, Al-Garbhiya, Salah al-Din, Babeliya, and Baghdad TV.\n\nThe authorities have admitted that there was no legal basis for their decision, which looks more suspicious given the government's history of cracking down on opposition media, particularly during protests", "content_translated_en": "[Source is in English; this field holds editorial context, not a translation.] Behavioral press-freedom / civil-liberties record of the State of Law Coalition-led government (Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki). On 28 April 2013 the government's Communications and Media Commission suspended the licenses of ten satellite channels — exclusively opposition / pro-Sunni outlets, while leaving the state-run al-Iraqiya channel untouched — following their coverage of the army's raid on a Sunni protest camp in Hawija (23 April 2013, 20+ killed). Human Rights Watch documented that a senior commission official admitted there was no legal basis for the suspensions and could cite no specific incitement to imminent violence. The Committee to Protect Journalists corroborated and condemned the move (29 April 2013): \"The Iraqi government is conflating dissent with incitement,\" said CPJ's Sherif Mansour, calling the decision \"clearly designed to stifle reporting on the ongoing violence.\" [Axes: press-freedom (behavioral), civil-liberties, democracy, sectarianism.]", "published_date": "2013-04-28", "ingested_at": "2026-06-21T22:38:49.111895+00:00", "ingested_by": null, "source_authority_tier": "tier-2", "source_language": "en", "review_status": "unreviewed" } ], "tayyar_axes": [ { "id": "economic", "name_en": "Economic", "name_ar": "الاقتصاد", "axis_group": "compass", "pos_label_en": "Market", "neg_label_en": "Statist", "pos_label_ar": "سوق", "neg_label_ar": "دولوي", "description": "Degree to which the actor favors market mechanisms (positive) vs. state allocation (negative).", "display_order": 10, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on its stated economic platform and observed policy positions. The axis runs from full state allocation (-10: central planning, broad nationalization, comprehensive welfare state) to laissez-faire markets (+10: minimal state, deregulation, privatized social services). When platforms are partially religiously framed, score on the economic outcome advocated rather than the framing; note the religious framing in the entity description.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Full state ownership of means of production", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Historical Yemeni Socialist Party in the PDRY" }, { "label": "Strong nationalization, broad welfare state", "score": -7, "exemplar": "Sudanese Communist Party" }, { "label": "Mixed economy with strong public sector", "score": -3, "exemplar": "Hadash, USFP Morocco" }, { "label": "Pragmatic welfare-state social democracy", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Egyptian Social Democratic Party" }, { "label": "Market-oriented with some safety net", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Yesh Atid" }, { "label": "Strongly pro-market, minimal regulation", "score": 7, "exemplar": "Free Egyptians Party" }, { "label": "Libertarian, minimal-state", "score": 10, "exemplar": "No clear MENA exemplar; theoretical extreme" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "state-religion", "name_en": "State & religion", "name_ar": "الدين والدولة", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Secular state", "neg_label_en": "Religious state", "pos_label_ar": "دولة علمانية", "neg_label_ar": "دولة دينية", "description": "Separation of religion from state and law (positive) vs. religious authority in state and law (negative).", "display_order": 30, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the desired relationship between state and religion. Negative pole: religious state (sharia / halacha as primary source of law, religious authorities in governance). Positive pole: secular state (formal separation, no privileged religious authority, civil-law primacy). Sub-state religious autonomy (Druze courts in Lebanon, Halacha courts in Israel) does not by itself push the score; what matters is the actor's position on whether the state itself is religious.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Theocratic state, sharia/halacha as primary law", "score": -10, "exemplar": "FIS Algeria, Northern Islamic Movement" }, { "label": "Strong religious framing, religious courts dominant", "score": -7, "exemplar": "Houthis, Al-Asalah, UTJ" }, { "label": "Moderate Islamist, accepts civil-law primacy with Islamic reference", "score": -3, "exemplar": "PJD Morocco, Tewassoul" }, { "label": "Religion important but not constitutional", "score": 0, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria" }, { "label": "Civic state with religious accommodation", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Egyptian SDP, USFP" }, { "label": "Strong secularism, religion privatized", "score": 7, "exemplar": "PT Algeria, Workers' Party" }, { "label": "Militant secularism", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Theoretical pole; few MENA actors" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "palestinian-question", "name_en": "Palestinian question", "name_ar": "القضية الفلسطينية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Pro-Palestinian rights", "neg_label_en": "Opposed", "pos_label_ar": "مع حقوق الفلسطينيين", "neg_label_ar": "ضد", "description": "Position on Palestinian rights, statehood, and self-determination — strong support (positive) vs. opposition (negative).", "display_order": 70, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on the Palestinian question. Positive: strongly pro-Palestinian, supports Palestinian statehood / right of return / anti-occupation framing. Negative: opposes Palestinian statehood, supports West Bank annexation, anti-Palestinian framing. Most MENA Arab parties cluster +5 to +9; Israeli parties span the negative half. The score should reflect the actor's POSITION not their feasibility-of-action.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Annexationist, anti-Palestinian-statehood", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Otzma Yehudit, Religious Zionism" }, { "label": "Opposes Palestinian statehood", "score": -7, "exemplar": "Likud" }, { "label": "Equivocal, two-state but with conditions", "score": -3, "exemplar": "Yesh Atid, National Unity" }, { "label": "No clear stance", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Few clear examples" }, { "label": "Supports Palestinian rights, pragmatic", "score": 5, "exemplar": "Hadash, Egyptian SDP" }, { "label": "Strong pro-Palestinian position", "score": 8, "exemplar": "Most Arab nationalist parties" }, { "label": "Maximalist pro-Palestinian, anti-Zionist", "score": 10, "exemplar": "PFLP, Houthis, FIS, PT Algeria" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "civil-liberties", "name_en": "Civil liberties", "name_ar": "الحريات المدنية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Expand", "neg_label_en": "Restrict", "pos_label_ar": "توسيع", "neg_label_ar": "تقييد", "description": "Speech, protest, dissent, association, press freedom — expand and protect (positive) vs. restrict (negative).", "display_order": 80, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor's record on protecting civil liberties: freedom of press, assembly, association, dissent. Distinct from the social axis (which is about personal-life regulation) and from democracy (which is about elections and rule of law). An actor can favor democracy abstractly while having a poor civil liberties record (e.g., majoritarian populism). Score on the actor's record where in power.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Active suppression of dissent", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Houthis, Sisi-era Egyptian state parties" }, { "label": "Strong illiberalism, restricts press", "score": -7, "exemplar": "State of Law Iraq, Otzma Yehudit" }, { "label": "Mixed record", "score": -3, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria, Most Maghreb ruling parties" }, { "label": "Standard governance compromises", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Many centrist parties" }, { "label": "Pro-civil-liberties in principle", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Egyptian SDP, ESDP" }, { "label": "Strong civil-liberties focus", "score": 7, "exemplar": "FFS Algeria, Hadash" }, { "label": "Civil-liberties absolutism", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Liberal Israeli left (rare)" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "interpretive" }, { "id": "regime-stance", "name_en": "Regime stance", "name_ar": "الموقف من النظام", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "pro-regime", "neg_label_en": "anti-regime", "pos_label_ar": "مؤيد للنظام", "neg_label_ar": "مناهض للنظام", "description": "Stance toward the state's foundational constitutional order — for Israel the Zionist-democratic state; for republics and monarchies the existing political order. Pro-regime (+) accepts and defends that order; anti-regime (−) rejects or seeks to overturn it. This measures stance toward the FOUNDATIONAL ORDER, not the incumbent government: an opposition party loyal to the constitutional order still scores positive.", "display_order": 100, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Anchor on the foundational order, not the sitting cabinet. +8..+10 founds/defends the order (e.g. Likud, Labor, most Zionist parties in Israel; loyalist parties under an Arab republic). −8..−10 rejects the order's legitimacy (anti-Zionist parties; revolutionary or separatist movements). Mid-range: pragmatic participation without ideological endorsement (e.g. non-Zionist Haredi or Arab parties working within the system), or parties that defend the state's existence while seeking to overturn its democratic character (score reflects partial acceptance).", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Banned, openly revolutionary", "score": -10, "exemplar": "FIS Algeria, Northern Islamic Movement, FJP Egypt" }, { "label": "Active opposition pushing systemic change", "score": -7, "exemplar": "Ennahda Tunisia, Sairoon Iraq (withdrew)" }, { "label": "Critical opposition", "score": -3, "exemplar": "FFS Algeria, Sudanese Communist Party" }, { "label": "Ambivalent or structural opposition", "score": 0, "exemplar": "GPC Yemen, Mubadara Palestine" }, { "label": "Aligned-leaning opposition", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Some coalition-supporting opposition" }, { "label": "Ruling coalition partner", "score": 7, "exemplar": "State of Law Iraq, RNI Morocco" }, { "label": "Ruling party / establishment", "score": 10, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria, Likud, Mostaqbal Watan, HTS" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "interpretive" }, { "id": "normalization", "name_en": "Normalization with Israel", "name_ar": "التطبيع مع إسرائيل", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Pro-normalization", "neg_label_en": "Anti-normalization", "pos_label_ar": "التطبيع", "neg_label_ar": "رفض التطبيع", "description": "Stance of Arab actors toward diplomatic and economic normalization with Israel.", "display_order": 180, "is_active": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "-10 = rejectionist; treats normalization as treason (Hamas, Hezbollah, Algeria's official line). 0 = conditional on Palestinian statehood (the Arab Peace Initiative). +10 = full open ties (UAE/Bahrain Abraham Accords 2020, Egypt 1979, Jordan 1994). Score the stance toward ties with Israel specifically, not general West-alignment.", "anchor_examples": [], "scope": "arab-actors", "evidence_basis": null }, { "id": "territories", "name_en": "Territories & sovereignty", "name_ar": "السيادة على الأراضي", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Withdrawal / two-state", "neg_label_en": "Annexation / Greater Israel", "pos_label_ar": "الانسحاب وحل الدولتين", "neg_label_ar": "الضم", "description": "Israeli actors' position on the West Bank and Gaza: annexation and settlement vs territorial compromise and a Palestinian state.", "display_order": 190, "is_active": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "-10 = full annexation, no Palestinian state, settlement expansion (Otzma Yehudit, Religious Zionism). 0 = conflict management / status quo. +10 = withdrawal toward the 1967 lines and a two-state settlement (The Democrats, formerly Meretz). Distinct from the broader Palestinian-rights axis — this is the territorial question.", "anchor_examples": [], "scope": "israel", "evidence_basis": null }, { "id": "jewish-arab-equality", "name_en": "Jewish–Arab equality", "name_ar": "المساواة بين اليهود والعرب", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Full civic equality", "neg_label_en": "Ethnonational Jewish state", "pos_label_ar": "مساواة مدنية كاملة", "neg_label_ar": "دولة قومية يهودية", "description": "Within Israel: a Jewish ethnonational state vs full civic equality for Arab/Palestinian citizens.", "display_order": 200, "is_active": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "-10 = Jewish supremacy, loyalty tests, transfer (Otzma Yehudit). 0 = formal equality within a Jewish-and-democratic frame. +10 = a civic \"state of all its citizens\" with full equality (Balad, Hadash). Scores the citizenship/equality model, distinct from the territorial axis.", "anchor_examples": [], "scope": "israel", "evidence_basis": null }, { "id": "monarchism", "name_en": "Monarchical legitimacy", "name_ar": "شرعية النظام الملكي", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Monarchist / dynastic", "neg_label_en": "Republican / anti-dynastic", "pos_label_ar": "ملكي", "neg_label_ar": "جمهوري", "description": "In monarchies (Jordan, Morocco, the Gulf): acceptance of dynastic royal legitimacy vs republican or anti-monarchical challenge.", "display_order": 210, "is_active": false, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "-10 = republican; rejects the throne's legitimacy (Arab-nationalist, revolutionary, or Islamist challengers to the monarchy). 0 = loyal-but-reformist (constitutional-monarchy advocates). +10 = full pro-dynastic loyalism (palace parties, royal courts). N/A in republics.", "anchor_examples": [], "scope": "monarchies", "evidence_basis": null }, { "id": "pan-arab", "name_en": "Pan-Arab vs particularist", "name_ar": "القومية العربية مقابل الخصوصية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "pan-Arab", "neg_label_en": "particularist", "pos_label_ar": "قومية عربية", "neg_label_ar": "خصوصية", "description": "Degree to which the actor frames its politics around pan-Arab solidarity (the Nasserist, Baathist, and contemporary anti-normalization tradition) versus country- or community-specific particularism (sectarian, ethnic, monarchic, or nation-state-first frames). One of the major regional cleavages.", "display_order": 110, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on the pan-Arab vs particularist axis. Positive: actively frames politics around pan-Arab solidarity (Nasserist, Baathist, anti-normalization tradition). Negative: country- or community-specific particularism (sectarian, ethnic, monarchic, nation-state-first frames). A score of 0 marks pragmatic parties without strong pan-Arab framing. Kurdish parties are the dataset's pan-Arab floor; Baathist parties the historical ceiling.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Strongly particularist (ethnic/sectarian/nation-state)", "score": -10, "exemplar": "KDP, PUK, Otzma Yehudit, Religious Zionism, Likud" }, { "label": "Country-first or sectarian", "score": -7, "exemplar": "Lebanese Forces, Yesh Atid, Shas" }, { "label": "Moderate particularism", "score": -3, "exemplar": "Most ruling Maghreb parties" }, { "label": "Pragmatic, neither tradition dominant", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Hezbollah, Hamas" }, { "label": "Some pan-Arab framing", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Islah Yemen, Houthis (behavioral)" }, { "label": "Strong pan-Arab tradition", "score": 7, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria, Fatah, USFP Morocco" }, { "label": "Canonical Baathist / pan-Arab", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Baath Party Syria (historical)" } ], "scope": "arab-actors", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "federalism", "name_en": "Centralism vs federalism", "name_ar": "المركزية مقابل الفيدرالية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "federalist", "neg_label_en": "centralist", "pos_label_ar": "فيدرالي", "neg_label_ar": "مركزي", "description": "Position on state structure: favoring a strong unitary central state versus power-sharing among regions, sects, or ethnic groups. Salient in MENA where Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, and Syria have consociational or federal frames while Egypt, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco are strongly centralist. Kurdish parties and Yemeni southern movements sit at the federalist extreme.", "display_order": 120, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on state structure: centralism vs federalism. Negative: strong unitary state, central authority over regional / sectarian / ethnic divisions. Positive: power-sharing among regions, sects, ethnic groups, or full federal / secessionist position. Iraqi consociational system (since 2005), Lebanese confessional system, Sudanese federalism all sit on the positive side; Egyptian, Tunisian, Algerian centralism on the negative.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Maximal centralism", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Baath Party Syria (historical), Mostaqbal Watan Egypt" }, { "label": "Strong centralism", "score": -7, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria, RND, Likud, FJP Egypt" }, { "label": "Moderate centralism with some autonomy", "score": -3, "exemplar": "Most Maghreb ruling parties" }, { "label": "Pragmatic, no strong position", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Many centrist parties" }, { "label": "Pro-consociational power-sharing", "score": 5, "exemplar": "Hezbollah, Lebanese Forces, Amal" }, { "label": "Strong federalism / autonomy", "score": 8, "exemplar": "STC Yemen (southern secession)" }, { "label": "Full federal / secessionist", "score": 10, "exemplar": "KDP, PUK (Kurdish federalism)" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "iran-posture", "name_en": "Iran posture", "name_ar": "الموقف من إيران", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Pro-Iran / aligned", "neg_label_en": "Anti-Iran / adversarial", "pos_label_ar": "مع إيران", "neg_label_ar": "ضد إيران", "description": "Position toward the Islamic Republic of Iran as a regional actor: alliance, hostility, or neutrality. Independent from West alignment — a party can be anti-Western AND anti-Iran (most Sunni Salafi groups), or pro-Western AND anti-Iran (Saudi, UAE, post-1979 Israel), or anti-Western AND pro-Iran (Hezbollah, Houthis, post-2003 Iraqi Shia parties).", "display_order": 150, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the explicit Iran position: military alignment with Iran or its proxies, diplomatic stance toward Tehran, position on the Iran nuclear file, framing in public rhetoric. Distinct from broader anti-imperialist or pan-Arab framings unless they explicitly include Iran.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Iran framed as existential threat; military preparation explicit.", "score": -10, "anchor": "Likud, Saudi MBS-era posture" }, { "label": "Iran-adversarial; tactical diplomacy.", "score": -5, "anchor": "Egyptian establishment, post-2017 UAE" }, { "label": "Tactical, transactional; varies by issue.", "score": 0, "anchor": "Qatar, pre-Assad-fall Syrian opposition" }, { "label": "Strategic coordination with Iran on regional issues.", "score": 5, "anchor": "Iraqi Coordination Framework parties" }, { "label": "Direct alliance; military integration via IRGC structures.", "score": 10, "anchor": "Hezbollah, Ansar Allah (Houthis), Asaib Ahl al-Haq" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "regional-stance", "name_en": "Regional stance", "name_ar": "الموقف الإقليمي", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Stability/normalization", "neg_label_en": "Resistance/maximalist", "pos_label_ar": "استقرار/تطبيع", "neg_label_ar": "مقاومة/تصعيد", "description": "Posture toward the regional order: the \"Axis of Resistance\" (Iran–Hezbollah–Hamas–Houthis, anti-normalization, armed struggle) at the negative pole vs the normalization / stability camp (Abraham Accords, Gulf–Israel détente, negotiated settlement) at the positive pole. Pro-Palestinian sympathy ALONE does not make an actor \"resistance\" — score toward resistance (−) only for alignment with armed-resistance or anti-normalization politics; an actor that pursues its regional aims THROUGH negotiation and normalization leans positive (+).", "display_order": 60, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor's position on the regional security architecture: aligned with the Iran-led \"axis of resistance\" (high negative) versus aligned with the Saudi/Emirati-led pro-Western Arab consensus (high positive). A neutral score (around 0) captures actors with no clear regional alignment or genuinely non-aligned positions. Note: pan-Arab solidarity has its own axis.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Iran-aligned axis of resistance", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Houthis, Hezbollah, PFLP" }, { "label": "Sympathetic to resistance posture", "score": -5, "exemplar": "State of Law Iraq, PIJ" }, { "label": "Non-aligned or ambivalent", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Many parties in non-frontline states" }, { "label": "Aligned with Saudi/Emirati Sunni consensus", "score": 5, "exemplar": "Islah Yemen, Most Maghreb ruling parties" }, { "label": "Active pro-normalization, anti-Iran", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Religious Zionism, Likud" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "sectarianism", "name_en": "Sectarian power-sharing", "name_ar": "الطائفية السياسية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Post-sectarian / civic state", "neg_label_en": "Consociational / quota system", "pos_label_ar": "دولة مدنية", "neg_label_ar": "محاصصة طائفية", "description": "Position on confessional or sectarian political organisation: Lebanese-style consociational quotas, Iraqi muhasasa, Syrian Alawite-network governance, vs post-sectarian / civic-state framings. Relevant primarily to Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, Bahrain; less so to Egypt or Saudi Arabia where the question does not structurally arise.", "display_order": 170, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the explicit position on confessional/sectarian power-sharing: defense of or push to reform the Taif Accord in Lebanon, the muhasasa system in Iraq, Alawite-network structures in Syria, Sunni-Shia balance in Bahrain. Parties in non-sectarian polities should score null.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Maximum defense of sectarian quotas; existential framing.", "score": -10, "anchor": "Free Patriotic Movement on Christian quotas, Lebanese Forces, Hezbollah on Shia share" }, { "label": "Defends current quotas but open to reform.", "score": -5, "anchor": "Most Lebanese parliamentary parties" }, { "label": "Mixed; tactical positioning.", "score": 0, "anchor": "Iraqi Sadrists oscillation" }, { "label": "Active reform agenda toward de-sectarianisation.", "score": 5, "anchor": "Lebanese October 17 movement parties, Iraqi Tishreen-aligned" }, { "label": "Full secular-civic state; abolition of quota system explicit in platform.", "score": 10, "anchor": "Lebanese Communist Party, some Tishreen parties" } ], "scope": "confessional", "evidence_basis": "declared" }, { "id": "press-freedom", "name_en": "Press freedom", "name_ar": "حرية الصحافة", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Free press", "neg_label_en": "State-controlled press", "pos_label_ar": "صحافة حرة", "neg_label_ar": "صحافة موجهة", "description": "Position on journalism, broadcast media, and digital information access. Distinct from broader civil liberties: a regime can selectively restrict press while allowing other forms of speech (or vice versa). Captures both legal frameworks (defamation law, licensing, internet shutdowns) and political enforcement.", "display_order": 160, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the explicit press-freedom position: press-licensing posture, defamation framework, treatment of independent journalists, treatment of foreign correspondents, position on internet shutdowns or social-media restrictions.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "No legal independent press; journalist detention routine.", "score": -10, "anchor": "Bashar Syria pre-2024, KSA pre-Khashoggi public stance" }, { "label": "Press exists but operates under heavy red lines; selective prosecution.", "score": -5, "anchor": "Egypt under Sisi, post-2017 Saudi public discourse" }, { "label": "Mixed posture; partial freedoms; selective harassment.", "score": 0, "anchor": "Morocco, Jordan" }, { "label": "Broadly free press; some legal constraints but no detention pattern.", "score": 5, "anchor": "Tunisia post-2011, Israel for non-security topics" }, { "label": "Fully free press; constitutional protection plus enforcement.", "score": 10, "anchor": "Tunisian press platforms 2011-2021" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "interpretive" }, { "id": "democracy", "name_en": "Liberal democracy", "name_ar": "الديمقراطية الليبرالية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Strong commitment", "neg_label_en": "Weak/anti", "pos_label_ar": "التزام قوي", "neg_label_ar": "ضعيف/معاد", "description": "Commitment to LIBERAL democracy — independent courts, free press, opposition and minority rights, limits on executive power. NOT mere electoral participation: a party that contests elections but works to weaken the judiciary, entrench ethnic or religious supremacy, or curb minority and dissident rights scores LOW (−). Strong commitment to liberal-democratic checks scores HIGH (+).", "display_order": 40, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on its commitment to democratic norms in the abstract: free elections, peaceful transfer of power, rule of law, judicial independence, freedom of assembly. Distinct from regime-stance (which captures their view of the current regime specifically). An actor can be pro-democratic in principle and anti the current regime simultaneously. Score on the actor's most recent decade of behavior where it diverges from rhetoric.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Anti-democratic, revolutionary", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Houthis (behavioral), Ba'ath Syria (historical)" }, { "label": "Authoritarian, suppresses opposition", "score": -7, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria (behavioral), Hamas (behavioral)" }, { "label": "Hybrid; elections held but constrained", "score": -3, "exemplar": "Most MENA monarchic systems" }, { "label": "Mixed record", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Many regional ruling parties" }, { "label": "Pro-democratic with constraints", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Hezbollah (declared), Likud (declared)" }, { "label": "Strong pro-democratic platform", "score": 7, "exemplar": "Balad, FFS Algeria" }, { "label": "Uncompromising democratic principle", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Some Israeli liberal-left, FFS" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "interpretive" }, { "id": "social", "name_en": "Social", "name_ar": "الاجتماعي", "axis_group": "compass", "pos_label_en": "Libertarian", "neg_label_en": "Authority", "pos_label_ar": "تحرري", "neg_label_ar": "سلطوي", "description": "Personal and moral social freedom — lifestyle, LGBTQ+ rights, individual expression, religion-in-private — permissive (+) vs traditional collective moral authority (−). This axis is about SOCIAL / MORAL liberty, NOT security policy, nationalism, or economics: a party can be nationalist-hawkish yet socially permissive (secular nationalists), or dovish yet socially conservative.", "display_order": 20, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on the degree to which it favors individual autonomy (high positive) versus collective authority and tradition (high negative). Captures stance on personal-life regulation (dress, lifestyle, gender norms), tolerance for dissent, and the role of family and community structures over individual rights. Not the same as state-religion: an actor can favor strong civic-secular authority (authoritarian-secular) and be highly authority-leaning.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Total collective authority over the individual", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Houthis on personal-life regulation" }, { "label": "Strong authority, religious or nationalist", "score": -7, "exemplar": "UTJ, Religious Zionism, Al-Asalah" }, { "label": "Moderate authority-leaning", "score": -3, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria, Mostaqbal Watan" }, { "label": "Balanced civic frame", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Istiqlal Party, Tagammu" }, { "label": "Liberal-leaning, defends personal autonomy", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Hadash, FFS" }, { "label": "Strong libertarian framing", "score": 7, "exemplar": "The Democrats Israel, Egyptian SDP" }, { "label": "Maximal individual autonomy", "score": 10, "exemplar": "No clear MENA exemplar at the pole" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "hybrid" }, { "id": "modernization", "name_en": "Traditionalism vs modernization", "name_ar": "التقليدية مقابل التحديث", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "modernizing", "neg_label_en": "traditionalist", "pos_label_ar": "تحديثي", "neg_label_ar": "تقليدي", "description": "Position on social and institutional modernization versus tradition. Captures stance on issues like womens rights, religious authority in public life, reform of family law, openness to technological and economic transformation. Distinct from the secular-religious axis: an actor can be religious and modernizing (Vision 2030) or secular and traditionalist (state-corporatist nationalism).", "display_order": 130, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on the modernization vs traditionalism axis. Positive: actively pushes modernization (economic transformation, women's rights reform, openness to technological change, separation of religious and civil authority). Negative: tradition-protecting (women's rights restrictive, religious orthodoxy in public life, resistance to economic / social reform). Distinct from state-religion: an actor can be religious AND modernizing (Saudi Vision 2030 framing) or secular AND traditionalist (old FLN-style state corporatism).", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Strict religious orthodoxy, anti-reform", "score": -10, "exemplar": "UTJ, Al-Asalah, Houthis" }, { "label": "Strong traditionalism", "score": -7, "exemplar": "Shas, Religious Zionism, Northern Islamic Movement" }, { "label": "Moderate traditionalism", "score": -3, "exemplar": "Brotherhood-aligned (FJP, Ennahda, Islah)" }, { "label": "Pragmatic, no strong stance", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Some nationalist parties" }, { "label": "Moderate modernization", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Some Maghreb ruling parties" }, { "label": "Strong modernization framing", "score": 6, "exemplar": "Yesh Atid, Free Egyptians, ESDP" }, { "label": "Maximal liberal modernization", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Some Israeli liberal-left (rare ceiling)" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "hybrid" }, { "id": "gender", "name_en": "Gender equality", "name_ar": "المساواة الجندرية", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Gender equality", "neg_label_en": "Patriarchal traditionalism", "pos_label_ar": "المساواة", "neg_label_ar": "تقليدية أبوية", "description": "Position on women's rights, gender roles in public life, family law (personal status, divorce, custody, inheritance), and political representation. Distinct from the broader modernization axis: a party can be tech-modernizing and gender-conservative.", "display_order": 140, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the explicit gender-policy position: women's political participation, personal-status law reform, dress-code policy, employment equality. Religious framings score on the gender-outcome they advocate, not on the framing itself. If the text does not engage gender, return null with reason.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Total restriction on women in public life; rejection of any role beyond household.", "score": -10, "anchor": "ISIS, Taliban, pre-2017 Saudi Mutawa enforcement" }, { "label": "Public participation restricted; family law strongly tilted to male prerogative.", "score": -5, "anchor": "Iranian Guardian Council framework" }, { "label": "Mixed signals; status quo with selective reforms.", "score": 0, "anchor": "Mubarak-era Egypt, AKP Turkey" }, { "label": "Active equality push in public life, personal-status reform in progress.", "score": 5, "anchor": "Saudi Vision 2030 gender reforms, post-2011 Tunisia" }, { "label": "Full legal equality; quotas; affirmative-action language explicit in platform.", "score": 10, "anchor": "Meretz, Tunisian post-2011 women's movements" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "hybrid" }, { "id": "west-alignment", "name_en": "West alignment", "name_ar": "التوجه نحو الغرب", "axis_group": "issue", "pos_label_en": "Pro-Western", "neg_label_en": "Anti-Western", "pos_label_ar": "موال للغرب", "neg_label_ar": "معاد للغرب", "description": "STRATEGIC and security alignment with Western (US/EU) blocs — military cooperation, diplomatic partnership, trade. This is geopolitical orientation, NOT cultural affinity for liberal Western values: a religious-nationalist party can be strongly pro-Western strategically (wants US arms and backing) while rejecting Western liberal social values. Score the strategic posture. Pro-Western (+), anti-Western or hostile-nonaligned (−).", "display_order": 50, "is_active": true, "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "scoring_conventions": "Score the actor on alignment with the Western (primarily US-and-EU-led) international order. Positive: explicitly pro-Western, treaty-aligned, normalization-supporting. Negative: anti-Western, aligned with non-Western powers (Russia, China, Iran), opposes US influence. Score on stated foreign policy and observed alignment behavior. The Palestinian question is on its own axis and should not dominate this score.", "anchor_examples": [ { "label": "Active anti-Western, aligned with Iran/Russia", "score": -10, "exemplar": "Houthis, Hezbollah, PFLP" }, { "label": "Anti-Western posture without full alignment", "score": -7, "exemplar": "State of Law Iraq, Hamas" }, { "label": "Wary of West, prefers non-alignment", "score": -3, "exemplar": "FLN Algeria, Ennahda" }, { "label": "Pragmatic, no strong alignment", "score": 0, "exemplar": "Most centrist parties" }, { "label": "Pragmatically pro-West", "score": 3, "exemplar": "Many Maghreb ruling parties" }, { "label": "Strongly pro-West, NATO-friendly", "score": 7, "exemplar": "Israeli right (Likud, Religious Zionism), Lebanese Forces" }, { "label": "Treaty-bound, deep integration", "score": 10, "exemplar": "Some Gulf normalizers" } ], "scope": "universal", "evidence_basis": "hybrid" } ], "tayyar_aggregate_positions": [ { "id": "d08df99e-f60e-43df-af20-f6cf3ddd901e", 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0.95, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-06T12:46:59.568816+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": "2026-06-11T13:06:20.804737+00:00", "agreement": 1, "rater_status": "settled", "n_raters": 3 }, { "id": "2eb94422-7aca-41b6-9ee5-30ea079c6cc9", "entity_type": "party", "entity_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023", "axis": "pan-arab", "score": -10, "confidence": 0.95, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-06T12:46:59.568816+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": "2026-06-11T13:06:20.804737+00:00", "agreement": 1, "rater_status": "settled", "n_raters": 3 }, { "id": "6f7f4984-547f-4f16-8966-520f039b7433", "entity_type": "party", "entity_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000045", "axis": "pan-arab", "score": -7, "confidence": 0.95, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-06T12:46:59.568816+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", 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"confidence": 0.95, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-05T22:29:57.41234+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": null, "agreement": 1, "rater_status": "settled", "n_raters": 9 }, { "id": "aa6b3466-1faa-4f4b-a9a1-2ec55e913542", "entity_type": "party", "entity_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000032", "axis": "pan-arab", "score": -2.5, "confidence": 0.82, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-06T12:46:59.568816+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": null, "agreement": 0.7, "rater_status": "contested", "n_raters": 10 }, { "id": "1d6d7c08-1a7d-443a-86f2-9c2b34b8d828", "entity_type": "party", "entity_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000032", "axis": "regime-stance", "score": -9, "confidence": 0.91, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-06T12:46:59.568816+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": null, "agreement": 0.9, "rater_status": "settled", "n_raters": 10 }, { "id": "7097a447-02a7-4a66-bf8d-00ba9cdab897", "entity_type": "party", "entity_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000032", "axis": "regional-stance", "score": -10, "confidence": 0.95, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-05T22:29:57.41234+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": null, "agreement": 1, "rater_status": "settled", "n_raters": 10 }, { "id": "457221e9-24ab-4d0d-8a4d-2c070bab74f8", "entity_type": "party", "entity_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000032", "axis": "social", "score": -9, "confidence": 0.91, "sample_size": 0, "computed_at": "2026-06-05T21:45:52.055959+00:00", "source_analysis_ids": [], "lens": "composite", "as_of_date": "2026-06-08", "superseded_at": null, "agreement": 0.9, "rater_status": "settled", "n_raters": 10 } ], "tayyar_party_alliances": [ { "id": "d69500f0-e710-4db6-ac08-0f8a52446f92", "alliance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000050", "member_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000024", "start_year": 2019, "end_year": null, "notes": "Hadash, the senior partner" }, { "id": "de0a07f9-d9db-4826-8d5d-c6980addd339", "alliance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000050", "member_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000040", "start_year": 2019, "end_year": null, "notes": "Ta'al, founded by Ahmad Tibi" }, { "id": "83d09246-a3e4-4730-bb57-ee3a46de0068", "alliance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000042", "member_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000022", "start_year": 2024, "end_year": null, "notes": "Labor merged into The Democrats (2024); its four MKs form the sitting Knesset faction." }, { "id": "cc8c7c6c-2332-462a-8f75-23e76e751469", "alliance_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000042", "member_id": "2c4a6484-920f-4ef7-bfa8-70cfa869ff83", "start_year": 2024, "end_year": null, "notes": "Meretz merged into The Democrats (2024); held no Knesset seats after the 2022 election." } ], "tayyar_bills": [ { "id": "d3ee1ff2-e747-403d-893e-cc3be8bae86c", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People", "title_ar": "חוק יסוד: ישראל - מדינת הלאום של העם היהודי", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2018-07-19", "summary": "Constitutional Basic Law passed by the Knesset establishing Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people. Demoted Arabic from official status to a language with \"special status,\" recognized \"Jewish settlement\" as a national value, and explicitly tied national self-determination to Jewish people only.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "il-nation-state-law", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Sharpened the constitutional asymmetry between Jewish and Arab citizens. Triggered the largest Druze protest in Israeli history. Cited by Israeli left and Arab parties as proof of the rightward constitutional shift; defended by the right as overdue codification.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Law:_Israel_as_the_Nation-State_of_the_Jewish_People", "note": "Passed 2018-07-19, 62-55", "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "fb4e5c46-7828-4dc4-be95-be46651cff9f", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Judicial Reform Package", "title_ar": "חבילת הרפורמות המשפטיות", "status": "struck-down", "introduced_date": "2023-01-04", "summary": "Sweeping legislative package introduced by Justice Minister Yariv Levin to curtail Supreme Court powers — eliminating \"reasonableness\" review of executive decisions, giving the Knesset power to override Court rulings with a simple majority, and politicizing the Judicial Appointments Committee.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "il-judicial-reform-2023", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000048" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Triggered the largest sustained protest movement in Israeli history (March 2023 onwards) and a national strike. First component (reasonableness amendment) passed July 2023 and was struck down by the Supreme Court in January 2024. Remaining components stalled by the October 7 attack and subsequent war.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "cfc23e1e-e2b3-4f74-9ba1-a098848e84d2", "country_id": "TN", "title_en": "2022 Constitution", "title_ar": "دستور تونس 2022", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2022-07-25", "summary": "New Tunisian constitution adopted by referendum on 2022-07-25 with 94% support but only 30% turnout. Replaced the 2014 democratic constitution with a presidentialist system concentrating executive power in the presidency.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "tn-2022-constitution", "bill_type": "referendum", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Codified President Saied's July 2021 power-grab. Marked the formal end of Tunisia's post-2011 democratic experiment. Widely criticized internationally; opposition boycotted the referendum.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Tunisian_constitutional_referendum", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "4bb45512-b89d-488b-800a-cb9ddb7c69fd", "country_id": "EG", "title_en": "Anti-Terror Law of 2015", "title_ar": "قانون مكافحة الإرهاب 2015", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2015-08-16", "summary": "Sweeping Egyptian anti-terrorism law signed by President Sisi giving security forces broad powers to detain suspects without charge, fining journalists who contradict official accounts of attacks, and creating special courts for terrorism cases.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "eg-anti-terror-2015", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000070" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Used extensively to prosecute Brotherhood members, secular activists, and journalists. Human Rights Watch documented thousands of arrests under the law. Codified the consolidated security state under Sisi.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Anti-Terror_Law", "note": "Decree law 94/2015", "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "1dd1245d-c81d-4bb8-8ab0-46aa95074577", "country_id": "EG", "title_en": "Designation of the Muslim Brotherhood as a Terrorist Organization", "title_ar": "تصنيف جماعة الإخوان المسلمين منظمة إرهابية", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2013-12-25", "summary": "Egyptian cabinet decree formally designating the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization, freezing assets and outlawing membership. Followed the August 2013 Rabaa massacre and the imprisonment of senior Brotherhood leadership.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "eg-brotherhood-designation-2013", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Ended the Brotherhood's legal existence in Egypt after eight decades. Freedom and Justice Party (its political wing) was subsequently dissolved (August 2014). Designation has not been reversed.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designation_of_the_Muslim_Brotherhood_as_a_terrorist_organization", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "5a4b6617-ecff-483b-8b0f-b3c616731ad2", "country_id": "SA", "title_en": "Saudi Vision 2030", "title_ar": "رؤية المملكة العربية السعودية 2030", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2016-04-25", "summary": "Strategic transformation framework announced by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman setting goals across the Saudi economy, social policy, and government. Targets include increasing non-oil GDP, raising women's workforce participation, developing tourism, and building megaprojects like NEOM.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "sa-vision-2030", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://www.vision2030.gov.sa/", "impact_summary": "Drove the most significant social liberalization in modern Saudi history: ended the driving ban for women (2018), removed gender segregation requirements in public spaces, opened entertainment venues, and launched a new Saudi tourism industry. Critics note continued political repression alongside economic / social reform.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Vision_2030", "note": "Announced 2016-04-25", "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "f9b56719-a36f-4517-9503-52d5d58da19c", "country_id": "LB", "title_en": "National Pact (1943)", "title_ar": "الميثاق الوطني اللبناني", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "1943-08-01", "summary": "Unwritten political agreement between Lebanon's Maronite Christians and Sunni Muslims that distributed top state offices by religious community: President to a Maronite, Prime Minister to a Sunni, Speaker of Parliament to a Shia. Foundational to Lebanon's confessional power-sharing system.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "lb-confessional-pact-1943", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Remains the structural template of Lebanese politics 83 years on. Codified the constitutional sectarianism that has produced both Lebanon's long stability and its periodic civil conflicts. Modified by Taif Accords (1989) but not replaced.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Pact", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "d8fd0a4d-9c25-447e-b5cc-5266270c32a6", "country_id": "IQ", "title_en": "Iraqi Constitution of 2005", "title_ar": "دستور العراق 2005", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2005-10-15", "summary": "Permanent constitution adopted by Iraqi referendum on 2005-10-15. Established a federal parliamentary republic with a power-sharing system: Prime Minister Shia, President Kurd (largely ceremonial), Speaker Sunni. Recognized Kurdish autonomy via the Kurdistan Region.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "iq-2005-constitution", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Created the consociational framework that has produced both relative Sunni-Shia-Kurd coexistence and the deep dysfunction of Iraqi government formation (months of negotiation after every election). The Sadrist withdrawal of 2022 and the Coordination-Framework government dynamics flow from this constitutional shape.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "dd47dec1-741a-4fd3-9c9e-1cd67bd9f7c1", "country_id": "JO", "title_en": "Jordanian 2011 Constitutional Amendments", "title_ar": "تعديلات الدستور الأردني 2011", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2011-09-25", "summary": "Set of 42 constitutional amendments adopted in response to the Arab Spring. Established a Constitutional Court, restricted the use of State Security Court, and introduced electoral reforms — though without fundamentally shifting executive power away from the monarchy.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "jo-2011-constitutional-amendments", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Defused popular pressure during the Arab Spring without significantly constraining monarchic primacy. Marked the cautious model of monarchic accommodation later echoed in Morocco's 2011 reforms.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Jordan", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "7f57ab44-9b76-4a87-934d-ccbcefd04c0c", "country_id": "MA", "title_en": "Moroccan Constitution of 2011", "title_ar": "دستور المغرب 2011", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2011-07-01", "summary": "New Moroccan constitution adopted by referendum on 2011-07-01 in response to the February 20 Movement protests. Nominally devolved some powers to the Prime Minister (now to be chosen from the largest party) and the parliament. Recognized Berber/Amazigh as an official language.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "ma-2011-constitution", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Defused Moroccan Arab Spring without altering the king's primary executive authority — the king retains command of the armed forces, foreign policy, and religious authority. PJD won the subsequent election; the cycle of constitutional reform-without-real-devolution continued through 2021.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Moroccan_constitutional_referendum", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "543c0e3e-d14c-43f7-ba09-1df44b0ab3d7", "country_id": "AE", "title_en": "UAE Federal Decree-Law No. 27/2020 (Family Law Reforms)", "title_ar": "تعديلات قانون الأسرة الإماراتي 2020", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2020-11-07", "summary": "Sweeping UAE federal decree-law modernizing family, criminal, and civil-status legislation. Decriminalized cohabitation, alcohol consumption by Muslims, and attempted suicide. Strengthened penalties for honor crimes and harassment of women. Allowed expatriates to use their home-country laws for inheritance and divorce.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "ae-family-law-2020", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Major social-liberalization milestone in the Gulf alongside Saudi Vision 2030. Positioned the UAE as a competitive destination for Western expatriates and signaled the broader Gulf reform tradition. Aligns with the 2020 Abraham Accords normalization with Israel.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://u.ae/en/about-the-uae/the-uae-government/government-of-future/major-legal-and-judicial-reforms", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "a5afed7f-5af8-4e85-84cc-2e038c5e967a", "country_id": "SY", "title_en": "Repeal of the 1963 State of Emergency Law", "title_ar": "إلغاء قانون الطوارئ السوري لعام 1963", "status": "repealed", "introduced_date": "2011-04-21", "summary": "Bashar al-Assad's decree lifting the 48-year-old emergency law that had been in force since the Ba'athist 1963 coup. Announced as part of his initial concessions to the protest movement.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "sy-emergency-law-repeal-2011", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Symbolic concession that did nothing to stop the regime's escalating violent response to the uprising. The repeal was followed weeks later by the deployment of armored units against protesters. Cited as evidence of the regime's bad-faith reformist rhetoric.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_uprising_(2011)", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "8fdef9ea-f095-4de3-887a-957777451cbc", "country_id": "KW", "title_en": "Emiri Decree Dissolving National Assembly (2024)", "title_ar": "مرسوم أميري بحل مجلس الأمة 2024", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2024-05-10", "summary": "Emiri decree by Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad dissolving the elected Kuwaiti National Assembly and suspending parts of the constitution for up to four years. Ended Kuwait's tradition of the most vocal elected parliament in the GCC.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "kw-2024-assembly-dissolution", "bill_type": "emergency-decree", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Significantly narrowed political space in Kuwait, which had been the only Gulf state with a meaningful elected parliament able to challenge the executive. Reflects a broader Gulf monarchic consolidation alongside Saudi MBS and UAE MBZ centralization.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshal_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "9d562df1-833b-4e4f-8ca9-a01325d347a9", "country_id": "DZ", "title_en": "Algerian Constitutional Reform of 2020", "title_ar": "تعديل الدستور الجزائري 2020", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2020-11-01", "summary": "New Algerian constitution adopted by referendum on 2020-11-01 with 66% approval but only 24% turnout — the lowest turnout in any Algerian referendum. Introduced limited reforms (term limits, anti-corruption provisions) without addressing core demands of the Hirak protest movement.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "dz-2020-constitution", "bill_type": "referendum", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Marked the formal closure of the Hirak-era window for constitutional change. Tebboune's 2024 re-election with 84% completed the post-Hirak political restoration.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Algerian_constitutional_referendum", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "502462f9-befa-4db2-acda-1b4da7073d8f", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "2024 Amendments to Prevention of Infiltration Law", "title_ar": "تعديلات على قانون منع التسلل 2024", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2024-02-25", "summary": "Israeli legislative amendments extending and intensifying the legal framework for prolonged detention of irregular migrants — primarily African asylum seekers in Tel Aviv. Empowered indefinite administrative detention without judicial review.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "slug": "ps-prevention-of-infiltration-2024", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000048" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Latest in a series of laws targeting African asylum seekers in Israel; defended by the right as border enforcement; criticized by Israeli left as constitutional violation and human-rights breach. Politically aligned with the Religious Zionism / Otzma Yehudit immigration agenda.", "source_citations": [], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:36:21.635972+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "b359e470-9679-498e-877d-2b20dd4aba84", "country_id": "TN", "title_en": "2014 Tunisian Constitution", "title_ar": "دستور تونس 2014", "status": "repealed", "introduced_date": "2014-01-26", "summary": "Tunisian post-revolution constitution adopted on 2014-01-26 after three years of negotiation. Codified Tunisia as a democratic civil state, balanced presidential and parliamentary power, enshrined women's rights and freedom of religion, and won broad cross-ideological acceptance from Ennahda to secular parties.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "tn-2014-constitution", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000110" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Hailed internationally as the most progressive constitution in the Arab world and the foundational achievement of the Tunisian transition. Replaced by Saied's 2022 presidentialist constitution after his 2021 power-grab — the formal end of the post-revolution democratic experiment.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Tunisia", "note": "Adopted 2014-01-26 by National Constituent Assembly", "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "feb63128-994f-4228-8f9f-392c57065571", "country_id": "EG", "title_en": "2014 Egyptian Constitution", "title_ar": "دستور مصر 2014", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2014-01-18", "summary": "New Egyptian constitution adopted by referendum on 2014-01-14/15 with 98.1% approval (38.6% turnout). Replaced the 2012 Morsi-era constitution, restored military prerogatives (10-year shield for the defense minister position), banned religious political parties, and confirmed Egypt as a civil-state framework.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "eg-2014-constitution", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000070" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Codified the post-coup political order: military veto on civilian government, Brotherhood exclusion, and a presidential system that allowed Sisi to consolidate power. The Mostaqbal Watan rise and the consolidation of the security state both proceeded under this constitutional frame.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Egypt", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "c2de1ccf-7f41-4623-9ca0-58c0f0ec6d4c", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Law of Return", "title_ar": "חוק השבות", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "1950-07-05", "summary": "Israeli Basic Law granting every Jew the right to immigrate to Israel and acquire Israeli citizenship. Amended in 1970 to include grandchildren of Jews. Defines who counts as Jewish for the purposes of citizenship; remains a foundational piece of the Jewish-state legal architecture.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "il-law-of-return-1950", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "One of the constitutional pillars of the Israeli state. Underwrites the demographic asymmetry between Jewish and Arab citizenship rights and is the structural anchor for ongoing debates about Israel as Jewish vs. democratic. Has consistently been defended by the right (Likud, Religious Zionism) and contested by anti-Zionist parties (Balad, Hadash).", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Return", "note": "Passed 1950-07-05", "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "0db5de90-a530-4d0d-b7a5-bb60ac74f10e", "country_id": "LB", "title_en": "Taif Agreement", "title_ar": "اتفاق الطائف", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "1989-10-22", "summary": "National-reconciliation agreement signed in Taif, Saudi Arabia on 1989-10-22, ending the Lebanese Civil War. Modified the 1943 National Pact: Christian/Muslim parliamentary representation shifted from 6:5 to equal; presidential powers reduced; cabinet authority strengthened. Authorized continued Syrian military presence (formally ended 2005).", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "lb-taif-1989", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Foundation of the post-war Lebanese political order still in force today. Sectarian power-sharing it codified explains the 30+ years of recurrent governmental dysfunction, the impossibility of structural reform, and the political space Hezbollah occupies as a state-within-the-state.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taif_Agreement", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "d7252cc4-78f5-48fd-b91d-922007880290", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Oslo I Accord", "title_ar": "اتفاقية أوسلو الأولى", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "1993-09-13", "summary": "Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements signed on the White House lawn on 1993-09-13 by Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat. Mutual Israeli-PLO recognition; framework for Palestinian Authority establishment; deferred final-status issues (Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, borders).", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "il-oslo-i-1993", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Foundational document of the Israeli-Palestinian \"peace process.\" The PA structure, the West Bank A/B/C area divisions, and the entire architecture of post-1993 Israeli-Palestinian relations flow from Oslo. The collapse of the process — particularly post-2000 — defines the political space the right (Likud, Religious Zionism) and the Palestinian factions (Fatah, Hamas, PFLP) operate within.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_I_Accord", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "cc781fe3-ad72-4bdd-8e16-c3cc29117ec9", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty (Wadi Araba)", "title_ar": "معاهدة وادي عربة", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "1994-10-26", "summary": "Peace treaty signed at Wadi Araba on 1994-10-26 between Israel and Jordan, the second Arab state (after Egypt) to formally normalize relations with Israel. Established diplomatic recognition, demarcated borders, and addressed water-sharing arrangements.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "il-jo-wadi-araba-1994", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Anchor of the Jordanian foreign-policy orientation since 1994. Increasingly strained by the post-October-7 war and by Jordanian public sentiment; remains formally intact. The treaty's endurance through subsequent regional shocks underwrites Jordan's structural relationship with the Western security architecture.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "5b9c21fd-e3b8-469d-bbb4-088dd7d6f322", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty (post-Camp David)", "title_ar": "معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "1979-03-26", "summary": "Peace treaty signed in Washington on 1979-03-26 following the 1978 Camp David Accords negotiated by Carter, Begin, and Sadat. Israel withdrew from Sinai (completed 1982); Egypt formally recognized Israel; first Arab-Israeli peace treaty.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "il-eg-camp-david-1979", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Permanently changed the regional military balance — removed Egypt from the anti-Israel military coalition. Cost Sadat his life (assassinated 1981) but produced the longest-running Arab-Israeli peace. The Egyptian state's commitment to the treaty has survived three regime transitions (Mubarak, Morsi, Sisi).", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "3d8d90cc-c81a-4037-9de1-9b8ddf6110e6", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Abraham Accords", "title_ar": "اتفاقيات إبراهيم", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2020-09-15", "summary": "Series of normalization agreements between Israel and Arab states signed at the White House on 2020-09-15 (UAE, Bahrain), later joined by Morocco (December 2020) and Sudan (October 2020 - frozen by 2023 civil war). Established diplomatic relations, embassies, trade, and direct flights.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "il-abraham-accords-2020", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Marked the most significant Arab-Israeli normalization wave since the 1979 Egypt-Israel treaty. Saudi-Israel normalization was reportedly close before the October 7 attack, which paused the broader Abraham Accords trajectory. The agreements continue under Netanyahu's government with regional realignment implications around the Iranian axis.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "5f3e1647-5cd1-43b4-b6f9-36ad5b88bd65", "country_id": "SD", "title_en": "Comprehensive Peace Agreement", "title_ar": "اتفاقية السلام الشامل", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2005-01-09", "summary": "Sudanese peace agreement signed in Naivasha, Kenya on 2005-01-09 ending the second Sudanese civil war (1983-2005, ~2 million dead). Created a six-year power-sharing arrangement between the Khartoum government and the southern SPLM, with a referendum on southern independence at the end.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "sd-cpa-2005", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Set the political process that led to South Sudan's independence on 2011-07-09 — the only successful secession in MENA in the modern era. Did not resolve the Darfur conflict; the 2019 Bashir overthrow and subsequent 2023 civil war flow partly from the unfinished political transitions the CPA set in motion.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Agreement", "note": null, "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "49f097a1-c411-49b8-aec7-50215e6f21fd", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Override Bill (proposed; struck down by post-Oct-7 dynamics)", "title_ar": "חוק ההתגברות", "status": "failed", "introduced_date": "2023-01-04", "summary": "Proposed component of the 2023 judicial reform package that would have allowed a Knesset majority of 61 to override Supreme Court decisions, even on Basic-Law-level rulings. Most contentious element of the reform package; central to the protest movement.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "slug": "il-overcoming-supreme-court-2023", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023" ], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Would have removed the only meaningful constitutional check on the Knesset. Suspended in the wake of October 7 and the formation of the unity government; never advanced beyond first reading. Remains a stated goal of Religious Zionism and parts of Likud for any post-war coalition.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform", "note": "Part of the broader package", "field": "introduced_date", "accessed_at": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T14:49:30.634671+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tarek (via agent batch)" }, { "id": "56a9c781-8b7a-4b50-854a-9ff31c426782", "country_id": "BH", "title_en": "Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain (2002)", "title_ar": "دستور مملكة البحرين", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2002-02-14", "summary": "Reframed Bahrain from emirate to constitutional kingdom. Restored an elected lower house (the Council of Representatives) after a 27-year suspension following the 1973 constitution's dissolution; created a 40-member appointed upper house alongside it. The king retained the power to appoint the prime minister and dissolve parliament. Critics — particularly Shia opposition who had organized for the elected 1973 body to return — read it as restoring forms without restoring substance.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "bh-constitution-2002", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://www.legalaffairs.gov.bh", "impact_summary": "Defines current Bahraini political architecture. The 40-40 bicameral split with an appointed Shura Council is the structural reason that no opposition coalition has been able to legislate against royal preference since.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Bahrain_2017", "source": "Constitute Project", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2002/03/13/bahrain-new-constitution-falls-short", "source": "Human Rights Watch", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "a3e96733-82f8-4e4b-a3e6-6936f874b401", "country_id": "LY", "title_en": "Constitutional Declaration of August 2011", "title_ar": "الإعلان الدستوري لشهر أغسطس 2011", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2011-08-03", "summary": "Issued by the National Transitional Council weeks before Qaddafi was killed, this is the document that has governed Libya in the transition that has never ended. It is short — 37 articles — and was meant as a 20-month bridge to a permanent constitution. Fifteen years later the country has neither held the constitutional referendum it called for nor reunified the legislative bodies that emerged from it. Both Tripoli and Tobruk authorities cite this document as their authority; both interpret it differently.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "ly-constitutional-declaration-2011", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://constituteproject.org", "impact_summary": "The legal source of the dual-government period. Every Libyan political dispute since 2014 routes through which provisions of this declaration the contesting party prefers to apply.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Libya_2011", "source": "Constitute Project", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://carnegieendowment.org/2015/02/12/libya-s-constitutional-process-pub-58973", "source": "Carnegie", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "d7a9ff93-414b-4a54-9967-ecebff8a0b70", "country_id": "MR", "title_en": "Constitutional Amendments of 2017", "title_ar": "تعديلات دستورية 2017", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2017-08-05", "summary": "Mauritania's 2017 referendum abolished the Senate, changed the national flag and anthem, and modified language around state institutions. Opposition boycotted the referendum and the chamber whose abolition was at stake; turnout was officially 53.7%. President Ould Abdel Aziz framed it as streamlining government and modernizing national symbols; critics framed it as removing one of the only institutional checks on the presidency.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "mr-constitutional-amendments-2017", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Concentrated legislative authority into a single chamber. Aziz's successor, Ghazouani, inherited a system with one fewer veto point — though both presidents have argued the change improved efficiency.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40846116", "source": "BBC", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/8/6/mauritanians-back-changes-to-constitution-in-referendum", "source": "Al Jazeera", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "8d6c9a71-ed47-4103-b0bd-ed163bd33c64", "country_id": "OM", "title_en": "Basic Statute of the State (2021 revision)", "title_ar": "النظام الأساسي للدولة", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2021-01-11", "summary": "Sultan Haitham's revised Basic Statute — the closest thing Oman has to a constitution — for the first time codified a clear line of succession through the male descendants of Sultan Qaboos's father, and established the role of Crown Prince. Previously, succession had passed through closed family council deliberation. The revision also created a five-year cap on minister tenures and renamed several state institutions.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "om-basic-statute-2021", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Closed a long-standing question about Omani succession that had been a recurring concern of regional analysts during Qaboos's final illness. Made the state's personnel more rotation-bound than under Qaboos's decades-long appointments.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/article/oman-sultan-idUSL1N2JM0DT", "source": "Reuters", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/oman-issues-revised-basic-law-establishes-position-of-crown-prince-1.76571841", "source": "Gulf News", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "09efa0c9-f57f-41c0-83b8-91a6a831408d", "country_id": "PS", "title_en": "Palestinian Basic Law (2003, as amended)", "title_ar": "القانون الأساسي الفلسطيني", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2002-05-29", "summary": "The interim constitution of the Palestinian Authority. The 2003 amendment created the office of prime minister, which Yasser Arafat had resisted — international pressure had wanted a check on the presidency, and Mahmoud Abbas became the first PM. The Basic Law has never been replaced by the permanent constitution it envisions, because the political process that would draft and ratify one has been frozen since 2007.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "ps-basic-law-2003", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "The document the West Bank Palestinian Authority operates under. Hamas governance in Gaza did not formally repudiate it but did not operate under it either. The 2007 institutional split froze the law's evolution.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://muqtafi.birzeit.edu/pg/getleg.asp?id=14138", "source": "Birzeit IOL", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Palestine_2005", "source": "Constitute Project", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "ab71dca7-0de7-4490-a50c-bfaeca5e3be8", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Reasonableness Standard Limitation Bill", "title_ar": "תיקון לחוק יסוד: השפיטה — סבירות", "status": "struck-down", "introduced_date": "2023-07-24", "summary": "Amendment to Basic Law: The Judiciary removing the Supreme Court's ability to strike down government decisions on grounds of \"unreasonableness\". Centerpiece of the 2023 judicial overhaul.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "il-reasonableness-2023", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/About/Lexicon/Pages/Reasonableness.aspx", "impact_summary": "Passed July 24, 2023 against unprecedented opposition. Struck down by the Supreme Court 8-7 in January 2024 — the first time the court invalidated a Basic Law.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israeli_judicial_reform", "note": "Wikipedia", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "3011c137-7407-4e79-bd43-b34633f721fa", "country_id": "QA", "title_en": "Constitutional Amendment for Shura Council Elections (2021)", "title_ar": "تعديل دستوري لانتخابات مجلس الشورى", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2021-10-02", "summary": "Qatar held the first elections in its history for the Shura Council in October 2021, implementing a provision of the 2003 constitution that had sat dormant for eighteen years. Voters elected 30 of 45 seats; the Emir continued to appoint the other 15. Eligibility was restricted to Qataris descended from pre-1930 Qatari nationals — a clause that excluded a significant portion of the country's mostly recently-naturalized Bedouin population and provoked protest from the al-Murra tribe.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "qa-shura-elections-2021", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Qatar's formal step toward elected representation. The restrictive eligibility clause meant the elected body looked more like the existing political establishment than a constituency-broadening reform.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/qataris-vote-first-legislative-elections-2021-10-02/", "source": "Reuters", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/2/qataris-cast-votes-in-first-shura-council-elections", "source": "Al Jazeera", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "68c69164-1513-47aa-9b4e-b44d381be7a2", "country_id": "YE", "title_en": "National Dialogue Conference Outcomes Document (2014)", "title_ar": "وثيقة مخرجات مؤتمر الحوار الوطني", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2014-01-25", "summary": "A 1,400-recommendation document produced by 565 delegates over ten months under the Gulf Initiative transition. It proposed a six-region federal state, expanded women's rights, decentralization of resource revenue, and a permanent constitution. The Houthi delegation walked out before the closing session and rejected the six-region federal proposal as the trigger for the September 2014 Sanaa offensive that ultimately ended the transition. The document is still cited by the internationally recognized government as the basis for any settlement.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "ye-ndc-outcomes-2014", "bill_type": "parliamentary-resolution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "The most ambitious Arab Spring transitional process. Its proposals — federalism, gender quotas, constitutional reform — sit unimplemented and contested as both legitimate and dead-letter, depending on which side cites them.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://osesgy.unmissions.org/national-dialogue-conference", "source": "UN Yemen", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.brookings.edu/articles/yemen-and-the-arab-spring-elite-struggles-state-collapse-and-regional-security/", "source": "Brookings", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "657b1ea5-268f-4e14-ad63-12ae3a074134", "country_id": "MA", "title_en": "Reform of the Moudawana (Family Code, 2004)", "title_ar": "مدونة الأسرة", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2004-02-05", "summary": "The most consequential family-law reform in Arab-state history at the time of its passage. Raised the legal marriage age to 18, required judicial approval for polygamous marriages and a wife's consent, granted women the right to initiate divorce, equalized custody rules, and removed the requirement of a male marital guardian for adult women. King Mohammed VI passed it over Islamist parliamentary opposition; the PJD voted against. It became a reference text for reformers across the region — and a recurring target for conservatives.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "ma-moudawana-2004", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Shifted Moroccan family law toward gender symmetry within an Islamic framework. Subsequent reforms have been incremental — a 2024 amendment process is ongoing — but the 2004 reform set the legal ceiling other Arab states are still working toward.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2004/02/05/morocco-new-family-law-promises-improve-womens-rights", "source": "Human Rights Watch", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2015/12/the-moroccan-family-code-mudawwana-of-2004?lang=en", "source": "Carnegie", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "db9bdb52-a4d3-4229-866d-1b91f2fa69aa", "country_id": "EG", "title_en": "Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt (2014)", "title_ar": "دستور جمهورية مصر العربية", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2014-01-18", "summary": "Drafted by a 50-member committee after the July 2013 removal of Mohamed Morsi and ratified in a January 2014 referendum with 98.1% approval and 38.6% turnout. Replaced the 2012 Morsi-era constitution. Strengthened the military as an autonomous institution (military trials of civilians remained constitutional, the defense minister required military council approval for years to come), restricted religiously-framed parties, and gave broad emergency powers. Sisi was elected president four months after ratification.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "eg-constitution-2014", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "The legal foundation of Sisi-era Egypt. The 2019 amendments extended presidential term limits to allow Sisi to remain in office past 2022; the 2014 charter was both the basis for those amendments and the document that made them possible.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Egypt_2014", "source": "Constitute Project", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25789409", "source": "BBC", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "cf7c3900-5031-49fa-9e61-5b15e2b5d97c", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Reasonableness Standard Amendment (Basic Law: The Judiciary, 2023)", "title_ar": "תיקון עילת הסבירות (חוק יסוד: השפיטה)", "status": "struck-down", "introduced_date": "2023-07-24", "summary": "The first piece of the Netanyahu VI judicial overhaul to pass. Removed the Supreme Court's power to strike down government and ministerial decisions on the grounds of 'unreasonableness' — a doctrine the court had used to overturn appointments and policies it judged outside the bounds of public administration. The Knesset passed it 64-0 after the opposition walked out. Eight months of protests and the army reservists' protest letter preceded the vote.", "created_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "slug": "il-reasonableness-standard-2023", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "The court struck the amendment down 8-7 in January 2024 — the first time it has ever invalidated a Basic Law amendment. The ruling itself became a new center of constitutional dispute, with the governing coalition rejecting its legitimacy.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-passes-first-major-judicial-overhaul-bill-into-law-limiting-court-on-reasonableness/", "source": "Times of Israel", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" }, { "url": "https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-01-01/ty-article/.premium/israels-high-court-strikes-down-reasonableness-law/", "source": "Haaretz", "retrieved": "2026-06-06" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-06T18:38:18.68686+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "first-pass" }, { "id": "e9a52ba2-1d8b-413d-b83d-0ab87a4b4070", "country_id": "LB", "title_en": "Capital Controls Law", "title_ar": "قانون رؤوس الأموال", "status": "failed", "introduced_date": "2022-06-15", "summary": "Draft law to formalize withdrawal limits and capital restrictions imposed informally by Lebanese banks after the 2019 financial collapse.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "lb-capital-controls-2022", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Multiple draft versions failed to pass parliament; informal bank-level controls remained the de facto regime through the 2024 war.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932023_Lebanese_liquidity_crisis", "note": "Wikipedia", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "1644e56d-b310-47ee-8558-1f7fccb56eeb", "country_id": "LB", "title_en": "Banking Secrecy Reform Law", "title_ar": "قانون رفع السرية المصرفية", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2022-10-26", "summary": "Amended Lebanon's 1956 banking secrecy law to allow government authorities access to bank records as a precondition for IMF rescue talks.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "lb-banking-secrecy-2022", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Considered a milestone for transparency; criticized as too narrow by reform advocates and over-broad by the banking sector.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-parliament-passes-banking-secrecy-amendment-key-imf-deal-2022-10-26/", "note": "Reuters", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "71818f99-1755-4cf1-ae0e-575ee2c3f5e3", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Haredi Conscription Bill", "title_ar": "חוק גיוס חרדים", "status": "in-committee", "introduced_date": "2024-06-25", "summary": "Government bill responding to a Supreme Court ruling that ended the de facto exemption of Haredi yeshiva students from IDF service. Contested within Netanyahu's coalition.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "il-haredi-conscription-2024", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Both UTJ and Shas threatened to leave the coalition if the bill's exemption schedule was too narrow; legislative path remained uncertain through 2025.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Forces#Haredi_recruitment", "note": "Wikipedia", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "36d41406-c961-4765-aea8-c93c9752138a", "country_id": "EG", "title_en": "New Administrative Capital Establishment", "title_ar": "إنشاء العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2015-03-13", "summary": "Presidential decree authorizing the construction of Egypt's New Administrative Capital — a $58B mega-project east of Cairo intended to house government, parliament, and the presidential palace.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "eg-new-admin-capital-2015", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "The capital became one of the defining vanity-project legacies of the Sisi era; partial relocation began 2024-2025 amid severe economic strain.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Administrative_Capital", "note": "Wikipedia", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "743b4582-65c0-4908-ab61-27255c95df71", "country_id": "IQ", "title_en": "Personal Status Law Amendment (2025)", "title_ar": "تعديل قانون الأحوال الشخصية", "status": "passed-and-signed", "introduced_date": "2025-01-21", "summary": "Amendment empowering Iraq's Shia and Sunni religious endowments to handle personal-status matters (marriage, custody) — moving family law away from the 1959 unified civil code.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "iq-personal-status-2025", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Critics described it as effectively legalising child marriage by deferring to religious authorities; supporters framed it as religious autonomy.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-passes-controversial-amendments-personal-status-law-2025-01-21/", "note": "Reuters", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "f41ddd89-c8e9-4acc-b833-a5810d65bb75", "country_id": "SY", "title_en": "Transitional Constitutional Declaration", "title_ar": "الإعلان الدستوري الانتقالي", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2025-03-13", "summary": "Five-year transitional constitution issued by Ahmad al-Sharaa establishing the legal framework for post-Assad Syrian governance. Names Islam as the religion of the head of state and Islamic jurisprudence as a main source of legislation.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "sy-transitional-declaration-2025", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Replaces Assad-era constitutional documents. Concentrates executive power in the presidency for the transition period; provides for a People's Assembly with one-third presidentially appointed.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_interim_constitution", "note": "Wikipedia", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "b72fc19f-e93d-4ec8-a64f-6686cc38e7c6", "country_id": "TN", "title_en": "2022 Tunisian Constitution", "title_ar": "دستور تونس 2022", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2022-07-25", "summary": "New constitution promulgated by President Kais Saied after a referendum boycotted by major opposition parties. Concentrates executive power and weakens parliamentary checks.", "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:00.968148+00:00", "slug": "tn-constitution-2022", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [], "official_url": null, "impact_summary": "Replaced the 2014 democratic constitution. Saied gained near-total control over the legislature and judiciary; opposition leaders subsequently arrested through 2023-2024.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Tunisian_constitution", "note": "Wikipedia", "field": "summary", "accessed_at": "2026-06-07" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "e59d2c5b-42d0-4b8e-b937-d6c09913fc81", "country_id": "TN", "title_en": "Decree-Law 54 of 2022 (Information and Communication Networks)", "title_ar": "المرسوم عدد 54 لسنة 2022", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2022-09-13", "summary": "Presidential decree issued by Kais Saied criminalizing the production, dissemination, or spread of \"false information\" or \"false news\" intended to harm \"public security\" or \"national defense.\" Five-year prison sentences plus 50,000 dinar fines; ten years if directed at a \"public official.\"", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:01:23.669365+00:00", "slug": "tn-decree-law-54-2022", "bill_type": "emergency-decree", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://www.legislation.tn/sites/default/files/decretlois/2022/decretloi2022-54fr.pdf", "impact_summary": "Used to prosecute journalists, opposition politicians, lawyers, and union leaders for social media posts critical of Saied's government. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the Tunisian Journalists Syndicate (SNJT), and the National Bar Association have all condemned it as the principal legal instrument of post-25-July-2021 political repression in Tunisia. As of 2024 at least 60 prosecutions reported.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/04/tunisia-presidents-new-decree-criminalizes-political-expression", "note": "HRW analysis of the decree, 4 Oct 2022" }, { "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/03/tunisia-decree-54-decimating-freedom-of-expression/", "note": "Amnesty International report, March 2023" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "8ff7ee70-ec6e-46fd-947a-43792158368a", "country_id": "SA", "title_en": "Personal Status Law 2022 (Royal Decree M/73)", "title_ar": "نظام الأحوال الشخصية", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2022-03-08", "summary": "First codification of Saudi family law (marriage, divorce, custody, inheritance) into a written statute. Previously these matters were adjudicated through judges' direct interpretation of Sharia. The law largely codifies prevailing Hanbali doctrine but introduces some procedural reforms — written marriage contracts, minimum-age rules (though no hard floor), khul' divorce framework, and codified custody criteria.", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:01:23.669365+00:00", "slug": "sa-personal-status-law-2022", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://www.boe.gov.sa/ViewSystemDetails.aspx?lang=en&SystemID=505", "impact_summary": "A signal step in MBS's Vision 2030 modernization program. International women's-rights organizations welcomed the codification as a clarity gain but flagged that male guardianship remains in marriage contracts and that the law preserves polygyny without restriction. Pairs with the 2019 Guardianship reforms (women over 21 can travel, register births, obtain ID without male approval) as part of the same regulatory liberalization.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/24/saudi-arabia-new-personal-status-law", "note": "HRW analysis, 24 Jun 2022" }, { "url": "https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2022/04/saudi-arabias-new-personal-status-law-a-step-toward-codification", "note": "Carnegie analysis, April 2022" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "eaa6b56f-35ad-4015-9941-8ed1d77c612d", "country_id": "JO", "title_en": "Cybercrimes Law 2023", "title_ar": "قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2023-08-12", "summary": "Replaces Jordan's 2015 cybercrime law with significantly expanded criminal provisions: vague offenses like \"spreading false news,\" \"stirring up sedition,\" \"undermining national unity,\" or \"contempt of religion\" online. Sentences include 3 months to 3 years for many speech offenses, plus 5,000-20,000 dinar fines. Authorizes warrantless monitoring orders.", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:01:23.669365+00:00", "slug": "jo-cybercrimes-law-2023", "bill_type": "law", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://leg.jo/sites/default/files/2024-08/Cybercrime%20Law%20No.%2017%20of%202023.pdf", "impact_summary": "Approved by Parliament in August 2023 and signed by King Abdullah II within days. Triggered the largest opposition coordination in years — Jordanian Bar Association, Press Association, Engineers' Association, and civil-society coalitions all opposed. UN special rapporteurs warned the law fails international standards. Used by 2024 to prosecute social-media users critical of Jordan's position on the Gaza war.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/08/jordan-king-must-veto-amended-cybercrime-law-that-would-decimate-online-freedoms/", "note": "Amnesty International, August 2023" }, { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/15/jordan-new-cybercrimes-law-poses-grave-threat-rights", "note": "HRW analysis, 15 Aug 2023" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "953436bc-3a5d-48f3-bf79-491ec258ceff", "country_id": "AE", "title_en": "Federal Decree-Law 41 of 2022 (Personal Status for Non-Muslims)", "title_ar": "المرسوم بقانون اتحادي رقم 41 لسنة 2022", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2022-10-03", "summary": "Creates a parallel civil personal-status regime for non-Muslims resident in the UAE — civil marriage, equal-share inheritance, joint custody, no-fault divorce. Applies across all seven emirates. The Sharia-based personal-status code continues to govern Muslims by default.", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:01:23.669365+00:00", "slug": "ae-personal-status-non-muslims-2022", "bill_type": "executive-order", "party_ids": [], "official_url": "https://uaelegislation.gov.ae/en/legislations/1773", "impact_summary": "A signature MBZ-era reform positioning the UAE as the Gulf's most legally permissive environment for expatriates and non-Muslim residents. Civil marriage at the UAE Court of First Instance has been widely used since the law took effect. Frequently cited as a soft-power instrument in UAE competition with Saudi Arabia.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2022/11/uae-new-personal-status-law", "note": "Baker McKenzie analysis, November 2022" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "485becf5-16db-4b57-9682-9ebd8162b0a4", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Basic Law: Israel — the Nation State of the Jewish People", "title_ar": "قانون أساس: إسرائيل – الدولة القومية للشعب اليهودي", "status": "enacted", "introduced_date": "2018-07-19", "summary": "Declares Israel \"the nation state of the Jewish People\" and national self-determination \"exclusive to the Jewish People\"; names a complete and united Jerusalem the capital; makes Hebrew the language of the state and downgrades Arabic to \"special status\"; elevates Jewish settlement to \"a national value.\" Passed 62-55-2 on 19 July 2018; entrenched as a Basic Law and upheld by the Supreme Court in July 2021.", "created_at": "2026-06-11T07:16:16.149662+00:00", "slug": "nation-state-law", "bill_type": "constitution", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020" ], "official_url": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawNationState.pdf", "impact_summary": "The constitutional capstone of the Israeli national-right project under the Netanyahu/Likud government; read by critics as subordinating the Arab minority. Anchors Likud and the Israeli right on the Palestinian-question and civil-liberties axes.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawNationState.pdf", "note": "Knesset official English translation" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null }, { "id": "11fec2fb-1e53-4afd-bb01-fcea9693819e", "country_id": "IL", "title_en": "Reasonableness Standard Law — Basic Law: The Judiciary (Amendment No. 3)", "title_ar": "تعديل قانون أساس: القضاء – إلغاء معيار المعقولية", "status": "struck-down", "introduced_date": "2023-07-24", "summary": "Added §15(d1) to Basic Law: The Judiciary, stripping all courts — including the High Court of Justice — of jurisdiction to review the \"reasonableness\" of decisions by the government, prime minister or ministers. The first enacted piece of the 2023 judicial overhaul led by Justice Minister Yariv Levin; passed 64-0 with the opposition boycotting.", "created_at": "2026-06-11T07:16:16.149662+00:00", "slug": "reasonableness-law", "bill_type": "constitutional-amendment", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020" ], "official_url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-10-24/israel-legislation-abolishes-reasonableness-as-a-standard-for-judicial-review-of-governments-decisions/", "impact_summary": "Removed a core judicial check on the executive. Struck down by the Supreme Court on 1 January 2024 (8-7) — the first time an Israeli Basic Law was invalidated, on separation-of-powers grounds.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-10-24/israel-legislation-abolishes-reasonableness-as-a-standard-for-judicial-review-of-governments-decisions/", "note": "US Library of Congress Global Legal Monitor" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null } ], "tayyar_events": [ { "id": "bb0822dc-eb7d-40d8-a540-6d90c242b247", "event_type": "party-formed", "event_date": null, "date_precision": "year", "confidence": "reported", "country_id": "IL", "party_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000600" ], "politician_ids": [ "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000400" ], "title": "Eisenkot launches Yashar!", "description": "Former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot announced the formation of a new centrist political party, Yashar! (Hebrew: ישר, \"straight\" / \"upright\"), positioning himself as a security-centrist alternative ahead of the next Knesset election. 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Turnout was about 32 percent and the IAF stayed well short of a majority.", "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Jordanian_general_election" } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "created_at": "2026-06-11T07:16:16.149662+00:00" } ], "tayyar_quotes": [ { "id": "b2940ab3-7b1b-4cef-834a-5e18c78df1b0", "politician_id": "164dd9bd-fcc5-4a90-9069-1b34e652e5a4", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Democracy is not a Western invention; it is a universal human value.", "quote_text_ar": "الديمقراطية ليست اختراعاً غربياً، بل قيمة إنسانية كونية.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Frequent framing across post-2011 public commentary defending an electoral-Islamist commitment to participating in Tunisian competitive politics rather than imposing a single-party project.", "spoken_year": 2012, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi", "note": "Wikipedia biography; the framing recurs across his post-2011 commentary" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennahda", "note": "Wikipedia — Ennahda movement, references its democratic-Islamist position" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:32.258356+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "bb31df7f-7904-4fa3-8aea-bdb7c4f930cb", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We are returning to what we were before — a country of moderate Islam open to all religions and to the world.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "2017 Future Investment Initiative (\"Davos in the desert\") in Riyadh — the speech that introduced Vision 2030 to a global investor audience.", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/24/i-will-return-saudi-arabia-moderate-islam-crown-prince", "note": "The Guardian, FII Riyadh coverage, 24 October 2017" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman", "note": "Wikipedia biography, Vision 2030 section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:12:54.585722+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "f6d84b49-0211-4931-b00d-d0219810e414", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000417", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I am a Syrian, I'm made in Syria, I have to live in Syria and die in Syria.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "2013 BBC interview with Jeremy Bowen during the Syrian civil war. Pushback against international pressure for him to step down or accept exile.", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad", "note": "Wikipedia biography, references the February 2013 BBC interview" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bashar-al-Assad", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:32.258356+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "1586d638-adaf-4c21-8517-91f11cc00db4", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "When citizens are killed in their homes and their land, all the rules change.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "כאשר אזרחים נהרגים בבתיהם ובאדמתם, כל הכללים משתנים.", "context_en": "October 8, 2023 televised address — the morning after the Hamas attack on southern Israel. Frames the subsequent Israeli military campaign as a categorical shift, not a routine response.", "spoken_year": 2023, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/event-statement-pm-08102023", "note": "Israel PMO official transcript of the 8 October 2023 statement" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war", "note": "Wikipedia — Gaza war page citing the address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:12:54.585722+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "1a1ec94f-2480-4749-94d8-ca648a953d9e", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000213", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The time has come to be landlords in our country. We have to restore deterrence, we have to be the masters of the situation.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "הגיע הזמן להיות בעלי בית בארץ שלנו. צריך להחזיר את ההרתעה, צריך להיות אדוני המצב.", "context_en": "November 1 2022 election-night address after the party's breakthrough into the Knesset as a senior coalition partner — the speech that previewed the new National Security ministry's posture.", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2022 election victory section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "b58e3258-18b6-449f-94d8-35ff768f594d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000372", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Twice in history we have lost our national home precisely because the leaders of the generation were unable to sit with one another and find a compromise.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "פעמיים בהיסטוריה איבדנו את הבית הלאומי שלנו דווקא משום שמנהיגי הדור לא הצליחו לשבת זה עם זה ולמצוא פשרה.", "context_en": "June 13 2021 Knesset address swearing in the eight-party \"change government\" — the rhetorical pivot framing coalition-building with the left and centre as an act of Jewish historical responsibility.", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali_Bennett", "note": "Wikipedia biography, prime ministership section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "59ffac3a-5f30-4ba9-8ee2-6a71c4f4d4b7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "What happened in the last 30 years is not Saudi Arabia. What happened in the region in the last 30 years is not the Middle East. After the Iranian revolution in 1979, people wanted to copy this model in different countries.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "April 2018 interview with Jeffrey Goldberg of The Atlantic — the most-cited framing of the modernisation thesis underlying Vision 2030.", "spoken_year": 2018, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/", "note": "The Atlantic, Jeffrey Goldberg interview, April 2018" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman", "note": "Wikipedia biography, modernisation thesis context" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "0e4031b1-6f9a-4cde-9bfe-aee6bd1c159e", "politician_id": "10da583b-462e-4ba8-9fde-fbe657c6bf62", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "A new war is in nobody's interest. Certainly not in ours. Who wants to face a nuclear power with four kalashnikovs?", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "October 2018 interview with Francesca Borri of La Repubblica from inside Gaza — the first sit-down with a Western journalist by the newly installed Hamas leader in the Strip.", "spoken_year": 2018, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar", "note": "Wikipedia biography, references the La Repubblica interview" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "4246d3cb-b906-48a1-90fb-33ae61e1d425", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Red lines don't lead to war; red lines prevent war.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UN General Assembly, 27 Sep 2012. The cartoon-bomb speech: Netanyahu drew a red line on a literal cartoon bomb to argue Iran must be stopped before reaching the final stage of weapons-grade uranium enrichment. Became one of the most-circulated UN moments of the decade.", "spoken_year": 2012, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/speechun27092012", "note": "Israeli Prime Minister's Office English transcript", "accessed_at": "2026-06-08" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-08T11:33:47.506983+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "cf04f409-98f3-440a-b2a2-74979f5bbb7a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000418", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "It should not be called the Security Council, it should be called the Terror Council.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UN General Assembly, 23 Sep 2009 — Gaddafi's only address to the UN. He spoke for 96 minutes, tore the UN Charter, and called the Security Council illegitimate. Became one of the strangest debate moments in UN history.", "spoken_year": 2009, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/64/LY_en.pdf", "note": "UN gadebate canonical English text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-08" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-08T11:33:47.506983+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "20550286-3928-484d-b19c-9bef85f34d1f", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "As a Muslim leader, let me say clearly that we are committed to defending the rights, the precious heritage, and the historic identity of the Christian people of our region.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UN General Assembly, 20 Sep 2022 (77th session). Hashemite Custodianship of Jerusalem's Muslim AND Christian holy sites — a distinctly Jordanian framing of regional pluralism.", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/jo_en.pdf", "note": "UN gadebate official transcript", "accessed_at": "2026-06-08" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T11:33:47.506983+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "538894ad-8b03-4205-a566-82b5f40ad775", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Jerusalem […] has always been, and is today, the eternal capital of the State of Israel and the heart of the Jewish people.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yitzhak Rabin — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (1994)", "spoken_year": 1994, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8defe183-9c24-478b-8c0b-c877c8025d01", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The fighting fronts are open on all the fronts that you can imagine, and Israelis must wait for our response on land, sea and air.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Speech on Al-Manar TV, 3 Nov 2023, four weeks into the Gaza war. Nasrallah's first major address after Oct 7 — kept Hezbollah's direct entry into the war deliberately ambiguous.", "spoken_year": 2023, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/3/hezbollahs-nasrallah-praises-october-7-attack-as-historic-success", "note": "Al Jazeera English coverage with verbatim quotes", "accessed_at": "2026-06-08" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T11:33:47.506983+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "170477ee-2d39-42cf-b6f0-ae5ebfc0dd10", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The modern, advanced Israel admired from afar, and the Israel that Palestinians have experienced firsthand simply cannot co-exist. Israel will eventually be entirely one or the other.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UN General Assembly, 24 Sep 2024 (79th session). One of the sharpest Hashemite formulations of the Israel-democracy paradox in nearly a quarter-century at the UN podium — delivered nearly a year into the Gaza war.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://rhc.jo/en/media/media-post/remarks-his-majesty-king-abdullah-ii-79th-session-united-nations-general-assembly", "note": "Royal Hashemite Court official text", "accessed_at": "2026-06-08" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T11:33:47.506983+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "05b07f7c-931a-4572-97ef-f24d00ec2e70", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Saudi Arabia does not want to acquire any nuclear bomb, but without a doubt, if Iran developed a nuclear bomb, we would follow suit as soon as possible.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "A 60 Minutes interview with Norah O'Donnell, aired 19 Mar 2018, ahead of a first official US visit as Crown Prince — on the Saudi response to Iran's nuclear program.", "spoken_year": 2018, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/saudi-crown-prince-mohammed-bin-salman-60-minutes-interview/", "note": "CBS News 60 Minutes interview transcript", "accessed_at": "2026-06-08" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-08T11:33:47.506983+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "fddc19cc-f198-48ca-aa7e-d9c470edf1d2", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "[The State of Israel] will be open for Jewish immigration and for the Ingathering of the Exiles.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (1948)", "spoken_year": 1948, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5ea52990-6bd9-4250-9e21-aaaa81ef8290", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "It will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (1948)", "spoken_year": 1948, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c47c1db9-d39c-4902-bc2c-c1f287418e4d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "This right is the natural right of the Jewish people to be masters of their own fate, like all other nations, in their own sovereign State.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (1948)", "spoken_year": 1948, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "bb2bb1d7-3fe2-4e3c-acb0-a17ae8ea011e", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The Arab-Israeli conflict remains the heart of instability in the Middle East.", "quote_text_ar": "ما زال الصراع العربي/الإسرائيلي جوهر عدم الاستقرار في الشرق الأوسط.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egyptian presidential address to the UN General Assembly 71st session, 20 September 2016 — restating the Mubarak-era Egyptian diplomatic position that the Arab-Israeli conflict is the regional first-order problem.", "spoken_year": 2016, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "note": "Al-Masry Al-Youm reproduction of the Egyptian Presidency's official statement of the UNGA address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T18:05:13.846736+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T17:58:42.13875+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "057481e4-7f3b-45d3-942d-e94ce62b16fb", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We extend our hand to all neighboring states and their peoples in an offer of peace and good neighborliness.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (1948)", "spoken_year": 1948, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2da8964f-69c5-45db-97f7-08d234a0ba97", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000371", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The only way for Israelis to have security is, quite simply, to end the 35-year-old Israeli occupation of Palestinian territory.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Marwan Barghouti — \"Want Security? End the Occupation\" (Washington Post op-ed, 2002)", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/01/16/want-security-end-the-occupation/6d95b7aa-48bd-43e8-9698-e35331460ffb/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "bb6e9198-d164-4f07-adcb-b992c0e389c2", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000282", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I announce hereby my final retirement from political work.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Handwritten letter posted to social media at the height of the August 2022 Iraqi political standoff over forming a government after the October 2021 election. The letter prompted supporters to storm the Republican Palace within hours.", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr", "note": "Wikipedia biography, August 2022 political crisis section" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muqtada-al-Sadr", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "5fa7f7ad-a1be-4127-9e5c-6b7a359875d9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000371", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We Palestinians have recognized Israel on 78 percent of historic Palestine.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Marwan Barghouti — \"Want Security? End the Occupation\" (Washington Post op-ed, 2002)", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/01/16/want-security-end-the-occupation/6d95b7aa-48bd-43e8-9698-e35331460ffb/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "65e52381-28b1-477b-890a-0ee609495741", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000371", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I am not a terrorist, but neither am I a pacifist.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Marwan Barghouti — \"Want Security? End the Occupation\" (Washington Post op-ed, 2002)", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/01/16/want-security-end-the-occupation/6d95b7aa-48bd-43e8-9698-e35331460ffb/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "baac863e-9707-4fce-a977-8b83478bb132", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000371", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I do not seek to destroy Israel but only to end its occupation of my country.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Marwan Barghouti — \"Want Security? End the Occupation\" (Washington Post op-ed, 2002)", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2002/01/16/want-security-end-the-occupation/6d95b7aa-48bd-43e8-9698-e35331460ffb/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c0440e13-c819-4fb5-849f-09bb3e2349e0", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "There is no happiness for anyone at the cost of others' misery.", "quote_text_ar": "لا سعادة لأحد على حساب شقاء الآخرين.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "The first of Sadat's \"five truths\" — opening principle of his 20 November 1977 Knesset address, the Egyptian peace initiative.", "spoken_year": 1977, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/خطاب-الرئيس-أنور-السادات-أمام-الكنيست", "note": "Institute for Palestine Studies interactive archive — verbatim Arabic transcript" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:56.226094+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:56.226094+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "64bb86fb-3c0a-4a26-94de-f699d45a69c5", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I have not spoken and will not speak with two tongues; I have not dealt and will not deal with two policies.", "quote_text_ar": "إنني لم أتحدث ولن أتحدث بلُغَتَيْن، ولم أتعامل ولن أتعامل بسياستَيْن.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "The second of Sadat's \"five truths\" — declaration of single-track diplomacy delivered at the Knesset, 20 November 1977.", "spoken_year": 1977, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/خطاب-الرئيس-أنور-السادات-أمام-الكنيست", "note": "Institute for Palestine Studies interactive archive — verbatim Arabic transcript" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:56.226094+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:56.226094+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "07bee4c6-f67b-41ab-b709-5a5c777b6963", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I have come to you so that together we may build a permanent, just peace — so that not a single drop of blood is shed from an Arab or Israeli body.", "quote_text_ar": "لقد جئت إليكم لكي نبني معاً السلام الدائم، العادل، حتى لا تُراق نقطة دم واحدة من جسد عربي أو إسرائيلي.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mission statement at the close of Sadat's 20 November 1977 Knesset address, after explicit rejection of a separate or partial Egyptian peace.", "spoken_year": 1977, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/خطاب-الرئيس-أنور-السادات-أمام-الكنيست", "note": "Institute for Palestine Studies interactive archive — verbatim Arabic transcript" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:56.226094+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T20:39:56.226094+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "1c3699e3-863b-4de8-b3de-506a9de58d9d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Tunisia is in a state of war against itself — against thieves who looted its wealth.", "quote_text_ar": "تونس في حالة حرب ضد نفسها، وضد لصوص نهبوا ثرواتها.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "July 25, 2021 announcement freezing parliament and dismissing the prime minister under invocation of Article 80 emergency powers, the start of the post-2021 political reordering.", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kais_Saied", "note": "Wikipedia biography, July 2021 self-coup section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:32.258356+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "4f9c28c5-aae3-46e2-8dca-6519255d0c62", "politician_id": "b0f6b75e-e779-4151-bda7-f4b7ed8fa813", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We have decided to take a bold step, even though we know that this step has serious risks attached to it.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "June 2021 speech announcing the entry of an Arab-Israeli Islamist party into the Bennett-Lapid coalition government — the first time an Arab party formally joined an Israeli cabinet.", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansour_Abbas", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2021 coalition entry section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:12:54.585722+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "9f4155fa-43e9-44b7-87cd-6965237b28d7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "May your house be destroyed.", "quote_text_ar": "يخرب بيتك.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "January 14 2018 PLO Central Council address — an Arabic colloquial curse directed at the US president after the recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital, broadcast live across regional networks.", "spoken_year": 2018, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas", "note": "Wikipedia biography, January 2018 PLO Central Council address section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "07657313-b229-45c3-86a2-0f83a5bb103a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We are open to dialogue with our neighbours to resolve all outstanding issues, but we will not accept any infringement on our sovereignty.", "quote_text_ar": "إننا منفتحون على الحوار مع جيراننا لحل كل القضايا العالقة، لكننا لن نقبل أي مساس بسيادتنا.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "July 21 2017 televised address from Doha, six weeks into the Saudi-led blockade — the response to the thirteen demands delivered through Kuwait.", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "f4c48f68-a471-43ad-adb5-c4a0f9762302", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "quote_text_en": "The restoration of the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian state, within the framework of Islamic principles.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FLN — Proclamation of 1 November 1954 (founding charter of the Algerian revolution)", "spoken_year": 1954, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/1954/proclamation.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "fed2b9fe-f14d-425e-a735-a4b86ad8e9a3", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "quote_text_en": "The respect of all fundamental liberties without distinction of race or religion.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FLN — Proclamation of 1 November 1954 (founding charter of the Algerian revolution)", "spoken_year": 1954, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/1954/proclamation.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4bf5309f-cbb3-495d-82d8-cabe7a4c9e8f", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "quote_text_en": "The realization of North African unity within its natural Arabo-Islamic framework.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FLN — Proclamation of 1 November 1954 (founding charter of the Algerian revolution)", "spoken_year": 1954, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/1954/proclamation.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f4f09e12-a17b-4632-820e-3a56ac6d3694", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "quote_text_en": "[Means of struggle:] the continuation of the struggle by all possible means until the realization of our goal.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FLN — Proclamation of 1 November 1954 (founding charter of the Algerian revolution)", "spoken_year": 1954, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/1954/proclamation.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "42e3f9ff-c70a-46d7-a4dc-e24da2b4d77a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Jerusalem must remain the united capital of Israel with continued religious freedom for all faiths.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Israeli prime minister's Bar-Ilan University address, 14 June 2009 — the Jerusalem position alongside the conditional acceptance of a demilitarized Palestinian state.", "spoken_year": 2009, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/13614/netanyahus-speech-bar-ilan-university", "note": "Official PMO English text, palquest archive (sourced to Ha'aretz 14 June 2009)" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "82d42043-72ad-40ee-a8a4-72e3dd1e2598", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Hamas rejects any alternative to the full and complete liberation of Palestine, from the river to the sea.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Article 20 of the Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles and Policies — the maximalist territorial framing that sits alongside the 1967-borders \"national consensus formula\" in the same paragraph.", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "note": "Official Hamas English edition, JVL republication" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "f3a2ee1f-4231-4480-9c30-0a8d7f48818c", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Hamas considers the establishment of a fully sovereign and independent Palestinian state, with Jerusalem as its capital along the lines of the 4th of June 1967, to be a formula of national consensus.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Article 20 of the Hamas 2017 Document — the 1967-borders pragmatic clause inside the same article as the river-to-sea framing.", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "note": "Official Hamas English edition, JVL republication" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "1cf660e1-a326-4541-b597-d0e7bd63b810", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "At the heart of these lies armed resistance, which is regarded as the strategic choice for protecting the principles and the rights of the Palestinian people.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Article 25 of the Hamas 2017 Document — codifies armed resistance as the strategic, not tactical, foundation of the movement.", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "note": "Official Hamas English edition, JVL republication" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "ad8c7fdf-d8fb-4516-829b-d3d9c943cb20", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000416", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I will die on Egyptian soil.", "quote_text_ar": "سأحيا على هذه الأرض ساعاتي الأخيرة وسأموت في ترابها.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Defiant televised address on the eighth day of the Tahrir Square uprising in February 2011, rejecting calls to resign while pledging not to seek another term. The line went unhonoured ten days later.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak", "note": "Wikiquote — Mubarak entry, includes Feb 1 2011 speech quote 'on this land I will die'" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2011 Egyptian revolution section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 1, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "5917e9ce-9f36-47f9-a739-464aa446d3ce", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000220", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Israel has chosen to make it a year of a new war of genocide perpetrated against the Palestinian people.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "United Nations General Assembly address weeks after the end of the 2014 Gaza war — the moment Palestinian leadership escalated its framing of Israeli military operations to invoke the genocide convention.", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.un.org/press/en/2014/ga11556.doc.htm", "note": "UN General Assembly press release, 26 September 2014" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas", "note": "Wikipedia biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "3fa8718e-aee0-4f4d-a5ab-ed451b8256e7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000260", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Morocco is in its Sahara, and the Sahara is in its Morocco — and it shall remain so until the end of time.", "quote_text_ar": "إن المغرب في صحرائه، والصحراء في مغربها، وستظل كذلك إلى أبد الآبدين.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Royal address marking the 39th anniversary of the Green March, restating the position on Western Sahara that the throne has maintained since the 1975 march.", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.maroc.ma/en/royal-speeches/full-text-hm-kings-speech-39th-anniversary-green-march", "note": "Kingdom of Morocco official portal, full text of HM the King's speech, 39th anniversary of the Green March" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_March", "note": "Wikipedia — Green March topic page" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "8ed3cc11-bb45-4efa-a4cb-268bb3dd60d7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000420", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I dedicate this victory to the martyrs of Tunisia. The Tunisian people have chosen the path of dialogue and consensus.", "quote_text_ar": "أهدي هذا النصر إلى شهداء تونس. لقد اختار الشعب التونسي طريق الحوار والتوافق.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "December 22 2014 victory address after winning the country's first post-revolution direct presidential election, defeating interim president Moncef Marzouki in the runoff.", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beji_Caid_Essebsi", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2014 presidential election victory section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "89f75e6e-1d58-45f5-ac16-a6b34f0f5370", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000286", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Syria is reclaiming its rightful place among the nations of the world.", "quote_text_ar": "سوريا تستعيد مكانتها الحقيقية بين أمم العالم.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sharaa, the first Syrian president to address the UN General Assembly in nearly 60 years, declaring the post-Assad doctrinal pivot. 24 September 2025.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/sy_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 80th UNGA Syria address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "75270cca-e0c5-4d0e-a184-f9b39af87058", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000286", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We restructured civil and military institutions, dissolving all previous formations under the principle of ensuring weapons remain solely in the hands of the state.", "quote_text_ar": "أعدنا هيكلة المؤسسات المدنية والعسكرية، وحلّ جميع التشكيلات السابقة وفق مبدأ أن يكون السلاح حصراً بيد الدولة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sharaa announcing the dissolution of HTS itself — the rebel formation that brought him to power — as part of the state-monopoly-on-arms doctrine. 80th UNGA, Sep 2025.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/sy_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 80th UNGA Syria address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "3c25f92a-c7c3-4ee0-9964-52742374b3f6", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "After a year of the war, and with all that has been and is still being perpetrated in it, it is no longer tenable to talk about Israel's right to defend itself in this context without being complicit in justifying the crime.", "quote_text_ar": "بعد سنة من الحرب، وبكلّ ما اقتُرف ولا يزال يُقترف فيها، لم يعد ممكناً الحديث عن حقّ إسرائيل في الدفاع عن نفسها في هذا السياق دون أن يكون ذلك تواطؤاً مع تبرير الجريمة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Emir Tamim at the 79th UNGA, one year into the Gaza war — explicitly rejecting the \"Israel's right to defend itself\" frame.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 79th UNGA Qatar address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "b812bd8a-d54a-4e9d-b6d0-9bf30e85bddb", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The Egyptian experience is wonderful and unique, and can be replicated to solve the Palestinian cause and establish a Palestinian state alongside an Israeli state.", "quote_text_ar": "التجربة المصرية تجربة رائعة ومتفردة ويمكن تكرارها مرة أخرى لحل القضية الفلسطينية وإنشاء دولة فلسطينية بجانب دولة إسرائيلية.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egyptian presidential address to the UN General Assembly 71st session, 20 September 2016 — invoking Camp David as a model for an Israeli-Palestinian peace, in a direct appeal to the Israeli public.", "spoken_year": 2016, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "note": "Al-Masry Al-Youm reproduction of the Egyptian Presidency's official statement of the UNGA address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T18:05:13.846736+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T17:58:42.13875+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "b7181949-1e2f-4980-9ef5-7c6691495327", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The hand of peace is still extended through the Arab Peace Initiative.", "quote_text_ar": "يد السلام ما زالت ممدودة عبر مبادرة السلام العربية.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egyptian presidential address to the UN General Assembly 71st session, 20 September 2016 — restating Egyptian endorsement of the 2002 Arab Peace Initiative as the framework for normalisation conditional on a Palestinian state.", "spoken_year": 2016, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "note": "Al-Masry Al-Youm reproduction of the Egyptian Presidency's official statement of the UNGA address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T18:05:13.846736+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T17:58:42.13875+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "068106d9-20bb-4b6d-8ec0-7ff78d9b12d8", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000211", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "An agreement with a Palestinian state, based on two states for two peoples, is the right thing for Israel's security, for Israel's economy, and for the future of our children.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "September 2022 UN General Assembly address by the then–Israeli prime minister — the first explicit two-state endorsement from an Israeli PM at the UN podium in over a decade.", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/un-general-assembly-2022-pm-lapid-address", "note": "Israel PMO official transcript of the 22 September 2022 UNGA address" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yair_Lapid", "note": "Wikipedia biography, prime ministership section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "86ef8919-91b9-48c2-9dd0-de114abce095", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000271", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "If Iran develops a nuclear bomb, we will follow suit as soon as possible.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "CBS 60 Minutes interview with Norah O'Donnell, defining the Kingdom's posture toward Iranian nuclear development.", "spoken_year": 2018, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman", "note": "Wikipedia biography, CBS 60 Minutes interview cited under nuclear-doctrine subsection" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohammed-bin-Salman", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "a75f2807-4a28-4d90-808f-dc71f3b51059", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I dream of a one democratic State where Christian, Jew and Muslim live in justice, equality and fraternity.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PLO chairman's address to the UN General Assembly on 13 November 1974 — the secular one-state vision in his first speech to the body.", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/9639/speech-yasir-arafat-unga", "note": "Institute for Palestine Studies / palquest verbatim transcript" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "ed9371d5-692c-45c3-b910-7cfa69f92f5e", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We do not wish one drop of either Arab or Jewish blood to be shed; neither do we delight in the continuation of killing.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PLO chairman's address to the UN General Assembly on 13 November 1974 — peace overture inside the same address that closed with the olive-branch-and-gun line.", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/9639/speech-yasir-arafat-unga", "note": "Institute for Palestine Studies / palquest verbatim transcript" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "9e7f6414-9ba7-4b3e-8e43-c85813e006a4", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "War flares up in Palestine, and yet it is in Palestine that peace will be born.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Closing line of the PLO chairman's address to the UN General Assembly on 13 November 1974.", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/9639/speech-yasir-arafat-unga", "note": "Institute for Palestine Studies / palquest verbatim transcript" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "964ad81e-a851-47a0-af61-94a7c9bc7086", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "quote_text_en": "Armed struggle is a strategy and not a tactic.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Article 19 of the pre-revision Fatah Constitution (mid-1960s) — the line that formally remained in the party's bylaws even after Oslo.", "spoken_year": 1964, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/fatah/constitution.htm", "note": "Fatah official English text, archived at the Marxists Internet Archive" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "326c83ae-9971-43f0-abd3-92ad0067d560", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "quote_text_en": "Complete liberation of Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, political, military and cultural existence.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Article 12 of the pre-revision Fatah Constitution (mid-1960s) — declared goal of the movement at founding.", "spoken_year": 1964, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/fatah/constitution.htm", "note": "Fatah official English text, archived at the Marxists Internet Archive" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "ba6f8421-396b-47be-8d11-d9192b5c0870", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "quote_text_en": "Establishing an independent democratic state with complete sovereignty on all Palestinian lands, and Jerusalem is its capital city, and protecting the citizens' legal and equal rights without any racial or religious discrimination.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Article 13 of the pre-revision Fatah Constitution (mid-1960s) — the secular-democratic-state vision that pre-dates Oslo.", "spoken_year": 1964, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/fatah/constitution.htm", "note": "Fatah official English text, archived at the Marxists Internet Archive" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "04f41b88-0c5f-4b33-bb89-98c1a791c738", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "No state can firmly be established and stable in the presence of armed factions that are not under its control. These are self-evident and unquestionable matters.", "quote_text_ar": "لا يمكن لدولة أن تقوم وتستقرّ بوجود فصائل مسلّحة خارج سيطرتها. هذه أمور بدهيّة لا جدال فيها.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim's state-monopoly-on-arms doctrine at the 79th UNGA — paradoxically coexisting with Qatar's defense of Hamas. Often read as implicit critique of Iran-aligned militias.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 79th UNGA Qatar address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "66928ab1-489b-4356-8c3f-7b92c38e9a35", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "quote_text_en": "The Resistance role is a national necessity as long as the Israeli threats and aspirations persist.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Section 2 of the Hezbollah 2009 Political Manifesto — codifies the post-2006-war \"Resistance\" doctrine alongside the Lebanese state army.", "spoken_year": 2009, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hintergrund.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/15-The-New-Hezbollah-Manifesto-Nov09.pdf", "note": "Official Hezbollah English translation, hintergrund.de archive" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "3952068a-494c-43c9-9b8c-3194aaa9c0d9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The occupation has brazenly taken the form of an apartheid regime in the broad daylight of the twenty-first century.", "quote_text_ar": "لقد اتّخذ الاحتلال بشكل صريح شكل نظام فصل عنصري في وضح نهار القرن الحادي والعشرين.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim's \"apartheid\" framing at the 78th UNGA, Sep 2023 — delivered 17 days before October 7. Evidence that Qatar's hard-line framing is doctrinal continuity, not a post-war pivot.", "spoken_year": 2023, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/qa_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 78th UNGA Qatar address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "74f949ff-31ab-47c9-adb0-2b6d959dcb13", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Statehood is not something Palestinians need to earn. It is not a reward — it is an indisputable right.", "quote_text_ar": "الدولة ليست شيئاً يجب على الفلسطينيين أن يكسبوه. وليست مكافأة، بل حقّ لا جدال فيه.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "King Abdullah II at the 80th UNGA, Sep 2025 — the canonical Hashemite rejection of conditionality framing.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/jo_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 80th UNGA Jordan address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "53e73b19-b38d-47ed-beca-2660323d219a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The current Israeli government's provocative calls for a so-called \"Greater Israel\" can only be realised through the blatant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of its neighbours — and there's nothing great about that.", "quote_text_ar": "دعوات الحكومة الإسرائيلية الحالية الاستفزازية إلى ما يُسمّى بـ\"إسرائيل الكبرى\" لا يمكن أن تتحقّق إلا عبر الانتهاك الصارخ لسيادة جيرانها وسلامة أراضيهم. ولا شيء عظيم في ذلك.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Abdullah II naming the \"Greater Israel\" doctrine as a regional threat at the 80th UNGA. Listed Israel's strikes on Lebanon, Iran, Syria, Tunisia, and Qatar.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/jo_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 80th UNGA Jordan address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "d1f2ad86-ac6e-47bf-bb20-b098a0023db6", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We call for sanctions to be imposed on Israel in response to its blatant violations of international law and its unlawful encroachments on the sovereignty of states.", "quote_text_ar": "ندعو إلى فرض عقوبات على إسرائيل ردّاً على انتهاكاتها الصارخة للقانون الدولي واعتداءاتها غير المشروعة على سيادة الدول.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultan Haitham at the 80th UNGA — the strongest sanctions call from any Gulf monarchy on the record. Notably stronger than Qatar's \"state terrorism\" framing.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 80th UNGA Oman address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 5, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "c5af3561-55aa-4140-93a9-50ca4056a1fd", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Israel's treacherous and reprehensible attack against the State of Qatar constituted a flagrant violation of its territorial integrity and of the security of the Arabian Gulf region.", "quote_text_ar": "يشكّل اعتداء إسرائيل الغادر والمشين على دولة قطر انتهاكاً صارخاً لسلامة أراضيها ولأمن منطقة الخليج العربي.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE institutional statement at the 80th UNGA (delivered by Lana Nusseibeh) — the Abraham Accords signatory explicitly condemning Israel's 9 Sep 2025 strike on Doha.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/ae_en.pdf", "note": "UN canonical PDF, 80th UNGA UAE address" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "22dff6dd-1a46-4d21-9c15-cf3d049c71da", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "It became necessary, out of our deep feeling of historic responsibility, to correct the direction of the revolution and even that of history itself.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Saied's signature framing in the 2022 Tunisian Constitution preamble — the claim to bypass intermediate institutional legitimacy and rule by direct mandate.", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/14/qa-tunisias-constitutional-referendum", "note": "HRW analysis of the 2022 referendum" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 5, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "f11599e5-ded9-48dc-801d-1eb30a45ac3c", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Citizens who are able to bear arms and fight terrorists in defense of their country, their people, and their holy places must volunteer to join the security forces.", "quote_text_ar": "إنّ على المواطنين القادرين على حمل السلاح وقتال الإرهابيين دفاعاً عن بلدهم وشعبهم ومقدّساتهم أن يتطوّعوا للانضمام إلى القوّات الأمنيّة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sistani's fatwa, delivered in Karbala on 13 June 2014, that mobilized the Hashd al-Sha'abi against ISIS — arguably the single most consequential sentence in 21st-century Iraqi politics.", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/6/13/iraq-cleric-issues-call-to-arms-against-isil", "note": "Al Jazeera coverage of the fatwa, 13 Jun 2014" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "217a6f20-aaf5-4437-9afa-57e30320dc10", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "No solution to the Yemeni crisis is acceptable, regardless of its conditions, if it does not provide for the prosecution of Ali Abdullah Saleh and his aides.", "quote_text_ar": "لا يُقبَل أيّ حلّ للأزمة اليمنيّة، مهما كانت شروطه، ما لم يضمن محاكمة عليّ عبدالله صالح ومعاونيه.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tawakkol Karman in her Nobel Peace Lecture, Oslo — refusing the GCC initiative's immunity-from-prosecution clause for Saleh.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/26161-tawakkol-karman-nobel-lecture-2011/", "note": "Nobel Foundation canonical PDF" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "4b1fe6e0-e6cc-4e3d-91a5-1d5676c473ea", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000288", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Due to the documented crimes of ethnic cleansing, forced displacement, and genocide committed by the Rapid Support Forces militia, this group deserves to be classified as a terrorist organization.", "quote_text_ar": "نظراً للجرائم الموثّقة من تطهير عرقيّ وتهجير قسريّ وإبادة جماعيّة التي ارتكبتها ميليشيا قوّات الدعم السريع، فإنّ هذه المجموعة تستحقّ تصنيفها منظّمة إرهابيّة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "General Burhan at the 79th UNGA naming the RSF as a terrorist organization. The signature SAF position in the Sudanese civil war.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.sudanembassy.nl/the-speech-of-h-e-abdel-fattah-al-burhan-head-of-the-transitional-sovereignty-council-before-the-ga-of-un-session-79/", "note": "Sudan Embassy The Hague, official text" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "6eb3a792-ca4e-41a8-bf9e-1bfc6df4a762", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000260", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Algeria is and will remain a sister country to which we are linked by ties of brotherhood, religion, history, geography, and shared destiny.", "quote_text_ar": "إنّ الجزائر هي وستبقى بلداً شقيقاً تربطنا به وشائج الأخوّة والدين والتاريخ والجغرافيا والمصير المشترك.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "King Mohammed VI's 2025 Throne Day Tetouan speech — the reconciliation overture toward Algeria after years of frozen relations.", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.maroc.ma/en/royal-speeches/full-text-hm-king-mohammed-vis-speech-26th-anniversary-his-accession-throne", "note": "Maroc.ma official text" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": "tarek", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-08T19:30:12.272187+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "c6592d96-fa15-4ec6-aec1-87aff68430ff", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We are committed to peaceful struggle as a strategic option, without deviation or retreat, regardless of the sacrifices.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tawakkol Karman — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2011)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1f442fa6-7e3b-42e1-9e92-0c0308c13441", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The solution to women's issues can only be achieved in a free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the energy of both women and men together.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tawakkol Karman — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2011)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c7d18e25-9013-4903-ba94-5efc17337559", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "[Our revolution] dreams of a free and democratic homeland with no room for tyranny, dictatorship, corruption or failure.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tawakkol Karman — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2011)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ac4b7799-01cb-46bf-9455-c90e80374bcf", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000355", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "There should be no immunity for killers who rob the food of the people.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tawakkol Karman — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2011)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/karman/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d889fa66-d678-4079-8637-328b1f6c7b93", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000353", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We cannot respond to these threats by building more walls, developing bigger weapons, or dispatching more troops. Quite to the contrary.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mohamed ElBaradei — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2005)", "spoken_year": 2005, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2005/elbaradei/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1edc65da-294c-4276-b8eb-8817c74670b5", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000353", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Nuclear weapons should have no place in our collective conscience, and no role in our security.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mohamed ElBaradei — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (2005)", "spoken_year": 2005, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2005/elbaradei/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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A prime example of these measures is the Ethiopian dam.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egypt national statement to the UN General Assembly, 78th session (2023) — delivered by FM Sameh Shoukry", "spoken_year": 2023, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/eg_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2ef42b69-2d73-4a92-ab4d-19c992da6f34", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "It would be a mistake to assume we can accept a fait accompli when it comes to the very lives of more than 100 million Egyptian citizens.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egypt national statement to the UN General Assembly, 78th session (2023) — delivered by FM Sameh Shoukry", "spoken_year": 2023, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/eg_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "05ea6ced-6e46-4b24-b393-5c39fb240dd8", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000213", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Mr. Prime Minister, you said that a strong prime minister tells the President of the United States—'yes' when possible, and 'no'—when necessary. 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Now is the time to do what is required and necessary to strike Hezbollah, to unleash the hands of our fighters, and to restore security to the north.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "אדוני ראש הממשלה, אמרת שראש ממשלה חזק אומר לנשיא ארה״ב- ׳כן׳ כשאפשר, ו׳לא׳- כשצריך. זה הזמן לומר לידידנו, הנשיא טראמפ-׳לא׳. כעת הזמן לעשות מה שמתחייב ונדרש כדי להכות בחיזבאללה, להתיר את ידי לוחמינו ולהחזיר את הביטחון לצפון.", "context_en": "Tweeted on X on June 1, 2026, aimed at Netanyahu to continue striking Lebanon despite President Trump's call to stop.", "spoken_year": 2026, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://x.com/itamarbengvir/status/2061513201011831185", "note": "Itamar Ben Gvir - X.com", "field": "quote_text_en", "accessed_at": "2026-06-11" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-11T18:52:02.497+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "tariqafifgara@gmail.com", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-11T18:51:21.688361+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a2516e1a-a3db-4b87-91cc-69155312618e", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "[Promote human rights] away from […] attempts to impose concepts disregarding cultural and social specificities; 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"created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "317ce5af-9e66-4043-bc53-a7ecfd41d375", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Our brothers and sisters in Palestine must also taste the fruits of freedom and dignity.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egyptian president's address to the UN General Assembly 67th session, 26 September 2012 — Egypt's first post-revolution Islamist-presidential UN speech.", "spoken_year": 2012, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "note": "Official Egyptian English text, Voltaire Network republication" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "c392c0cc-95a4-4a2e-89ee-600792a0d0dc", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We are committed to what we have signed on.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egyptian president's address to the UN General Assembly 67th session, 26 September 2012 — implicit affirmation of continued adherence to the Camp David peace treaty.", "spoken_year": 2012, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "note": "Official Egyptian English text, Voltaire Network republication" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "644d93ec-59c1-4a32-8ce2-84881031fd81", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I assure you of Egypt's full support to any course of action Palestine decides to follow in the United Nations.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Egyptian president's address to the UN General Assembly 67th session, 26 September 2012 — explicit endorsement of Palestinian sovereignty-bid diplomacy.", "spoken_year": 2012, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "note": "Official Egyptian English text, Voltaire Network republication" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "1ab7ee06-7b42-4594-9d26-a6bda6b1a45e", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Palestinians must clearly and unambiguously recognize Israel as the state of the Jewish people.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Israeli prime minister's Bar-Ilan University address, 14 June 2009 — the precondition that defined Likud-right two-state terms for the following decade.", "spoken_year": 2009, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/13614/netanyahus-speech-bar-ilan-university", "note": "Official PMO English text, palquest archive (sourced to Ha'aretz 14 June 2009)" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "7bf985a8-fe9c-497b-932c-093439d3097c", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The territory under Palestinian control must be demilitarized with ironclad security provisions for Israel.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Israeli prime minister's Bar-Ilan University address, 14 June 2009 — the second of the two preconditions for accepting a Palestinian state.", "spoken_year": 2009, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/13614/netanyahus-speech-bar-ilan-university", "note": "Official PMO English text, palquest archive (sourced to Ha'aretz 14 June 2009)" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "last_reviewed_by": "seeder/document-pipeline", "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T21:22:45.447494+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-2" }, { "id": "7e36f9d9-bf14-40f1-b84f-5da0de3a96ff", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I'm the king of Jordan first, last, and always — and what I say is a Jordanian position, not the position of one tribe or another.", "quote_text_ar": "أنا ملك الأردن أولاً وآخراً وأبداً، وما أقوله هو موقف أردني وليس موقف عشيرة من العشائر.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "2024 address pushing back against persistent narratives that Jordan should serve as an alternative homeland for Palestinians; widely reported in regional press.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan", "note": "Wikipedia biography; statement covered in his 2024 public addresses on Jordan-Palestine alternative-homeland rejection" }, { "url": "https://www.bbc.com/arabic", "note": "BBC Arabic — outlet that covered the 2024 royal addresses" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:32.258356+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "1b003587-d761-4272-bbda-1a725157fceb", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000286", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "A new history, my brothers, is being written today in the entire region.", "quote_text_ar": "يا إخواني، تاريخ جديد يكتب اليوم في المنطقة بأسرها.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Victory address at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus on the day Bashar al-Assad's government fell after a twelve-day rebel offensive — the first public statement from the incoming transitional leadership.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime", "note": "Wikipedia — Fall of the Assad regime article, cites the Umayyad Mosque address" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa", "note": "Wikipedia biography, December 2024 address section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "7aeadd68-ccb8-4b61-bf5d-e70fda5d97c3", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000233", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We are following the same path as the martyrs and the resistance: we will follow it, we will follow it.", "quote_text_ar": "نحن سائرون على نفس الطريق، طريق الشهداء والمقاومة، سنسير عليه، سنسير عليه.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "First televised address by the incoming Hezbollah leadership after the September 2024 assassination of Hassan Nasrallah — signalling continuity rather than strategic revision.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Qassem", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 30 October 2024 address section" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikipedia — context on succession after the September 2024 Nasrallah assassination" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "7b8c91b2-774e-4bea-8d16-a3a733dc5313", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "There will be no Palestinian state, and there is no place for a Palestinian state — neither west nor east of the Jordan.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "לא תהיה מדינה פלסטינית, ואין מקום למדינה פלסטינית — לא ממערב לירדן ולא ממזרחו.", "context_en": "2024 declaration during the post-October-7 Gaza war, rejecting Western and Saudi proposals for a two-state framework as a post-war horizon.", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich", "note": "Wikipedia biography — the line is a longstanding declarative position; cited with footnotes to Israeli press" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war", "note": "Wikipedia — Gaza war page, references the post-October-7 Israeli political-right rejection of two-state framework" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:29:32.258356+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "cb319c14-a388-4652-9057-4ded6fc9fab9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Normal relations will be established between Egypt and Israel, including full recognition... termination of economic boycotts...", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Camp David Accords — “A Framework for Peace in the Middle East” (Sadat–Begin–Carter), 17 September 1978", "spoken_year": 1978, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/campdav.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f616249b-c5e9-46ac-be61-4bca84d4ea90", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "If the price of preserving legitimacy is my blood, then I am prepared to sacrifice my blood for the sake of this homeland and its legitimacy.", "quote_text_ar": "إن كان ثمن الحفاظ على الشرعية هو دمي، فإنني مستعد للتضحية بدمي في سبيل هذا الوطن وشرعيته.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Final televised presidential address on 2 July 2013 — the night before the military deposed him — defending the legitimacy of the ballot box.", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2013 ouster section, references the final speech" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohamed-Morsi", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "0b89f782-f2b0-449a-b6eb-f31cae8a359c", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Egypt is at a crossroads. Either we cross it together to safety, or we go to a state of failure — God forbid.", "quote_text_ar": "مصر على مفترق طرق، إما أن نعبر به سوياً إلى بر الأمان وإما أن نذهب لحالة من الفشل لا قدر الله.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "2013 mass-mobilization call (July 24 speech) asking Egyptians for a \"mandate\" to confront protests by Morsi supporters. The framing of the country as \"at a crossroads\" became a signature rhetorical device.", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdel-Fattah-al-Sisi", "note": "Britannica biography (note: URL slug differs from Wikipedia)" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_2013", "note": "Wikipedia — 2013 coup d'état article" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:12:54.585722+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "1e469c4f-4e49-4848-aa63-20f465fe8d82", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000370", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I have come to Gaza, and I say from Gaza, with Gaza, and to Gaza: there is no compromise on Palestine, from the river to the sea, from the north to the south.", "quote_text_ar": "لقد جئت إلى غزة، وأقول من غزة ومع غزة وإلى غزة: لا تفريط في فلسطين، من النهر إلى البحر، من الشمال إلى الجنوب.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "December 8 2012 address at Gaza's Katiba Square, the speaker's first visit to the strip in over four decades, days after the November 2012 Israel-Hamas escalation.", "spoken_year": 2012, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal", "note": "Wikipedia biography, December 2012 Gaza visit section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "924572c0-f928-477d-8cbf-28b8e34fd4fe", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000418", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I will cleanse Libya inch by inch, house by house, alley by alley, person by person.", "quote_text_ar": "سأنظف ليبيا شبراً شبراً، بيتاً بيتاً، زنقة زنقة، فرداً فرداً.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "February 22 2011 broadcast from a bombed-out Bab al-Azizia compound vowing extermination of the protest movement. The Libyan dialect word \"zenga\" (alley) gave the address its colloquial name.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-12544624", "note": "BBC News, 22 February 2011, Gaddafi address coverage" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi", "note": "Wikipedia biography, Arab Spring section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 1, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "79584c48-289c-4cf0-bbab-63b13fbe1e66", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000417", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Syria is not Tunisia, Egypt or Yemen.", "quote_text_ar": "سوريا ليست تونس ولا مصر ولا اليمن.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Address to the Syrian parliament dismissing the Arab Spring as a foreign conspiracy and rejecting protester demands — the rhetorical moment that signalled the regime would not concede.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/world/middleeast/31syria.html", "note": "NYT, 30 March 2011 parliamentary address dispatch (may require subscription)" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad", "note": "Wikipedia biography, Syrian uprising section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "6adb3a7c-d4eb-4d4c-9662-71244a6637ba", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000416", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I will not run again. I have served Egypt for 30 years. My son will not run either. The decision is up to the people.", "quote_text_ar": "لن أترشح مرة أخرى. لقد خدمت مصر ثلاثين عاماً. وابني لن يترشح. القرار للشعب.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "February 1 2011 second televised address during the Tahrir Square uprising — the speech in which the speaker tried to defuse the crisis with a partial concession on succession.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak", "note": "Wikiquote — Mubarak entry, Feb 1 / Feb 11 2011 speeches" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_2011", "note": "Wikipedia — 2011 Egyptian revolution, references Mubarak's succession concession" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "e4c2e391-1dd2-4107-b0b3-0b63b3c9cd9e", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000609", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I have understood you. I understand all of you — the unemployed, those in need, the politicians and those who demand more freedom. I understand all of you.", "quote_text_ar": "فهمتكم. فهمتكم جميعاً، العاطلون عن العمل والمحتاجون والسياسيون والذين يطالبون بمزيد من الحرية. فهمتكم جميعاً.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "January 13 2011 televised address — the day before the speaker fled the country — promising not to run for re-election and to lift internet restrictions.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2011/01/13/zine-el-abidine-ben-ali-je-vous-ai-compris_1465456_3212.html", "note": "Le Monde, 13 January 2011 transcript" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali", "note": "Wikipedia biography, Tunisian revolution section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "b5e6e73a-b758-42f3-a04a-035cf17138e3", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000611", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "There will be rivers of blood. The Libyan people will not be defeated. We will fight until the last man, the last woman, the last bullet.", "quote_text_ar": "سوف تجري أنهار من الدماء، والشعب الليبي لن يهزم، وسنقاتل حتى آخر رجل وحتى آخر امرأة وحتى آخر رصاصة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Televised address on the sixth day of the Libyan uprising — a speech that explicitly threatened civil war within hours of mass defections in Benghazi.", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 20 February 2011 televised speech section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "27c03821-137c-4bc3-b3f5-f82abaa6e9bd", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "You wanted a long war? We will fight you for a thousand years.", "quote_text_ar": "هل تريدون حرباً طويلة؟ نحن سنقاتلكم ألف سنة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "August 14 2008 televised address marking the second anniversary of the 2006 war — a rhetorical hardening as the prisoner exchange of July 2008 was being framed as confirmation of the divine-victory thesis.", "spoken_year": 2008, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikipedia biography, August 2008 divine-victory anniversary address" }, { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikiquote — Nasrallah entry, includes 2008 statements" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "6f2857ef-ef2b-4ab9-ae0b-8c07b747471d", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "quote_text_en": "Our enemy in the battle is Israel, Zionism, world imperialism and Arab reaction.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PFLP — \"Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine\": Who Are Our Enemies? (1969)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.lasairdhearg.com/pflp-strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2b250853-548a-4ba8-94f1-62d5ddb04e92", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000606", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "If the day comes when the two-state solution collapses, and we face a South African-style struggle for equal voting rights, then, as soon as that happens, the State of Israel is finished.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "אם יגיע היום שבו פתרון שתי המדינות יתמוטט ונעמוד מול מאבק על זכויות הצבעה שוות בנוסח דרום אפריקה, ברגע שזה יקרה, מדינת ישראל גמורה.", "context_en": "November 29 2007 interview with Haaretz, framing the demographic argument for partition in language no sitting Israeli prime minister had previously used in public.", "spoken_year": 2007, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Olmert", "note": "Wikipedia biography, references the November 2007 Haaretz interview" }, { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ehud_Olmert", "note": "Wikiquote — Olmert entry, often-cited two-state warning" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "a9f862ec-faf2-4d4e-a7e5-47bc64718a68", "politician_id": "2ce35be4-5127-4891-b07a-02807ce1f4c0", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We accept the establishment of our independent state on the 1967 borders, with Jerusalem as its capital.", "quote_text_ar": "نحن نقبل إقامة دولتنا المستقلة على حدود الرابع من حزيران 1967، وعاصمتها القدس.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "First major interview after Hamas's January 2006 PLC election victory, articulating the de facto 1967-borders posture that the movement would oscillate around for the next two decades.", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh", "note": "Wikipedia biography, post-PLC-election section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "12977a47-74bb-45a7-84dc-b0befcd4dfc1", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Had I known on July 11 that the operation would lead to such a war, I would definitely not have done it.", "quote_text_ar": "لو كنت أعلم في الحادي عشر من تموز أن العملية ستؤدي إلى مثل هذه الحرب، لما كنت قمت بها بكل تأكيد.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Post-war television interview reflecting on the kidnapping operation that triggered the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah war.", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 2006 Lebanon War aftermath section" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War", "note": "Wikipedia — 2006 Lebanon War page, cites the post-war interview" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T11:00:25.752699+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "67352e87-0108-437e-9d2c-eb1c91c7d6a9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000605", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The disengagement plan is meant to grant maximum security and minimize friction between Israelis and Palestinians.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "תוכנית ההתנתקות נועדה להעניק מקסימום ביטחון ולמזער חיכוך בין ישראלים לפלסטינים.", "context_en": "December 18 2003 Herzliya Conference address — the speech that introduced unilateral withdrawal as right-wing security doctrine, two years before the Gaza pullout.", "spoken_year": 2003, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Sharon", "note": "Wikipedia biography, references the 2003 Herzliya speech and 2005 Gaza disengagement" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza", "note": "Wikipedia — Gaza disengagement page" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "3ec2dfab-75ad-404e-a6f3-2dd74f2d1001", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "America is the great Satan, and Israel is its tool in the region — but the equation has changed: the resistance has imposed a new equation.", "quote_text_ar": "أمريكا هي الشيطان الأكبر، وإسرائيل أداتها في المنطقة — ولكن المعادلة تغيرت، فالمقاومة فرضت معادلة جديدة.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "2002 Jerusalem Day speech — the annual late-Ramadan address where the speaker traditionally consolidates a year of rhetorical framing into a single statement.", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikipedia biography" }, { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikiquote — Nasrallah quotation collection" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "2588703e-a009-41d0-aceb-549aa9037474", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000415", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I tell you that the State of Israel, the entity that owns nuclear weapons and the strongest air force in the region, is weaker than a spider's web.", "quote_text_ar": "أقول لكم إن «إسرائيل» التي تملك أسلحة نووية وأقوى سلاح جوي في المنطقة، إن «إسرائيل» هذه أوهن من بيت العنكبوت.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "May 26, 2000 victory speech in Bint Jbeil after the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon. The image — \"spider's web\" — became one of his most-cited phrases.", "spoken_year": 2000, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikipedia biography, 26 May 2000 Bint Jbeil victory speech section" }, { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah", "note": "Wikiquote — Nasrallah entry, includes the spider's-web quote" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T09:12:54.585722+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "72ae0898-dc43-49a3-a0a2-26a64f7ad8f8", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000608", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Ruling Yemen is hard. It is dancing on the heads of snakes.", "quote_text_ar": "حكم اليمن صعب. إنه رقص على رؤوس الثعابين.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Repeated framing in interviews and memoir across the late 1990s and 2000s — the line that became the definitive autobiographical summary of governing the country.", "spoken_year": 1999, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh", "note": "Wikipedia biography; the phrase appears in the lead section as his autobiographical summary" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ali-Abdullah-Saleh", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "97ce924b-3edf-4993-9894-dc609ed5859a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Enough of blood and tears. Enough.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "די לדם ולדמעות. די!", "context_en": "September 13 1993 White House Rose Garden remarks at the Oslo Accords signing — addressed simultaneously to Palestinians and to the Israeli public watching live.", "spoken_year": 1993, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/14/world/peace-text-day-celebration-rabin-arafat-clinton-speeches-historic-signing.html", "note": "NYT, 14 September 1993, Rose Garden remarks transcript" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_I_Accord", "note": "Wikipedia — Oslo I Accord, Rabin remarks cited" }, { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin", "note": "Wikiquote — Rabin entry" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "8de3ae1b-1603-42c6-a294-ddfeacf63617", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000419", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The great showdown has begun. The mother of all battles is upon us.", "quote_text_ar": "لقد بدأت المواجهة الكبرى. أمّ المعارك قد قدمت.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "January 17 1991 broadcast hours after the start of Coalition air operations against Iraq following the 1990 invasion of Kuwait — the phrase that became shorthand for the Gulf War.", "spoken_year": 1991, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/18/world/war-gulf-iraq-baghdad-hussein-speaks-mother-battles-has-begun.html", "note": "NYT, 18 January 1991, broadcast coverage" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_of_all_battles", "note": "Wikipedia — Mother of all battles phrase article" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saddam-Hussein", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "a6ce39ab-3df9-404d-a3b0-4d73649db4f1", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "quote_text_en": "In our struggle for the liberation of Palestine, we face primarily world imperialism, our battle is directed basically against it, against Israel which acts as its base.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PFLP — \"Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine\": Who Are Our Enemies? (1969)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.lasairdhearg.com/pflp-strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a447ccc3-dabb-43b7-b148-20e57f7e4b99", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I am ready to go to the ends of the earth, even to the house of the Israelis themselves, to the Knesset itself, in order to bring peace to my people.", "quote_text_ar": "إنني مستعد أن أذهب إلى آخر الدنيا، بل إلى بيت الإسرائيليين نفسه، إلى الكنيست نفسه، لأحقق السلام لشعبي.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "November 9 1977 People's Assembly address that preceded by ten days the historic visit to Jerusalem — the rhetorical gesture that broke the regional taboo on direct negotiation.", "spoken_year": 1977, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat", "note": "Wikipedia biography, peace initiative section" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anwar-Sadat", "note": "Britannica biography" }, { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat", "note": "Wikiquote — Sadat entry, includes the Knesset visit announcement" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 1, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "37518f1a-7dcf-4d78-9d96-c8b6311f8cc4", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000607", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Tomorrow, God willing, you will cross the border. Tomorrow, God willing, you will set foot on your land. Tomorrow, God willing, you will touch your sand. Tomorrow, God willing, you will embrace a land that is yours, and embrace your brothers who have been awaiting you for years.", "quote_text_ar": "غداً إن شاء الله ستجتازون الحدود، غداً إن شاء الله ستطؤون أرضكم، غداً إن شاء الله ستلمسون رمالها، غداً إن شاء الله ستعانقون أرضاً هي أرضكم، وتعانقون إخواناً لكم انتظروكم سنين.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "November 5 1975 royal address ordering 350,000 unarmed Moroccan civilians to march south the following day — the operation that, within a week, reset Western Sahara's territorial map.", "spoken_year": 1975, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.maroc.ma/en/royal-speeches", "note": "Kingdom of Morocco official portal, royal speech archive" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-March", "note": "Britannica — Green March topic page" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hassan-II", "note": "Britannica — Hassan II biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "ad3377fe-d778-4e70-95a7-8b5b21c4b88d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000602", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Today I have come bearing an olive branch and a freedom fighter's gun. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand.", "quote_text_ar": "لقد جئت إليكم اليوم وفي يدي غصن الزيتون، وفي يدي الأخرى بندقية المناضل من أجل الحرية. فلا تسقطوا غصن الزيتون من يدي.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "November 13 1974 UN General Assembly address — the first time a non-state actor's leader addressed the body, with a sidearm strapped to his hip throughout the entrance though removed at the podium.", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-205616/", "note": "UN UNISPAL archive of Arafat's November 1974 UNGA address" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat", "note": "Wikipedia biography, UNGA address section" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "b09bfd9b-cf5f-4777-8559-57d3576763d1", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000612", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The new international economic order will be born of the unanimous will of the peoples, or it will not be.", "quote_text_ar": "إن النظام الاقتصادي الدولي الجديد سيولد من الإرادة الموحدة للشعوب، أو لن يكون.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "April 10 1974 UN General Assembly special session address — the speech that gave the New International Economic Order its rhetorical frame as a Global-South project.", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houari_Boumediene", "note": "Wikipedia biography, NIEO advocacy section" }, { "url": "https://www.un.org/press/en/2011/sg2168.doc.htm", "note": "UN press archive on NIEO retrospective" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 4, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "f059a927-e902-4854-9b1d-5139b78166e3", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000600", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "If the imperialists do not like it, let them choke on their fury.", "quote_text_ar": "إذا لم يعجبهم هذا فليموتوا بغيظهم.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "July 26 1956 speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalisation of the Suez Canal Company, in the dialect-laden register that became the speaker's signature with Egyptian audiences.", "spoken_year": 1956, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis", "note": "Wikipedia — Suez Crisis article, Nasser nationalisation speech section" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/event/Suez-Crisis", "note": "Britannica — Suez Crisis" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gamal-Abdel-Nasser", "note": "Britannica — Nasser biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "afe7057d-986f-48bf-8e53-88bd65cf3c90", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000603", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We hereby proclaim the establishment of the Jewish state in the Land of Israel — to be known as the State of Israel.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "אנו מכריזים בזאת על הקמת מדינה יהודית בארץ ישראל, היא מדינת ישראל.", "context_en": "May 14 1948 declaration read at the Tel Aviv Museum hours before the British Mandate's formal expiry — the constitutive sentence of the new state.", "spoken_year": 1948, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence", "note": "Wikipedia — Israeli Declaration of Independence article" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion", "note": "Wikipedia — Ben-Gurion biography" }, { "url": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Ben-Gurion", "note": "Britannica biography" } ], "verification_status": "tarek-verified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 2, "created_at": "2026-06-07T14:43:42.391557+00:00", "source_authority_tier": "tier-1" }, { "id": "8cc8cded-032e-40f8-9ab0-ceb0bebed639", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "quote_text_en": "Without a clear definition of the enemy, a clear view of the battle becomes impossible.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PFLP — \"Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine\": Who Are Our Enemies? (1969)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.lasairdhearg.com/pflp-strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b2d19b76-54be-4504-88e0-6a9eb2a5dbea", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "quote_text_en": "[We face Israel as] a political, military and economic entity […] [an] aggressive expansionist racial structure.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PFLP — \"Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine\": Who Are Our Enemies? (1969)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.lasairdhearg.com/pflp-strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "fdbb27d1-d23a-4dbf-af4d-7b65982cf6ae", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "The one radical solution is peace.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yitzhak Rabin — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (1994)", "spoken_year": 1994, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ea9177e7-052d-430b-a2a7-c774edd4231b", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We have gone to war only when a fearful sword was poised to cut us down.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yitzhak Rabin — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (1994)", "spoken_year": 1994, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f243a361-4ee4-42c7-8832-667761b4881f", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000604", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We will pursue the course of peace with determination and fortitude. We will not let up. We will not give in.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yitzhak Rabin — Nobel Peace Prize lecture (1994)", "spoken_year": 1994, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1994/rabin/lecture/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9fceeee9-b423-4c5f-9e73-ced26525f8ff", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "quote_text_en": "The Palestine National Council hereby declares, in the Name of God and on behalf of the Palestinian Arab people, the establishment of the State of Palestine in the land of Palestine with its capital at Jerusalem.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Palestinian Declaration of Independence (the Algiers Declaration), 15 November 1988 (English translation of Arabic)", "spoken_year": 1988, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://unispal.un.org/pdfs/6EB54A389E2DA6C6852560DE0070E392.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4ab78c4d-bb16-4cbf-b495-bbca87dda589", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "9c141af6-afb5-44f7-8dba-0ec5c979af09", "quote_text_en": "The basis of the Betarian viewpoint consists of one idea: the Jewish State.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Ra'ayon Betar — The Ideology of Betar, by Ze'ev Jabotinsky (English translation of Hebrew original; the founding doctrine Herut adopted)", "spoken_year": 1929, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250430010644/http://www.saveisrael.com/jabo/jaboraayon.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d2165122-5bed-4658-877c-72f88c5d4d42", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "84468d69-f3e4-4242-8ade-10bc2e5d7a3e", "quote_text_en": "It would be a vessel to house the Jewish People and their society, the Torah state G-d obligated them to create, and to separate them from the straying nations and their culture …", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "The political-religious doctrine of Kach / Meir Kahane — 'a Torah state' and the ger toshav status of non-Jews (English edition, from 'The Jewish Idea')", "spoken_year": 1991, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210410120119/https://meir-kahane.angelfire.com/cholmoedp.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9d83ca7e-28d6-4933-ac65-149dd6d2b72f", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "84468d69-f3e4-4242-8ade-10bc2e5d7a3e", "quote_text_en": "The conditions are as follows: 1) acceptance of the status of ger toshav, resident alien, with abandonment of idolatry and acceptance of the seven Noahide laws; 2) tribute 3) servitude.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "The political-religious doctrine of Kach / Meir Kahane — 'a Torah state' and the ger toshav status of non-Jews (English edition, from 'The Jewish Idea')", "spoken_year": 1991, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210410120119/https://meir-kahane.angelfire.com/cholmoedp.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "384e3716-9d02-488f-809d-cdc9fc12a5e9", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "84468d69-f3e4-4242-8ade-10bc2e5d7a3e", "quote_text_en": "There can be no retreat from land because that is in essence a retreat also from the Kingship of the L-rd.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "The political-religious doctrine of Kach / Meir Kahane — 'a Torah state' and the ger toshav status of non-Jews (English edition, from 'The Jewish Idea')", "spoken_year": 1991, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210410120119/https://meir-kahane.angelfire.com/cholmoedp.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5b6665ae-0e76-482d-8fed-26d057c9939c", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "04bdcbc5-5631-4d28-a717-2beeac60fe34", "quote_text_en": "يرى الحزب أن إقتصاد السوق وآليات العرض والطلب وقدرات الأفراد فى ظل المنافسة الحرة هى الضامنة لأكفأ توزيع وأفضل إستخدام للموارد الوطنية", "quote_text_ar": "يرى الحزب أن إقتصاد السوق وآليات العرض والطلب وقدرات الأفراد فى ظل المنافسة الحرة هى الضامنة لأكفأ توزيع وأفضل إستخدام للموارد الوطنية", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "المبادئ الأساسية للحزب الوطني الديمقراطي ('الفكر الجديد') (NDP Basic Principles / 'New Thought')", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20080724213215/http://ndp.org.eg/ar/Aboutus/1.aspx", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1ef7a2cf-3cb5-498b-aefe-3ef34b80a996", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "04bdcbc5-5631-4d28-a717-2beeac60fe34", "quote_text_en": "يؤكد الحزب على دور الإسلام ومبادئ شريعته السمحاء باعتبارها المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع، وعلى أهمية تجديد الخطاب الديني", "quote_text_ar": "يؤكد الحزب على دور الإسلام ومبادئ شريعته السمحاء باعتبارها المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع، وعلى أهمية تجديد الخطاب الديني", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "المبادئ الأساسية للحزب الوطني الديمقراطي ('الفكر الجديد') (NDP Basic Principles / 'New Thought')", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20080724213215/http://ndp.org.eg/ar/Aboutus/1.aspx", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a6d8569b-a5dd-4a9f-b137-09a710d436a2", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000400", "quote_text_en": "لا خيار لنا إلا السعي إلي إقامة المجتمع العصامي الفلسطيني من خلال المؤسسات الأهلية القائمة علي القيم الإسلامية", "quote_text_ar": "لا خيار لنا إلا السعي إلي إقامة المجتمع العصامي الفلسطيني من خلال المؤسسات الأهلية القائمة علي القيم الإسلامية", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "حوار مع الشيخ رائد صلاح — المجتمع العصامي والمفاصلة التامة (Northern Islamic Movement — Raed Salah programmatic interview)", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.islamweb.net/ar/article/13978/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6767d0e0-5b01-4198-98b9-f829c066f855", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000400", "quote_text_en": "فأصبحت المفاصلة تامة … ويتساوي في ذلك اليمين واليسار الصهيوني ؛ فهما شريكان في المشروع الصهيوني", "quote_text_ar": "فأصبحت المفاصلة تامة … ويتساوي في ذلك اليمين واليسار الصهيوني ؛ فهما شريكان في المشروع الصهيوني", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "حوار مع الشيخ رائد صلاح — المجتمع العصامي والمفاصلة التامة (Northern Islamic Movement — Raed Salah programmatic interview)", "spoken_year": 2002, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.islamweb.net/ar/article/13978/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "58ac7259-4812-484f-bf20-23c8859dcefc", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "815abb5e-85b1-42c7-82f6-7d12067cf0e4", "quote_text_en": "إن هذا الحل الاشتراكى هو المخرج الوحيد إلى التقدم الاقتصادى والاجتماعى، وهو طريق الديمقراطية فى كل أشكالها السياسية والاجتماعية.", "quote_text_ar": "إن هذا الحل الاشتراكى هو المخرج الوحيد إلى التقدم الاقتصادى والاجتماعى، وهو طريق الديمقراطية فى كل أشكالها السياسية والاجتماعية.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "الميثاق الوطني (ميثاق العمل الوطني) — الباب السادس: في حتمية الحل الاشتراكي (Nasser's National Charter, Ch. 6: the inevitability of the socialist solution)", "spoken_year": 1962, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://nasser.bibalex.org/Data/website%20html/Nasser/Nasser--Protect/website/0024/0053/0064/620521.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "7634bdd5-adfa-4e66-a999-9b76b16236c6", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "815abb5e-85b1-42c7-82f6-7d12067cf0e4", "quote_text_en": "إن سيطرة الشعب على كل أدوات الإنتاج لا تستلزم تأميم كل وسائل الإنتاج، ولا تلغى الملكية الخاصة، ولا تمس حق الإرث الشرعى", "quote_text_ar": "إن سيطرة الشعب على كل أدوات الإنتاج لا تستلزم تأميم كل وسائل الإنتاج، ولا تلغى الملكية الخاصة، ولا تمس حق الإرث الشرعى", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "الميثاق الوطني (ميثاق العمل الوطني) — الباب السادس: في حتمية الحل الاشتراكي (Nasser's National Charter, Ch. 6: the inevitability of the socialist solution)", "spoken_year": 1962, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://nasser.bibalex.org/Data/website%20html/Nasser/Nasser--Protect/website/0024/0053/0064/620521.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "51414857-64d4-4076-a3d3-6454fae4a18b", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000503", "quote_text_en": "يناضل الحزب من اجل تجسيد وتكريس الديمقراطية كمنظومة متكاملة، وكأساس للنظام السياسي للبلاد … والتعددية الحزبية والسياسية، والتداول السلمي للسلطة", "quote_text_ar": "يناضل الحزب من اجل تجسيد وتكريس الديمقراطية كمنظومة متكاملة، وكأساس للنظام السياسي للبلاد … والتعددية الحزبية والسياسية، والتداول السلمي للسلطة", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "البرنامج السياسي للحزب الاشتراكي اليمني — المؤتمر العام الخامس (YSP Political Programme, 5th General Congress)", "spoken_year": 2005, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://althawry.net/?page_id=4743", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "df2e6c75-3d4d-403c-9497-df2af8cc4800", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000503", "quote_text_en": "تعديل النظام الانتخابي من نظام الدائرة الفردية إلى نظام القوائم الانتخابية والتمثيل النسبي.", "quote_text_ar": "تعديل النظام الانتخابي من نظام الدائرة الفردية إلى نظام القوائم الانتخابية والتمثيل النسبي.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "البرنامج السياسي للحزب الاشتراكي اليمني — المؤتمر العام الخامس (YSP Political Programme, 5th General Congress)", "spoken_year": 2005, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://althawry.net/?page_id=4743", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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Why accept that Israel is a state above the law?", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mahmoud Abbas — Address to the 78th UN General Assembly, 21 September 2023 (official English text)", "spoken_year": 2023, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/78/ps_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "94f03f02-6bbc-4ee7-99a2-f3537737decf", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000040", "quote_text_en": "استمرار دعم مسيرة السلام الإسرائيلي _ الفلسطيني من أجل إقامة دولة فلسطينية مستقلة وعاصمتها القدس الشريف إلى جانب دولة إسرائيل في حدود حزيران 1967.", "quote_text_ar": "استمرار دعم مسيرة السلام الإسرائيلي _ الفلسطيني من أجل إقامة دولة فلسطينية مستقلة وعاصمتها القدس الشريف إلى جانب دولة إسرائيل في حدود حزيران 1967.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "الحركة العربية للتغيير — مبادئ الحركة (Ta'al / Arab Movement for Renewal — Movement Principles)", "spoken_year": 1996, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://www.amc-a.com/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "e8cab691-b94d-416e-b723-3ea1557d1611", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000040", "quote_text_en": "من خلال شعار \"المشاركه المدنيه الكامله\" والاعتراف بالجماهير العربيه في البلاد كأقليه قوميه.", "quote_text_ar": "من خلال شعار \"المشاركه المدنيه الكامله\" والاعتراف بالجماهير العربيه في البلاد كأقليه قوميه.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "الحركة العربية للتغيير — مبادئ الحركة (Ta'al / Arab Movement for Renewal — Movement Principles)", "spoken_year": 1996, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://www.amc-a.com/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "142ca9ef-c4ee-491c-a97c-e3fc67964564", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000040", "quote_text_en": "التاكيد على الهويه الثقافيه والوطنيه الفلسطينيه للجماهير العربيه في اسرائيل واهمية التواصل القومي مع الامه العربيه .", "quote_text_ar": "التاكيد على الهويه الثقافيه والوطنيه الفلسطينيه للجماهير العربيه في اسرائيل واهمية التواصل القومي مع الامه العربيه .", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "الحركة العربية للتغيير — مبادئ الحركة (Ta'al / Arab Movement for Renewal — Movement Principles)", "spoken_year": 1996, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://www.amc-a.com/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c309001f-f689-4699-857f-8888af7049d3", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000600", "quote_text_en": "נבנה מחדש את ישראל כמדינה יהודית, דמוקרטית, עוצמתית, מתקדמת וצודקת – ברוח מגילת העצמאות.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "נבנה מחדש את ישראל כמדינה יהודית, דמוקרטית, עוצמתית, מתקדמת וצודקת – ברוח מגילת העצמאות.", "context_en": "ישר! עם איזנקוט — מטרות המפלגה (Yashar! 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With Eisenkot — Party Goals)", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://yasharwitheisenkot.com/topic/missions/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "df3a6cc3-4528-468e-ab13-8e9cd9e78bcc", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000600", "quote_text_en": "כהונתו של ראש הממשלה תוגבל (לשתי קדנציות) ויוגבל מספר השרים בממשלה.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "כהונתו של ראש הממשלה תוגבל (לשתי קדנציות) ויוגבל מספר השרים בממשלה.", "context_en": "ישר! עם איזנקוט — מטרות המפלגה (Yashar! 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Rather it is an honorable and sacred means that is exercised by any group whose land is occupied.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FPM–Hezbollah Memorandum of Understanding (the Mar Mikhael Church document), 6 February 2006 (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article163916.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "def14313-7bf6-48a6-a72a-ed99cab8bef7", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002", "quote_text_en": "Hezbollah's weapons should be addressed as part of a global approach... the definition of objective conditions that would lead to a cessation of the reasons and justifications for keeping those weapons.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FPM–Hezbollah Memorandum of Understanding (the Mar Mikhael Church document), 6 February 2006 (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article163916.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "0eb7e4c4-7147-4ac5-8d5d-e22e4cfd2198", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "quote_text_en": "إسرائيل تجرّب أسلحتها في الجنوب، تعمل مناورات على قرانا بالذخيرة الحية.\" (Israel tests its weapons in the South, running live-fire manoeuvres on our villages.)", "quote_text_ar": "إسرائيل تجرّب أسلحتها في الجنوب، تعمل مناورات على قرانا بالذخيرة الحية.\" (Israel tests its weapons in the South, running live-fire manoeuvres on our villages.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Imam Musa al-Sadr — Baalbek address founding Harakat al-Mahrumin (the parent movement of Amal), 17 March 1974 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20220517031225/https://www.moqawama.org/essaydetails.php?eid=4727&cid=243", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "dcd61f77-0088-4bd7-b0dc-40b0deaa9718", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "quote_text_en": "نريد أن نربّي جيلاً يتمكن من حمل السلاح بيد والمنجل باليد الأخرى.\" (We want to raise a generation able to carry a weapon in one hand and a sickle in the other.)", "quote_text_ar": "نريد أن نربّي جيلاً يتمكن من حمل السلاح بيد والمنجل باليد الأخرى.\" (We want to raise a generation able to carry a weapon in one hand and a sickle in the other.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Imam Musa al-Sadr — Baalbek address founding Harakat al-Mahrumin (the parent movement of Amal), 17 March 1974 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1974, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20220517031225/https://www.moqawama.org/essaydetails.php?eid=4727&cid=243", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "0ca00a54-cb0c-4b2e-a673-a455c07de213", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004", "quote_text_en": "فصل الدين عن الدولة فصلاً واعتبار العلمانية أسّاً جوهرياً... فلا عصبية دينية ولا طائفية سياسية ولا تمييز.\" (Full separation of religion and state; secularism as an essential foundation; no religious or political-sectarian discrimination.) — PSP charter", "quote_text_ar": "فصل الدين عن الدولة فصلاً واعتبار العلمانية أسّاً جوهرياً... فلا عصبية دينية ولا طائفية سياسية ولا تمييز.\" (Full separation of religion and state; secularism as an essential foundation; no religious or political-sectarian discrimination.) — PSP charter", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Charter of the Progressive Socialist Party (ميثاق الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي) — creed and internal/foreign policy (Lebanon; Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20050908183004/http://www.psp.org.lb/ar/charter.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2206190d-72eb-42ef-b7da-1d50a4d4cff8", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000060", "quote_text_en": "To achieve women's liberation and their equality with men in all fields of political, economic, and social life.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Political Program of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), Central Committee, Fall 1975 (official English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1975, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/subject/israel-palestine/dflp/dflp-political-program.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "776931d1-5970-42e4-b999-cffec203dfb0", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000004", "quote_text_en": "يتبنى الحزب... مبادىء الإشتراكية العالمية... في توزيع وسائل الملكية والإنتاج.\" (The party adopts the principles of world socialism in the distribution of the means of ownership and production.) — PSP charter", "quote_text_ar": "يتبنى الحزب... مبادىء الإشتراكية العالمية... في توزيع وسائل الملكية والإنتاج.\" (The party adopts the principles of world socialism in the distribution of the means of ownership and production.) — PSP charter", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Charter of the Progressive Socialist Party (ميثاق الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي) — creed and internal/foreign policy (Lebanon; Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20050908183004/http://www.psp.org.lb/ar/charter.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "64aa59b6-b864-4b49-9a2c-60163e5cb9ef", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000320", "quote_text_en": "Citizens are equal before the law in rights and duties, without discrimination based on race, religion, gender or lineage.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic (13 March 2025) — the HTS-led transitional government's foundational instrument", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025.03.13%20-%20Constitutional%20declaration%20(English).pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d9c73d88-a060-44cd-b57a-8dbaa90beea7", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000320", "quote_text_en": "The State shall preserve the social status of women, protect their dignity and their role within the family and society.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Constitutional Declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic (13 March 2025) — the HTS-led transitional government's foundational instrument", "spoken_year": 2025, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/2025.03.13%20-%20Constitutional%20declaration%20(English).pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ff30c020-2f8d-4ab1-9bea-5eb511b228e4", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Establish Islamic Shari'ah as the main source of legislation in Palestine.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas — 'Change and Reform' List 2006 electoral platform (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hamascase.com/volume-i/06_hamas-manifesto/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "78a40341-cba2-488c-8b48-4fa6d907a3a3", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Political liberties, pluralism, the freedom to form political parties... and the peaceful alternation of power... the guarantee for reform, combating corruption.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas — 'Change and Reform' List 2006 electoral platform (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hamascase.com/volume-i/06_hamas-manifesto/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5497192d-6b30-47e0-821b-706329b8bfc8", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "They have the right to endeavor to regain their rights and end the occupation using all available means including armed resistance.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas — 'Change and Reform' List 2006 electoral platform (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hamascase.com/volume-i/06_hamas-manifesto/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "913e87f1-ef1a-45b6-ba86-67d87c9fefe6", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Achieve economic and monetary independence and disengage with the Zionist entity and its economy and currency.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas — 'Change and Reform' List 2006 electoral platform (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2006, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.hamascase.com/volume-i/06_hamas-manifesto/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "52b50d78-652b-4888-bfae-d2bf9fd8f23b", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "2c4a6484-920f-4ef7-bfa8-70cfa869ff83", "quote_text_en": "סיום הכיבוש וחלוקת הארץ לשתי מדינות עבור שני העמים היושבים בה הכרחיים הן לשלום והן לביטחון.\" (Ending the occupation and partition into two states is essential for both peace and security.)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "סיום הכיבוש וחלוקת הארץ לשתי מדינות עבור שני העמים היושבים בה הכרחיים הן לשלום והן לביטחון.\" (Ending the occupation and partition into two states is essential for both peace and security.)", "context_en": "Meretz — 2022 (25th Knesset) party platform, Chapter 3: 'Security and Peace' (מצע מרצ; Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://meretz.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A6.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f8e60026-c550-40c8-b868-01f277741f30", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "2c4a6484-920f-4ef7-bfa8-70cfa869ff83", "quote_text_en": "היעד המדיני העליון של מדינת ישראל הוא קיום בשלום ... עם כל שכנותיה וסיום השליטה על הפלסטינים.\" (Israel's supreme political objective is peace with all its neighbours and ending control over the Palestinians.)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "היעד המדיני העליון של מדינת ישראל הוא קיום בשלום ... עם כל שכנותיה וסיום השליטה על הפלסטינים.\" (Israel's supreme political objective is peace with all its neighbours and ending control over the Palestinians.)", "context_en": "Meretz — 2022 (25th Knesset) party platform, Chapter 3: 'Security and Peace' (מצע מרצ; Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://meretz.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A6.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2308b1f4-1b38-4349-ba8b-3805fb552fb6", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "2c4a6484-920f-4ef7-bfa8-70cfa869ff83", "quote_text_en": "מרצ תומכת בהקמת מדינה פלסטינית ... על בסיס הקו הירוק תוך חילופי שטחים מוסכמים ביחס של 1:1.\" (Meretz supports a Palestinian state on the Green Line with agreed 1:1 land swaps.)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": "מרצ תומכת בהקמת מדינה פלסטינית ... על בסיס הקו הירוק תוך חילופי שטחים מוסכמים ביחס של 1:1.\" (Meretz supports a Palestinian state on the Green Line with agreed 1:1 land swaps.)", "context_en": "Meretz — 2022 (25th Knesset) party platform, Chapter 3: 'Security and Peace' (מצע מרצ; Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://meretz.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2-%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A6.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d001e028-9e1a-418f-8829-84af626221f2", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000282", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "إنني لم أدع يوما العصمة أو الاجتهاد ولا حتى (القيادة) إنما أنا آمر بالمعروف وناه عن المنكر.\" (I never claimed infallibility, ijtihad, or even leadership.)", "quote_text_ar": "إنني لم أدع يوما العصمة أو الاجتهاد ولا حتى (القيادة) إنما أنا آمر بالمعروف وناه عن المنكر.\" (I never claimed infallibility, ijtihad, or even leadership.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Muqtada al-Sadr — statement announcing his 'final retirement' from politics (Twitter communiqué, 29 August 2022; Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2022/08/29/alsadr-retires-politics-iraq-iran", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5d33e42e-e3f8-4257-8516-8b5f06f78bd6", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "quote_text_en": "نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله و نرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم.\" (We reject secularism that separates religion and state, and we reject a theocracy that lets clerics rule.)", "quote_text_ar": "نرفض العلمانية التي تفصل بين الدين والدوله و نرفض الدولة الثيوقراطية التي تسمح بسيطرة رجال الدين على الحكم.\" (We reject secularism that separates religion and state, and we reject a theocracy that lets clerics rule.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420010230/https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "539855b6-cd70-450f-888e-49140f06ea19", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "quote_text_en": "الإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع.\" (Islam is the state religion and the principles of Islamic sharia are the main source of legislation.)", "quote_text_ar": "الإسلام دين الدولة ومبادئ الشريعه الإسلاميه هي المصدر الرئيسي للتشريع.\" (Islam is the state religion and the principles of Islamic sharia are the main source of legislation.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420010230/https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9a09562b-1656-4cf5-8f02-3edc150c4cf1", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "quote_text_en": "الديمقراطيه التي تحميها سيادة القانون والقضاء المستقل ... والصحافة الحرة والإعلام المستقل.\" (Democracy protected by rule of law, an independent judiciary, a free press and independent media.)", "quote_text_ar": "الديمقراطيه التي تحميها سيادة القانون والقضاء المستقل ... والصحافة الحرة والإعلام المستقل.\" (Democracy protected by rule of law, an independent judiciary, a free press and independent media.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420010230/https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "444eece1-7b44-4355-955a-9197652464e3", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "quote_text_en": "الإعتماد على نظام الاقتصاد الحر والذي يعطي للقطاع الخاص النصيب الأكبر.\" (Reliance on a free-economy system giving the private sector the largest share.)", "quote_text_ar": "الإعتماد على نظام الاقتصاد الحر والذي يعطي للقطاع الخاص النصيب الأكبر.\" (Reliance on a free-economy system giving the private sector the largest share.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "New Wafd Party — electoral programme: 'The Constants of the Wafd' (ثوابت الوفد), 2011 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2011, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240420010230/https://egyptianpartiesprograms.wordpress.com/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AF/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b2c19353-c44d-4ac8-91ae-74a115de57de", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000520", "quote_text_en": "Al Wefaq is characterized as the moderate opposition force, looking to reform the current system to create a genuine constitutional monarchy and a democratic civil state.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society — written evidence to the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (Bahrain inquiry), February 2013", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20141203142633id_/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmfaff/88/88we11.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "391e9185-817f-4094-b064-c2cd6698e398", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000520", "quote_text_en": "They call for the establishment of moderate democratic principles such as the separation of powers, free and fair elections, an elected Government and respect for human rights and the rule of law.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society — written evidence to the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (Bahrain inquiry), February 2013", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20141203142633id_/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmfaff/88/88we11.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "70951f8b-9bf4-4ebd-ae18-9c74ca350c55", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000520", "quote_text_en": "Al Wefaq... withdrew their MP's after the crackdown against peaceful demonstrators in February 2011.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society — written evidence to the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (Bahrain inquiry), February 2013", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20141203142633id_/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmfaff/88/88we11.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4f96c929-fe99-472b-8d6e-46629a2b04c8", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000520", "quote_text_en": "A fair and democratic constitutional monarchy, with respect for human rights, will be the only outcome to create long-term stability in Bahrain.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society — written evidence to the UK House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee (Bahrain inquiry), February 2013", "spoken_year": 2013, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20141203142633id_/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmfaff/88/88we11.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c8a5bc26-73fb-4a8d-b9ae-1778f6fe80da", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000282", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "الآن أُعلن الاعتزال النهائي وغلق كافة المؤسسات إلا المرقد الشريف والمتحف الشريف.\" (I now announce my final retirement and the closure of all institutions.)", "quote_text_ar": "الآن أُعلن الاعتزال النهائي وغلق كافة المؤسسات إلا المرقد الشريف والمتحف الشريف.\" (I now announce my final retirement and the closure of all institutions.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Muqtada al-Sadr — statement announcing his 'final retirement' from politics (Twitter communiqué, 29 August 2022; Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2022/08/29/alsadr-retires-politics-iraq-iran", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "53e6747c-e4a6-46b5-a131-d2f6c6b0ee35", "politician_id": "a874e4c4-6361-4fc3-a435-f05c86809123", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Tant qu'ils sont là, au pouvoir, on ne pourra pas pérenniser la sécurité nationale ou même régionale.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Abir Moussi — 'Ennahdha n'est pas un parti de souche tunisienne' (Jeune Afrique interview, 23 September 2020)", "spoken_year": 2020, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1048486/politique/tunisie-abir-moussi-ennahdha-nest-pas-un-parti-de-souche-tunisienne/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a5dadc5f-96c9-486b-8aa4-4f9a0012a50f", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000282", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "ما أردتُ إلا أن أقوم الإعوجاج الذي كان السبب الأكبر فيه هو القوى السياسية الشيعية.\" (I only wanted to straighten the crookedness caused chiefly by the Shia political forces.)", "quote_text_ar": "ما أردتُ إلا أن أقوم الإعوجاج الذي كان السبب الأكبر فيه هو القوى السياسية الشيعية.\" (I only wanted to straighten the crookedness caused chiefly by the Shia political forces.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Muqtada al-Sadr — statement announcing his 'final retirement' from politics (Twitter communiqué, 29 August 2022; Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2022, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2022/08/29/alsadr-retires-politics-iraq-iran", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c750d8f5-5a0f-44d6-8980-65b41188609e", "politician_id": "375fbe06-7506-4a9e-9d70-13c73d12177f", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "« La loi fondamentale sacralise ainsi un code négrier, dont les visées esclavagistes dénient, de facto, l'égalité entre les races noire et blanche et autorise des musulmans à réduire en esclavage d'autres musulmans. »", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Biram Dah Abeid — 'La loi fondamentale sacralise un code négrier' (Le Point Afrique interview, 28 December 2017)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250716052031/https://www.chezvlane.com/Mauritanie-Biram-Dah-Abeid-La-loi-fondamentale-sacralise-un-code-negrier_a5580.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c3b963d8-c22e-402b-8893-d07a68ce0ad4", "politician_id": "375fbe06-7506-4a9e-9d70-13c73d12177f", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "« La version locale de la charia islamique légalise, légitime et sacralise cette pratique. »", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Biram Dah Abeid — 'La loi fondamentale sacralise un code négrier' (Le Point Afrique interview, 28 December 2017)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250716052031/https://www.chezvlane.com/Mauritanie-Biram-Dah-Abeid-La-loi-fondamentale-sacralise-un-code-negrier_a5580.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "85cfaf62-bc7c-49c9-8b7f-88bafa0ed7af", "politician_id": "375fbe06-7506-4a9e-9d70-13c73d12177f", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "« En réalité, ce sont des militants anti-esclavagistes qui partent en prison. »", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Biram Dah Abeid — 'La loi fondamentale sacralise un code négrier' (Le Point Afrique interview, 28 December 2017)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250716052031/https://www.chezvlane.com/Mauritanie-Biram-Dah-Abeid-La-loi-fondamentale-sacralise-un-code-negrier_a5580.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "7af4ae1d-06c7-49c6-9cd5-44f055ac2c94", "politician_id": "375fbe06-7506-4a9e-9d70-13c73d12177f", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "« L'hymne national adopté est sectaire, inspiré par l'extrême droite arabo-berbère raciste et conservatrice. »", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Biram Dah Abeid — 'La loi fondamentale sacralise un code négrier' (Le Point Afrique interview, 28 December 2017)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://web.archive.org/web/20250716052031/https://www.chezvlane.com/Mauritanie-Biram-Dah-Abeid-La-loi-fondamentale-sacralise-un-code-negrier_a5580.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c9d1f082-6839-4602-92bd-17ae49485835", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000402", "quote_text_en": "إن الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ ترى ضرورة التزام الحاكم بالشرع الإسلامي طالما أنه حاكم لشعب مسلم.\" (The ruler must commit to Islamic law so long as he rules a Muslim people.)", "quote_text_ar": "إن الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ ترى ضرورة التزام الحاكم بالشرع الإسلامي طالما أنه حاكم لشعب مسلم.\" (The ruler must commit to Islamic law so long as he rules a Muslim people.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FIS — Political Résolution to the President of the Republic (اللائحة السياسية للجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ), 25 Ramadan 1410 / April 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://archive.org/details/FisBookFinalA5fnt12", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9729cdc8-348b-4a15-8fb7-2febbeca6f5a", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000402", "quote_text_en": "تكوين هيئة سياسية مستقلة من مختلف الأحزاب ... لضمان سلامة الانتخابات.\" (An independent multi-party body to guarantee clean elections.)", "quote_text_ar": "تكوين هيئة سياسية مستقلة من مختلف الأحزاب ... لضمان سلامة الانتخابات.\" (An independent multi-party body to guarantee clean elections.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FIS — Political Résolution to the President of the Republic (اللائحة السياسية للجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ), 25 Ramadan 1410 / April 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://archive.org/details/FisBookFinalA5fnt12", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "bad7a9a1-a9d6-482c-8512-89cb3297907d", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000402", "quote_text_en": "وضع حد لاحتكار أجهزة الإعلام ... من طرف الدولة و الحزب الواحد.\" (End the state/single-party monopoly over the media.)", "quote_text_ar": "وضع حد لاحتكار أجهزة الإعلام ... من طرف الدولة و الحزب الواحد.\" (End the state/single-party monopoly over the media.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FIS — Political Résolution to the President of the Republic (اللائحة السياسية للجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ), 25 Ramadan 1410 / April 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://archive.org/details/FisBookFinalA5fnt12", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c751bb7a-2c64-4485-856d-107b341dd251", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000402", "quote_text_en": "وضع خطة لمساعدة الإنتفاضة الفلسطينية ... و مساعدة الجهاد الأفغاني.\" (A plan to aid the Palestinian Intifada and the Afghan jihad.)", "quote_text_ar": "وضع خطة لمساعدة الإنتفاضة الفلسطينية ... و مساعدة الجهاد الأفغاني.\" (A plan to aid the Palestinian Intifada and the Afghan jihad.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FIS — Political Résolution to the President of the Republic (اللائحة السياسية للجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ), 25 Ramadan 1410 / April 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://archive.org/details/FisBookFinalA5fnt12", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "daed8792-ace3-4884-b50d-bf6015287c3a", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000501", "quote_text_en": "الإسلام عقيدة وشريعة... وشريعة تنظم الحياة بمختلف مجالاتها.\" (Islam is creed and sharia; a sharia that orders life in all its domains.)", "quote_text_ar": "الإسلام عقيدة وشريعة... وشريعة تنظم الحياة بمختلف مجالاتها.\" (Islam is creed and sharia; a sharia that orders life in all its domains.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yemeni Congregation for Reform (al-Islah) — Basic/Founding Statement (البيان الأساسي), 13 September 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?sid=15", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b1534c40-956e-4ec2-a4aa-b824142c0154", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Israel will exist and will continue to exist until Islam will obliterate it, just as it obliterated others before it.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas Covenant, 18 August 1988 — The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1988, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6e0b6526-45dc-4e49-8b7a-2e95a51ad838", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000501", "quote_text_en": "الديمقراطية المنضبطة بأحكام الإسلام أسلوب لممارسة الحكم، ورفض للاستبداد.\" (Democracy constrained by Islam is the method of rule, and a rejection of despotism.)", "quote_text_ar": "الديمقراطية المنضبطة بأحكام الإسلام أسلوب لممارسة الحكم، ورفض للاستبداد.\" (Democracy constrained by Islam is the method of rule, and a rejection of despotism.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yemeni Congregation for Reform (al-Islah) — Basic/Founding Statement (البيان الأساسي), 13 September 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?sid=15", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b1c0490f-1f5f-4f7d-b2fa-bf2a8939e519", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000501", "quote_text_en": "اعتبار الشريعة الإسلامية مصدر التشريعات جميعاً.\" (Sharia is the source of all legislation.)", "quote_text_ar": "اعتبار الشريعة الإسلامية مصدر التشريعات جميعاً.\" (Sharia is the source of all legislation.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yemeni Congregation for Reform (al-Islah) — Basic/Founding Statement (البيان الأساسي), 13 September 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?sid=15", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "3becbd12-8d38-4c77-845a-e8b568bdc08e", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000501", "quote_text_en": "الأمة العربية والإسلامية أمة واحدة، والسعي لتحقيق وحدتها واجب شرعي.\" (The Arab and Islamic nation is one nation; striving for its unity is a sharia duty.)", "quote_text_ar": "الأمة العربية والإسلامية أمة واحدة، والسعي لتحقيق وحدتها واجب شرعي.\" (The Arab and Islamic nation is one nation; striving for its unity is a sharia duty.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Yemeni Congregation for Reform (al-Islah) — Basic/Founding Statement (البيان الأساسي), 13 September 1990 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1990, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://alislah-ye.net/news_details.php?sid=15", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "60ca2bc6-de1a-4a38-a0be-c5f4e2473298", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "مسؤولية التصدي لهم ومقاتلتهم هي مسؤولية الجميع ولا يختص بطائفةٍ دون أخرى أو بطرفٍ دون آخر.\" (Confronting them is the responsibility of all, not of one sect or party.)", "quote_text_ar": "مسؤولية التصدي لهم ومقاتلتهم هي مسؤولية الجميع ولا يختص بطائفةٍ دون أخرى أو بطرفٍ دون آخر.\" (Confronting them is the responsibility of all, not of one sect or party.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani — the al-jihad al-kifa'i (collective-duty defense) fatwa against ISIS, read by Sheikh Abdul-Mahdi al-Karbalai, Karbala, 13 June 2014 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.sistani.org/arabic/archive/24918/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ed6c255e-73ea-4d14-8246-f75ae45fd98d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "هذا الدفاع واجب على المواطنين بالوجوب الكفائي.\" (This defense is a collective duty upon the citizens.)", "quote_text_ar": "هذا الدفاع واجب على المواطنين بالوجوب الكفائي.\" (This defense is a collective duty upon the citizens.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani — the al-jihad al-kifa'i (collective-duty defense) fatwa against ISIS, read by Sheikh Abdul-Mahdi al-Karbalai, Karbala, 13 June 2014 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.sistani.org/arabic/archive/24918/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9aa24d97-1fc8-4d3c-8d32-6aa9c97a3711", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000412", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "المواطنون الذين يتمكنون من حمل السلاح ومقاتلة الارهابيين ... عليهم التطوع للانخراط في القوات الأمنية.\" (Citizens able to bear arms must volunteer to join the security forces.)", "quote_text_ar": "المواطنون الذين يتمكنون من حمل السلاح ومقاتلة الارهابيين ... عليهم التطوع للانخراط في القوات الأمنية.\" (Citizens able to bear arms must volunteer to join the security forces.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani — the al-jihad al-kifa'i (collective-duty defense) fatwa against ISIS, read by Sheikh Abdul-Mahdi al-Karbalai, Karbala, 13 June 2014 (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2014, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.sistani.org/arabic/archive/24918/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "877a88c7-777c-4a6b-895b-189112c137b0", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000418", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Thus it is clear that representation is a fraud.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Muammar Gaddafi — The Green Book, Part One: 'The Authority of the People' (1975; English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1975, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://archive.org/stream/gaddafi-green-book/gaddafi-green-book_djvu.txt", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5f5932d2-6b4e-4ef9-aa3a-a03d1960112f", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000418", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Parliaments have been a legal barrier between the people and the exercise of authority.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Muammar Gaddafi — The Green Book, Part One: 'The Authority of the People' (1975; 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Les liens sont attestés.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Abir Moussi — 'Ennahdha n'est pas un parti de souche tunisienne' (Jeune Afrique interview, 23 September 2020)", "spoken_year": 2020, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1048486/politique/tunisie-abir-moussi-ennahdha-nest-pas-un-parti-de-souche-tunisienne/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8c034e1b-6bd0-499b-ace0-802ebf3f29eb", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "quote_text_en": "وتعتبر أن نظام الطائفية السياسية في لبنان لم يعط ثماره، وهو الآن يمنع التطور السياسي ويجمد المؤسسات الوطنية ويصنف المواطنين.", "quote_text_ar": "وتعتبر أن نظام الطائفية السياسية في لبنان لم يعط ثماره، وهو الآن يمنع التطور السياسي ويجمد المؤسسات الوطنية ويصنف المواطنين.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "ميثاق حركة المحرومين (Charter of the Movement of the Deprived) — founding charter of what became the Amal Movement", "spoken_year": 1976, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://amal-movement.org/?page_id=3828", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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The PUK is a member of Socialist International.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PUK: 49 Years Struggle for Kurdistan — PUKMEDIA statement of principles & founding", "spoken_year": 2024, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.pukmedia.com/EN/Details/76606", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "36059193-c963-4f4e-aeff-f8b93104f4c2", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000102", "quote_text_en": "يستند الحزب في نشاطه الى النظرية الماركسية اللينينية الخلاقة، ويستلهم في قضايا الفكر والتحليل السياسي منهجها العلمي المادي الجدلي", "quote_text_ar": "يستند الحزب في نشاطه الى النظرية الماركسية اللينينية الخلاقة، ويستلهم في قضايا الفكر والتحليل السياسي منهجها العلمي المادي الجدلي", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "البرنامج السياسي للحزب الشيوعي الأردني (أقرّه المؤتمر الخامس، 2010) — Jordanian Communist Party political programme", "spoken_year": 2010, "source_citations": [ { "url": "http://www.jordanpolitics.org/ar/parties-documents-view/6/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A/9", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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A society in which political pluralism and peaceful transfer of power be implemented.\" — c.2021", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) — 'What is KDP?' party self-definition and National & Patriotic Goals (party's own English edition)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.kdp-fro.krd/aboutkdpen", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2b642ed2-9e8c-4b8f-a6ef-22fb3b5f33d9", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000303", "quote_text_en": "Establishing the federal parliamentary democratic system in Iraq in such a way as to guarantee the Iraqis the right to full citizenship.\" — c.2021", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) — 'What is KDP?' party self-definition and National & Patriotic Goals (party's own English edition)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.kdp-fro.krd/aboutkdpen", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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we act within the law.)", "quote_text_ar": "إذن ليس تعليقا للدستور، وليس خروجا على الشرعية الدستورية، نحن نعمل في إطار القانون.\" (This is not a suspension of the constitution; we act within the law.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Kais Saied — 25 July 2021 address invoking Article 80 to freeze parliament and dismiss the PM (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2384879", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4040be01-4b38-4769-bee7-4ce8be3f18da", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000250", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "إما أنك مع الشعب، وإما إنك في الصف المقابل ضده.\" (Either you are with the people, or in the opposing camp against them.)", "quote_text_ar": "إما أنك مع الشعب، وإما إنك في الصف المقابل ضده.\" (Either you are with the people, or in the opposing camp against them.)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Kais Saied — 25 July 2021 address invoking Article 80 to freeze parliament and dismiss the PM (Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/2384879", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; 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I am here in a different bloc — the bloc that voted for me to serve my people.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mansour Abbas — prime-time televised 'coexistence' address (1 April 2021; delivered in Hebrew; Times of Israel English text)", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/text-of-mansour-abbass-speech-i-seek-coexistence-based-on-mutual-respect-equality/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "e6c56fb4-af72-4086-b5ed-76668c5a6a5c", "politician_id": "b0f6b75e-e779-4151-bda7-f4b7ed8fa813", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "My approach is what can we say yes to, and less what we can say no to.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mansour Abbas — prime-time televised 'coexistence' address (1 April 2021; delivered in Hebrew; Times of Israel English text)", "spoken_year": 2021, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/text-of-mansour-abbass-speech-i-seek-coexistence-based-on-mutual-respect-equality/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4c3fb76d-7938-4d6a-8649-33bb5f2b768a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "there is no room in the Land of Israel for two conflicting national movements.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Bezalel Smotrich — 'Israel's Decisive Plan' (Hashiloach, 2017; English translation of Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://hashiloach.org.il/israels-decisive-plan/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "39858178-a42a-409c-9ee9-ad0a1c78bf97", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "It requires the application of full Israeli sovereignty to the heartland regions of Judea and Samaria... bringing hundreds of thousands of additional settlers.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Bezalel Smotrich — 'Israel's Decisive Plan' (Hashiloach, 2017; English translation of Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://hashiloach.org.il/israels-decisive-plan/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ab774ef3-052f-4503-b372-71074e392c79", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Those who choose not to let go of their national ambitions will receive aid to emigrate... Such terrorists will be dealt with by the security forces with a strong hand.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Bezalel Smotrich — 'Israel's Decisive Plan' (Hashiloach, 2017; English translation of Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2017, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://hashiloach.org.il/israels-decisive-plan/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c7be0443-52ab-4e9b-ba32-0003f94c07c5", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000212", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Lacking the full right to vote for national parliament does not mean apartheid rule; at most, it is... a deficit in the democracy.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Bezalel Smotrich — 'Israel's Decisive Plan' (Hashiloach, 2017; 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Sovereignty will also apply to and include Judea and Samaria and the holy and historic sites, chief among them the Temple Mount, will be returned to their Jewish owners.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Otzma Yehudit party platform — 'Aliya, Construction, Emigration and Peace' (2019; English translation of Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": 2019, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Politics/Otzma_political_platform.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "fdda323c-23a5-4450-8841-ddc7cddd3844", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000048", "quote_text_en": "We will work towards the emigration of the enemies of the State of Israel to their respective lands, including both Arab and Western countries.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Otzma Yehudit party platform — 'Aliya, Construction, Emigration and Peace' (2019; 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official English edition of the Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://pflp-documents.org/strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine-english-1969/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "95d9637f-eb75-4821-bb25-34b74ca20540", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "quote_text_en": "Thus the struggle for the liberation of Palestine, like any other liberation struggle in the world, becomes a struggle against world imperialism.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PFLP — Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP Second Congress, February 1969; official English edition of the Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://pflp-documents.org/strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine-english-1969/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "3362ce9a-f34b-4614-915c-968273e1d5c4", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000033", "quote_text_en": "The revolutionary classes on the Palestinian field are the workers and peasants.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "PFLP — Strategy for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP Second Congress, February 1969; official English edition of the Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1969, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://pflp-documents.org/strategy-for-the-liberation-of-palestine-english-1969/", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c084a304-2f8a-4ccf-b36d-97c1720287a0", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000310", "quote_text_en": "The National Liberation Front is your front. Its victory is yours.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "FLN Proclamation of 1 November 1954 — founding declaration of the Front de Libération Nationale (English translation)", "spoken_year": 1954, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.marxists.org/history/algeria/1954/proclamation.htm", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "c566446b-fe97-417e-afdc-29bf88ffc682", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "The Islamic Resistance Movement is a distinguished Palestinian movement, whose allegiance is to Allah, and whose way of life is Islam.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas Covenant, 18 August 1988 — The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1988, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "cb1c343a-5f0e-45f6-80ca-8a3959950bdb", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "The Islamic Resistance Movement believes that the land of Palestine is an Islamic Waqf consecrated for future Moslem generations until Judgement Day.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas Covenant, 18 August 1988 — The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1988, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5a6dfa80-f952-4004-994e-a5db5cd9e33b", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "There is no solution for the Palestinian question except through Jihad. Initiatives, proposals and international conferences are all a waste of time and vain endeavors.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas Covenant, 18 August 1988 — The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1988, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f44595d3-9534-40e6-9815-f0c2d1d5585a", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Allah is its target, the Prophet is its model, the Koran its constitution: Jihad is its path and death for the sake of Allah is the loftiest of its wishes.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas Covenant, 18 August 1988 — The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": 1988, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2a5f9087-1ea6-4ebc-b8ac-7e078b826e45", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000240", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "(1) 'وبصفتي عاهلاً هاشمياً وصياً على الأماكن المقدسة، فإنه يقع على عاتقي واجب خاص بحماية الأماكن المقدسة الإسلامية والمسيحية في القدس' — the canonical Hashemite custodianship formula. (2) 'لا يمكننا التغلب على هذا الفيروس بالانغلاق على حدودنا الداخلية […] تجديد العولمة التي تجعل من رفاه جميع شعوبنا الهدف النهائي' — the renewed-globalization doctrine. (3) 'بتوجيه قدراتنا للعمل كمركز إقليمي للأمن الغذائي' — the food-security-hub offer, with Lebanon named. (4) 'يمنح النظم الإيكولوجية المحددة وجميع أنواع النباتات والحيوانات الحق القانوني في البقاء' — the rights-of-nature charter initiative.", "quote_text_ar": "(1) 'وبصفتي عاهلاً هاشمياً وصياً على الأماكن المقدسة، فإنه يقع على عاتقي واجب خاص بحماية الأماكن المقدسة الإسلامية والمسيحية في القدس' — the canonical Hashemite custodianship formula. (2) 'لا يمكننا التغلب على هذا الفيروس بالانغلاق على حدودنا الداخلية […] تجديد العولمة التي تجعل من رفاه جميع شعوبنا الهدف النهائي' — the renewed-globalization doctrine. (3) 'بتوجيه قدراتنا للعمل كمركز إقليمي للأمن الغذائي' — the food-security-hub offer, with Lebanon named. (4) 'يمنح النظم الإيكولوجية المحددة وجميع أنواع النباتات والحيوانات الحق القانوني في البقاء' — the rights-of-nature charter initiative.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Abdullah II — UN GA 75 (Sep 2020): first virtual GA, renewed-globalization doctrine, food-security-hub offer, Hashemite custodianship", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3893029/files/A_75_PV.4-AR.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a34be55f-f3f4-4aba-b1ea-5442d5c76ee6", "politician_id": "dbeb251e-7b85-4091-8048-1fe01bcc3eaa", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "(1) 'نكرّر طلبنا من الدول التي تملك معلومات وبيانات تساعد التحقيق أن تمدّه بها' — the Beirut port blast satellite-data demand, unique to Aoun-presidential UN address. (2) 'أثرتا السياسات المالية والاقتصادية المعتمدة منذ عقود والقائمة على النمط الريعي، مضاف اليها الفساد والهدر' — explicit Aoun acknowledgement of the rentier-political-economy that collapsed Lebanon. (3) 'تجديد موقفه الرافض لأي شكل من أشكال التوطين للاجئين الفلسطينيين' — doctrinal anti-naturalization framing.", "quote_text_ar": "(1) 'نكرّر طلبنا من الدول التي تملك معلومات وبيانات تساعد التحقيق أن تمدّه بها' — the Beirut port blast satellite-data demand, unique to Aoun-presidential UN address. (2) 'أثرتا السياسات المالية والاقتصادية المعتمدة منذ عقود والقائمة على النمط الريعي، مضاف اليها الفساد والهدر' — explicit Aoun acknowledgement of the rentier-political-economy that collapsed Lebanon. (3) 'تجديد موقفه الرافض لأي شكل من أشكال التوطين للاجئين الفلسطينيين' — doctrinal anti-naturalization framing.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Michel Aoun — UN GA 76 (Sep 2021): last Aoun-presidency UN, Beirut port truth-quest, Akkar Academy, Israel maritime border", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/lb_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "cac5c92d-ef9a-4bf5-a104-acef8237bba5", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000372", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "(1) 'And now Raisi is Iran's new president. This is who we're dealing with.' — the Raisi-as-existential-threat pivot. (2) 'About a hundred days ago my partners and I formed a new government in Israel. The most diverse government in our history. What started as a political accident, can now turn into a purpose. And that purpose is unity.' — coded post-Netanyahu coalition justification. (3) 'A bit of light dispels much darkness. The lighthouse among the stormy seas – Stands tall, Stands strong, And her light shines brighter than ever.' — Bennett's signature 'lighthouse' frame, the speech's structural metaphor.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Bennett — UN GA 76 (Sep 2021): Israel PM's first/only UN address, Iran 'butcher of Tehran', Hamas/Hezbollah, NO Palestine mention", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/76/il_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "e26dd571-016e-4e8f-bf5f-aebcb2e23b49", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "7. RUSSIA-UKRAINE-POW: 'my country contributed to the release of nearly two thousand prisoners of war, through mediation efforts between the Russian Federation and Ukraine.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9c17ddd8-2fe8-4ec3-bef7-75ba54d673da", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "8. MOROCCO-SAHARA: 'our full support for Moroccan sovereignty over the Moroccan Sahara region, as well as for the Autonomy Initiative", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6098dc7a-27ef-475b-9a71-0b3496b7672d", "politician_id": "8c20300e-58b0-45bb-9211-f4e33f6dc34e", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "(1) 'تعتبر مشاركة الجزائر بجدية وبحسن نية في مسلسل الموائد المستديرة، بقدر مسؤوليتها الثابتة في خلق واستمرار هذا النزاع المفتعل' — explicit direct Algeria-as-responsible accusation. (2) 'فوضت الجزائر، في انتهاك صارخ للقانون الإنساني الدولي، مسؤولياتها عن هذا الجزء من ترابها إلى ميليشيات انفصالية مسلحة ذات روابط موصولة وثابتة بشبكات إرهابية خطيرة' — Polisario-as-terror-proxy framing, breakthrough escalation. (3) 'لتمكين المفوضية السامية لشؤون اللاجئين من إحصاء وتسجيل الساكنة المحتجزة في مخيمات تندوف' — the UNHCR census demand that Algeria has blocked since 2011.", "quote_text_ar": "(1) 'تعتبر مشاركة الجزائر بجدية وبحسن نية في مسلسل الموائد المستديرة، بقدر مسؤوليتها الثابتة في خلق واستمرار هذا النزاع المفتعل' — explicit direct Algeria-as-responsible accusation. (2) 'فوضت الجزائر، في انتهاك صارخ للقانون الإنساني الدولي، مسؤولياتها عن هذا الجزء من ترابها إلى ميليشيات انفصالية مسلحة ذات روابط موصولة وثابتة بشبكات إرهابية خطيرة' — Polisario-as-terror-proxy framing, breakthrough escalation. (3) 'لتمكين المفوضية السامية لشؤون اللاجئين من إحصاء وتسجيل الساكنة المحتجزة في مخيمات تندوف' — the UNHCR census demand that Algeria has blocked since 2011.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Akhannouch — UN GA 77 (Sep 2022): Morocco PM, autonomy plan, Algeria-named accusations on Tindouf", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/ma_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "cb411031-959b-4a10-880e-ad39f27f4c4f", "politician_id": "254a0bba-c50b-4185-b77d-3ad43544c560", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "(1) 'أكرر مطالبتي للجميع بتحييد لبنان عن كافة صراعات المنطقة والعالم' — the NPwA (self-distancing) doctrine, coded rebuke of Hezbollah's regional entanglement. (2) 'تجديد الالتزام بمبدأ النأي بالنفس الذي انتهجناه منذ حكومتنا الماضي' — doctrinal reaffirmation. (3) 'Worst economic-social crisis in our history, eroding institutions and putting the majority of Lebanese under the poverty line, causing emigration of many young talents.' — collapse acknowledgement.", "quote_text_ar": "(1) 'أكرر مطالبتي للجميع بتحييد لبنان عن كافة صراعات المنطقة والعالم' — the NPwA (self-distancing) doctrine, coded rebuke of Hezbollah's regional entanglement. (2) 'تجديد الالتزام بمبدأ النأي بالنفس الذي انتهجناه منذ حكومتنا الماضي' — doctrinal reaffirmation. (3) 'Worst economic-social crisis in our history, eroding institutions and putting the majority of Lebanese under the poverty line, causing emigration of many young talents.' — collapse acknowledgement.", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Mikati — UN GA 77 (Sep 2022): Lebanon's economic collapse, IMF deal, Israel maritime border, NPwA, refugees", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/77/lb_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "eaf9a4d2-a9a1-4659-b8bf-c20f776545de", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "PUNCHY DOCTRINAL LINES (English verbatim from canonical URL):", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "fa35577c-b4bc-49b5-b2a9-8b6cd492dabd", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "1. SAF-ATTACK-ON-UAE-AMBASSADOR: 'My country condemns, in the strongest terms, the blatant attack launched by the Sudanese Armed Forces on the residence of the Ambassador of the United Arab Emirates in Khartoum, on 29th September 2024, in flagrant violation of the fundamental principle of the inviolability of diplomatic premises", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b2f9c02e-10ed-43bf-a8c9-ffb65ecf73b7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "2. IRAN-3-ISLANDS-CLAIM: 'my country renews its demand to Iran to end its occupation of the three UAE islands: Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa. These islands are an integral part of the UAE.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "51bd57dd-5d25-4e8e-9378-0cc3adf7bb4d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "3. ICJ-OPTION-FOR-IRAN: 'We will continue to urge Iran to respond to our repeated calls to resolve this issue either through direct negotiations, or resort to the International Court of Justice.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "23abc855-d6bc-49d3-89b0-37919acde311", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "4. ALPS-SUDAN: 'we emphasize the importance of building on the positive outcomes achieved in the meetings of the working group of the Aligned for Advancing Lifesaving and Peace in Sudan Group (ALPS).", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d62eda99-84d6-46ef-8052-52e9f9a97a3c", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "5. TEMPORARY-INTERNATIONAL-MISSION-GAZA: 'We must also consider the establishment of a temporary international mission in the Gaza Strip - upon an official request from the Palestinian government – to address the humanitarian crisis, re-establish security and law, and reunite Gaza and the West Bank under a reformed Palestinian Authority.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "57675702-2999-4f41-b229-ebacd701204f", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "6. PALESTINE-FULL-MEMBERSHIP: 'My country believes that the State of Palestine [...] has fulfilled the requirements for full membership in this organization.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "cfdc4fd5-9362-4767-aa96-82ae5bf71877", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "9. UAE-CONSENSUS-COP28: 'The historic UAE Consensus adopted by 198 countries, embodies a global consensus on developing measures to prevent global warming above 1.5 degrees Celsius", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "dc75d292-1e37-407f-a7f6-c45ee040b18a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "10. $100M-LEBANON-MBZ: 'His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates [...] directed $100 million in urgent relief aid to the brotherly people of Lebanon", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b2cf4701-d41f-43ed-ac6a-4abafd6599b9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "11. $100M-SUDAN: 'We recently contributed $100 million to support UN efforts addressing the humanitarian repercussions of this war in Sudan and neighboring countries.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d80b3f5a-14a9-41cd-818b-781df194146b", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000298", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "12. UN-WATER-CONFERENCE-2026: 'the UN Water Conference, which we intend to host in the United Arab Emirates in 2026 in partnership with Senegal", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "UAE — 79 UN GA Speech (Minister of State Shakhboot Al Nahyan, 30 Sep 2024, Sudan-SAF-attack-on-UAE-Ambassador + Iran-3-islands)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/ae_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "51db68fb-d7f9-478b-9fb3-93de23694cc9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "PUNCHY DOCTRINAL LINES (Arabic verbatim; English translations are mine):", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "daa637a2-2084-445b-bd15-a2d29d17c819", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "1. POST-DAESH-DECADE: 'فالبلدُ الذي احتلَّ داعشُ ثلثَ أراضيه، وكانَ الكثيرُ منالمراقبين يرى بأنها كانت نهايةَ العراقِ الذي نعرفه' — 'the country that Daesh occupied a third of its territories, and many observers believed was the end of Iraq as we know it", "quote_text_ar": "1. POST-DAESH-DECADE: 'فالبلدُ الذي احتلَّ داعشُ ثلثَ أراضيه، وكانَ الكثيرُ منالمراقبين يرى بأنها كانت نهايةَ العراقِ الذي نعرفه' — 'the country that Daesh occupied a third of its territories, and many observers believed was the end of Iraq as we know it", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a575818c-a3e1-4ff9-84a5-10c22836b438", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "2. DEVELOPMENT ROAD: 'مشروع طريق التنمية، الذي يهدفُ إلى تحويلِ العراقِ إلى مرتكزٍ إقليمي رئيسي للتجارةِ والمواصلات، وربطِ الشرقِ الأوسطِ بأوروبا عبر العراق' — 'the Development Road project, aimed at transforming Iraq into a main regional hub for trade and transport, connecting the Middle East to Europe via Iraq", "quote_text_ar": "2. DEVELOPMENT ROAD: 'مشروع طريق التنمية، الذي يهدفُ إلى تحويلِ العراقِ إلى مرتكزٍ إقليمي رئيسي للتجارةِ والمواصلات، وربطِ الشرقِ الأوسطِ بأوروبا عبر العراق' — 'the Development Road project, aimed at transforming Iraq into a main regional hub for trade and transport, connecting the Middle East to Europe via Iraq", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ba34cf06-5f9f-42fa-a823-c65ea2e5be56", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "3. FAW GRAND PORT: 'ربطِ ميناءِ الفاوِ الكبيرِ في جنوبِ العراقِ بأوروبا عن طريقِ دولٍ في المنطقة' — 'connecting Faw Grand Port in southern Iraq to Europe via states in the region", "quote_text_ar": "3. FAW GRAND PORT: 'ربطِ ميناءِ الفاوِ الكبيرِ في جنوبِ العراقِ بأوروبا عن طريقِ دولٍ في المنطقة' — 'connecting Faw Grand Port in southern Iraq to Europe via states in the region", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "7aad5fa3-da91-4225-8a52-2ceafcfe2df7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "4. UNAMI-EXIT-2025: 'ونحن نتطلعُ إلى مرحلةٍ جديدةٍ من التعاونِ مع الأممِ المتحدةِ في العراقِ ستبدأ بنهايةِ عامِ 2025' — 'we look forward to a new phase of cooperation with the UN in Iraq starting at the end of 2025' [UNAMI mission transition]", "quote_text_ar": "4. UNAMI-EXIT-2025: 'ونحن نتطلعُ إلى مرحلةٍ جديدةٍ من التعاونِ مع الأممِ المتحدةِ في العراقِ ستبدأ بنهايةِ عامِ 2025' — 'we look forward to a new phase of cooperation with the UN in Iraq starting at the end of 2025' [UNAMI mission transition]", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d821820c-b511-4bb7-8881-5322ee74abca", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "7. PAGER-ATTACK + LEBANON-WAR: 'Apart from committing a major crime by rigging wireless communication devices and exploding them simultaneously across thousands of people with total disregard for their identity or location, Israel is currently waging a war on Lebanon", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "130e21f5-a60f-448b-bf62-6a5895936d34", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "5. G77-PRESIDENCY-2025: 'إنّ اختيارَ العراقِ لرئاسةِ مجموعةِ الـ 77 والصينِ لعامِ 2025، يُعدُّ انتصاراً للدبلوماسيةِ العراقيةِ المنتجة' — 'Iraq's election to chair G77+China for 2025 is a victory for productive Iraqi diplomacy", "quote_text_ar": "5. G77-PRESIDENCY-2025: 'إنّ اختيارَ العراقِ لرئاسةِ مجموعةِ الـ 77 والصينِ لعامِ 2025، يُعدُّ انتصاراً للدبلوماسيةِ العراقيةِ المنتجة' — 'Iraq's election to chair G77+China for 2025 is a victory for productive Iraqi diplomacy", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6cecd91a-270a-4009-b47a-e14808af0505", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "6. NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-AGAINST-PALESTINIANS: 'يجري الحديثُ علناً عن تجويعٍ جماعي لإبادةِ هذا الشعب، وعن استخدامِ أسلحةٍ نوويةٍ للقضاءِ عليه' — 'there is open talk of mass starvation to annihilate this people, and use of nuclear weapons to eliminate it", "quote_text_ar": "6. NUCLEAR-WEAPONS-AGAINST-PALESTINIANS: 'يجري الحديثُ علناً عن تجويعٍ جماعي لإبادةِ هذا الشعب، وعن استخدامِ أسلحةٍ نوويةٍ للقضاءِ عليه' — 'there is open talk of mass starvation to annihilate this people, and use of nuclear weapons to eliminate it", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "cda92f14-54c6-41c3-a141-8c4dd692a2af", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "7. REGIONAL-WAR-IGNITION-THESIS: 'إن هذه التحرّكاتِ الأخيرةَ للاحتلالِ تبتغي تهديدَ استقرار بلدانِ المنطقةِ عبر إشعالِ حربٍ إقليميةٍ واسعةِ النطاق' — 'these recent occupation moves seek to threaten the stability of the region's countries by igniting a wide-scale regional war", "quote_text_ar": "7. REGIONAL-WAR-IGNITION-THESIS: 'إن هذه التحرّكاتِ الأخيرةَ للاحتلالِ تبتغي تهديدَ استقرار بلدانِ المنطقةِ عبر إشعالِ حربٍ إقليميةٍ واسعةِ النطاق' — 'these recent occupation moves seek to threaten the stability of the region's countries by igniting a wide-scale regional war", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b17e483b-2337-457d-b32b-f74019f0acbb", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "8. IRAQ-FIRST POLICY: 'إن سياستَنا تضعُ العراقَ وشعبهُ وأمنهُ وسيادتهُ وازدهارهُ أولاً' — 'our policy puts Iraq, its people, its security, its sovereignty, and its prosperity first' [doctrinal anchor of Rashid Iraq foreign policy]", "quote_text_ar": "8. IRAQ-FIRST POLICY: 'إن سياستَنا تضعُ العراقَ وشعبهُ وأمنهُ وسيادتهُ وازدهارهُ أولاً' — 'our policy puts Iraq, its people, its security, its sovereignty, and its prosperity first' [doctrinal anchor of Rashid Iraq foreign policy]", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — 79 UN GA Speech (Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid, Sept 2024, post-Daesh-victory + Development Road / BRI corridor)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "343029b7-2bd3-48a3-8bd6-04d781e8e942", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "1. GENOCIDE FRAMING: 'a crime of genocide by means of using the most sophisticated weapons against a people besieged in a detention camp where there is no escape from the barrage of aerial bombing", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ba3d4357-9c89-4b08-9e13-8fc01d81acc9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "2. APARTHEID DESIGNATION: 'This occupation has taken the form of an apartheid system in the twenty-first century. Can this be overlooked?", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a1ff644a-7765-44af-9382-65f9f618f8ec", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "3. HANIYEH ASSASSINATION FRAMING: 'one party would not hesitate to assassinate counterpart political leaders with whom it negotiates, such as the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh, who many people feign forgetfulness that he was not only the political leader of Hamas but also the first elected Palestinian prime minister.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "3eb70ba8-4e7f-42a0-9513-dff13eaa2238", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "4. NO-PARTNER-FOR-PEACE: 'there is no Israeli partner for peace during the current government's tenure, and no peace process taking place, but rather a genocide", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4a793e0f-9e1a-464a-bb5d-a3fe7a307030", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "5. FORCE-DOES-NOT-ELIMINATE-RIGHTS: '[Palestine's full UN membership] at least sends a message to the far-right government involved in challenging international legitimacy, that force does not eliminate rights", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "38f3efa4-7f3c-4dff-8bd5-dd7b0cb1f8b7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "6. WHOLE-SOCIETY-DESTRUCTION: 'A whole society is being destroyed in the course of the genocide against segments of the Palestinian people. It is the Gazan Palestinian community that has retained its composure and achieved remarkable development levels amid more than 17-year old stifling siege.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "0e5acf47-7ab0-4ceb-9d73-0295d57579bc", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "8. STOP-GAZA-STOP-LEBANON: 'Stop the aggression on Gaza! Stop the war on Lebanon.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "37a61c5b-1ee6-4556-ab9e-7d485ae5e169", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "9. NOV-2023 DEAL ARITHMETIC: 'a humanitarian agreement last November. It resulted in a brief ceasefire in the Gaza Strip, the release of 240 Palestinian prisoners and 109 of the detainees in Gaza", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "03d9cbb6-2a9b-443f-9da1-14b2ab139ea1", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "10. ARAB-STATE-VS-ARMED-FACTIONS: 'No state can firmly be established and stable in the presence of armed factions that are not under its control. These are self-evident and unquestionable matters.' — implicit critique of Hezbollah / Houthis / RSF as non-state armed actors", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b6c6c845-875d-4080-b07b-4ba9ab59b8f0", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "11. ENTIRE-REGION-TO-FIT-ISRAEL: 'the approach that wants to tailor the entire region to fit Israel's size, while looking for circumventions to avoid ending the occupation and work on imposing the rule of one people over another by force.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad — 79 UN GA Speech (24 Sep 2024, Haniyeh-assassinated-during-mediation framing)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/qa_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ed41c40e-1fc8-4b97-afbd-fa026254bb82", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "1. NASRALLAH EULOGY: 'السيد حسن نصر الله الذي قاد لما يزيد عن ثلاثة عقود مقاومةً وطنية لبنانية مشرّفة' — 'Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah, who led for more than three decades a noble Lebanese national resistance", "quote_text_ar": "1. NASRALLAH EULOGY: 'السيد حسن نصر الله الذي قاد لما يزيد عن ثلاثة عقود مقاومةً وطنية لبنانية مشرّفة' — 'Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah, who led for more than three decades a noble Lebanese national resistance", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "982039ad-4500-4926-95de-207e556a08f5", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "2. MAJDAL SHAMS DENIAL: 'حاولت اتهام أطرافٍ أخرى بالتسبب بهذه الفاجعة، والمتاجرة بدماء الشهداء' — '[Israel] tried to blame other parties for this tragedy, and trade in the blood of the martyrs", "quote_text_ar": "2. MAJDAL SHAMS DENIAL: 'حاولت اتهام أطرافٍ أخرى بالتسبب بهذه الفاجعة، والمتاجرة بدماء الشهداء' — '[Israel] tried to blame other parties for this tragedy, and trade in the blood of the martyrs", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a5ce83c4-0e87-48bf-a544-dcd6e40531ab", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "3. WESTERN-COLLECTIVE FRAMING: 'الوجه الحقيقي للسياسات التي تبناها الغرب الجماعي ضدها' — 'the true face of the policies adopted by the collective West against [Syria]", "quote_text_ar": "3. WESTERN-COLLECTIVE FRAMING: 'الوجه الحقيقي للسياسات التي تبناها الغرب الجماعي ضدها' — 'the true face of the policies adopted by the collective West against [Syria]", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "79cf7d86-10a7-4b24-a482-301d35605530", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "4. GOLAN-NEVER-LAPSES: 'استعادتها للجولان السوري المحتل كاملاً [...] حقّ ثابتٌ لا يخضعُ للمساومةِ، ولا يسقطُ بالتقادم' — 'recovery of the occupied Syrian Golan in full [...] is a permanent right not subject to negotiation, and does not lapse with time", "quote_text_ar": "4. GOLAN-NEVER-LAPSES: 'استعادتها للجولان السوري المحتل كاملاً [...] حقّ ثابتٌ لا يخضعُ للمساومةِ، ولا يسقطُ بالتقادم' — 'recovery of the occupied Syrian Golan in full [...] is a permanent right not subject to negotiation, and does not lapse with time", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1fc9bf5d-84ca-4a43-840a-65afd75a2a57", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "5. PAGER-ATTACK CONDEMNATION: 'استخدامها لوسائل الاتصال كأداةٍ لقتل المدنيين العُزّل بشكلٍ جماعي' — 'using communication devices as a tool to kill defenseless civilians in a collective manner", "quote_text_ar": "5. PAGER-ATTACK CONDEMNATION: 'استخدامها لوسائل الاتصال كأداةٍ لقتل المدنيين العُزّل بشكلٍ جماعي' — 'using communication devices as a tool to kill defenseless civilians in a collective manner", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1c43b874-16c0-4344-a815-160972bc36e8", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "6. CAESAR-ACT FRAMING: 'الرفع الفوري والكامل وغير المشروط للتدابير القسرية الانفرادية لما تمثله من عقابٍ جماعي للشعوب، وإرهاب اقتصادي لها' — 'immediate, complete, and unconditional lifting of unilateral coercive measures, which constitute collective punishment of peoples and economic terrorism", "quote_text_ar": "6. CAESAR-ACT FRAMING: 'الرفع الفوري والكامل وغير المشروط للتدابير القسرية الانفرادية لما تمثله من عقابٍ جماعي للشعوب، وإرهاب اقتصادي لها' — 'immediate, complete, and unconditional lifting of unilateral coercive measures, which constitute collective punishment of peoples and economic terrorism", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6c0a3d16-b18d-47c4-b1b5-71d7d0e0f530", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "7. WESTERN ILLEGAL PRESENCE: 'واصلت تلك الدول انتهاك سيادة سورية ووحدة وسلامة أراضيها عبر استمرار وجود قواتها العسكرية بشكلٍ غير شرعي [...] ودعمها لميليشيات انفصالية، وتنظيمات إرهابية' — 'those states continued to violate Syria's sovereignty and the unity and integrity of its territory by maintaining their military forces illegally [...] and supporting separatist militias and terrorist organizations", "quote_text_ar": "7. WESTERN ILLEGAL PRESENCE: 'واصلت تلك الدول انتهاك سيادة سورية ووحدة وسلامة أراضيها عبر استمرار وجود قواتها العسكرية بشكلٍ غير شرعي [...] ودعمها لميليشيات انفصالية، وتنظيمات إرهابية' — 'those states continued to violate Syria's sovereignty and the unity and integrity of its territory by maintaining their military forces illegally [...] and supporting separatist militias and terrorist organizations", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2b151876-eb75-4d1c-b41f-80bb113b0334", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "8. UNIPOLAR-HEGEMONY CRITIQUE: 'السياساتِ الغربيةِ العدوانية ورفضاً لمنطق الهيمنةِ والأحاديةِ القطبية' — '[supporting Russia] against aggressive Western policies and rejection of the logic of hegemony and unipolar dominance", "quote_text_ar": "8. UNIPOLAR-HEGEMONY CRITIQUE: 'السياساتِ الغربيةِ العدوانية ورفضاً لمنطق الهيمنةِ والأحاديةِ القطبية' — '[supporting Russia] against aggressive Western policies and rejection of the logic of hegemony and unipolar dominance", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a1486b84-8d82-43b8-bb0c-c65deeebdf57", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "9. AMNESTY DECREE 27: 'المرسوم التشريعي رقم 27 الذي صدر في 22 أيلول الجاري' — 'Legislative Decree 27 issued on 22 September [2024]' — last Assad-era amnesty before regime collapse", "quote_text_ar": "9. AMNESTY DECREE 27: 'المرسوم التشريعي رقم 27 الذي صدر في 22 أيلول الجاري' — 'Legislative Decree 27 issued on 22 September [2024]' — last Assad-era amnesty before regime collapse", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "68aae478-021c-499b-a677-eee0b2f46b3f", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "10. ASTANA-PROCESS: 'تشارك الحكومة السورية في الاجتماعاتِ التي تُعقد بصيغة أستانا' — 'the Syrian government participates in Astana-format meetings", "quote_text_ar": "10. ASTANA-PROCESS: 'تشارك الحكومة السورية في الاجتماعاتِ التي تُعقد بصيغة أستانا' — 'the Syrian government participates in Astana-format meetings", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "14183d66-33e3-4cc2-a304-01e820663a4f", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "11. DEFIANT CLOSING: 'يردع محاولات تقويض الميثاق والاستعاضة عنه بما يسمى بـ \"النظام القائم على القواعد\"' — 'deter attempts to undermine the Charter and replace it with what is called \"the rules-based order", "quote_text_ar": "11. DEFIANT CLOSING: 'يردع محاولات تقويض الميثاق والاستعاضة عنه بما يسمى بـ \"النظام القائم على القواعد\"' — 'deter attempts to undermine the Charter and replace it with what is called \"the rules-based order", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f8f0e141-4c21-4b84-abb8-35142e1009a1", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000321", "quote_text_en": "HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This is the FINAL international diplomatic posture of the Assad regime. Two months later (December 2024), Sharaa's HTS-led forces captured Damascus, ending 54 years of Assad-family rule. Every paragraph here is a frozen-in-amber snapshot of Baath-government doctrine at its end. Read alongside [[sharaa-sy]] 80 UN row for the regime-change transition.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Syria — Assad-regime LAST UN GA Speech (FM Bassam Sabbagh, 30 Sep 2024, ~2 months before Dec 2024 fall)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/79/sy_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8c379f56-e823-4b6f-a7ea-079bffcda062", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "1. IRAQ-AS-PIVOT: 'وهو على استعداد لان يكون نقطة تواصل بين الشرق والغرب' — '[Iraq] is ready to be a point of connection between East and West", "quote_text_ar": "1. IRAQ-AS-PIVOT: 'وهو على استعداد لان يكون نقطة تواصل بين الشرق والغرب' — '[Iraq] is ready to be a point of connection between East and West", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4bcc792c-72d2-4a4e-8f11-0526948ba2d7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "2. UN80-HQ-OFFER: 'يعلن العراق انفتاحه لمناقشة استضافة مقار أممية إقليمية أو دولية في العراق' — 'Iraq announces its openness to discussing hosting UN regional or international headquarters in Iraq", "quote_text_ar": "2. UN80-HQ-OFFER: 'يعلن العراق انفتاحه لمناقشة استضافة مقار أممية إقليمية أو دولية في العراق' — 'Iraq announces its openness to discussing hosting UN regional or international headquarters in Iraq", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d0f7e886-38e2-42a2-9a69-92b1287b73b3", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "7. NEW YORK DECLARATION: 'as outlined in UN resolutions, the outcomes of the Two-State Solution Conference, and the New York Declaration under the auspices of the United Nations.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "ccb43af3-210f-43a4-b6eb-9c1eea80be93", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "3. YAZIDI-CHRISTIAN GENOCIDE: 'طمأنة المكونات التي تعرضت للإبادة والاستعباد والتهجير مثل الايزيديين والمسيحيين وغيرهم' — 'reassurance of components subjected to genocide, enslavement, and displacement such as Yazidis and Christians and others", "quote_text_ar": "3. YAZIDI-CHRISTIAN GENOCIDE: 'طمأنة المكونات التي تعرضت للإبادة والاستعباد والتهجير مثل الايزيديين والمسيحيين وغيرهم' — 'reassurance of components subjected to genocide, enslavement, and displacement such as Yazidis and Christians and others", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "0e4a488b-4fd6-41fe-bfbb-472bf331b622", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "4. WATER-AS-EXISTENTIAL-THREAT: 'فالتصحر يزحف على الأراضي الخضراء وشحة المياه صارت تهديدا وجوديا' — 'desertification creeps over green lands and water scarcity has become an existential threat", "quote_text_ar": "4. WATER-AS-EXISTENTIAL-THREAT: 'فالتصحر يزحف على الأراضي الخضراء وشحة المياه صارت تهديدا وجوديا' — 'desertification creeps over green lands and water scarcity has become an existential threat", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1cc01b69-0ebe-4fd0-b7ea-ad3e9d678525", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "5. TURKEY-IRAN UPSTREAM CALL: 'يدعو دولتي المنبع (تركيا وإيران) الى مراعاة عدم الاضرار بالعراق' — 'calls upon the two upstream states (Turkey and Iran) to refrain from harming Iraq", "quote_text_ar": "5. TURKEY-IRAN UPSTREAM CALL: 'يدعو دولتي المنبع (تركيا وإيران) الى مراعاة عدم الاضرار بالعراق' — 'calls upon the two upstream states (Turkey and Iran) to refrain from harming Iraq", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b11b3c98-096f-4f3d-b1c4-cfe1b1aac27a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "6. CONDEMNATION OF ISRAELI STRIKES: 'ندين هجمات الكيان الصهيوني على دول المنطقة، في سوريا ولبنان وآخرها على دولة قطر الشقيقة، وهو عمل عدواني غاشم يمثل انتهاكا صريحا للقانون الدولي' — 'we condemn the Zionist entity's attacks on the region's states — in Syria, Lebanon, and most recently on the brotherly State of Qatar — a brutal aggressive act constituting a clear violation of international law", "quote_text_ar": "6. CONDEMNATION OF ISRAELI STRIKES: 'ندين هجمات الكيان الصهيوني على دول المنطقة، في سوريا ولبنان وآخرها على دولة قطر الشقيقة، وهو عمل عدواني غاشم يمثل انتهاكا صريحا للقانون الدولي' — 'we condemn the Zionist entity's attacks on the region's states — in Syria, Lebanon, and most recently on the brotherly State of Qatar — a brutal aggressive act constituting a clear violation of international law", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "2e076fb8-d74f-4add-b2b0-88fd20bdff4d", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "7. ME WMD-FREE INCLUDING ISRAEL: 'أن تشمل الرقابة الدولية جميع المنشآت النووية في المنطقة، ومنها منشآت الكيان الصهيوني' — 'international inspection must cover all nuclear facilities in the region, including those of the Zionist entity", "quote_text_ar": "7. ME WMD-FREE INCLUDING ISRAEL: 'أن تشمل الرقابة الدولية جميع المنشآت النووية في المنطقة، ومنها منشآت الكيان الصهيوني' — 'international inspection must cover all nuclear facilities in the region, including those of the Zionist entity", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b4016428-7005-4986-bf67-6a0c4ef27492", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "8. PKK DISARMAMENT WELCOME: 'يؤكد العراق تأييده الكامل لعملية السلام في تركيا ومبادرة حزب العمال الكردستاني بالتخلي عن سلاحه' — 'Iraq affirms its full support for the peace process in Turkey and the initiative of the PKK to disarm", "quote_text_ar": "8. PKK DISARMAMENT WELCOME: 'يؤكد العراق تأييده الكامل لعملية السلام في تركيا ومبادرة حزب العمال الكردستاني بالتخلي عن سلاحه' — 'Iraq affirms its full support for the peace process in Turkey and the initiative of the PKK to disarm", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6a5f72f6-6b34-4743-90bc-4a167b35dd21", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "9. AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY: 'يرفض العراق وبشكل قاطع الاستخدام غير المشروع لأجوائه في العمليات العسكرية بين الأطراف المتصارعة' — 'Iraq categorically rejects the unauthorized use of its airspace in military operations between conflicting parties", "quote_text_ar": "9. AIRSPACE SOVEREIGNTY: 'يرفض العراق وبشكل قاطع الاستخدام غير المشروع لأجوائه في العمليات العسكرية بين الأطراف المتصارعة' — 'Iraq categorically rejects the unauthorized use of its airspace in military operations between conflicting parties", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "30c76831-cd2d-4d3f-9ef0-df042421f045", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "10. PARTNERSHIP-NOT-SYMPATHY: 'إن رسالة العراق واضحة، نحن لا نطلب التعاطف بل الشراكة' — 'Iraq's message is clear: we do not ask for sympathy but for partnership", "quote_text_ar": "10. PARTNERSHIP-NOT-SYMPATHY: 'إن رسالة العراق واضحة، نحن لا نطلب التعاطف بل الشراكة' — 'Iraq's message is clear: we do not ask for sympathy but for partnership", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a1346636-2e6b-4561-9ad9-7df50bb095d7", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "11. LAW-OF-THE-JUNGLE: 'هل سنعيش في ظل القانون الدولي ومبادئ حقوق الانسان والعدالة؟ أم نتراجع الى قانون الغاب' — 'Will we live under international law and the principles of human rights and justice, or retreat to the law of the jungle?", "quote_text_ar": "11. LAW-OF-THE-JUNGLE: 'هل سنعيش في ظل القانون الدولي ومبادئ حقوق الانسان والعدالة؟ أم نتراجع الى قانون الغاب' — 'Will we live under international law and the principles of human rights and justice, or retreat to the law of the jungle?", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6979a961-fcfb-46a4-81d2-6a79585e6333", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "12. KUWAIT-CLOSURE: 'أوفى العراق بالتزاماته الدولية ازاء الكويت والمتعلقة بملفي التعويضات والحدود فضلاً عن قطع شوط كبير للايفاء بالتزامات ملف المفقودين والارشيف' — 'Iraq has fulfilled its international obligations toward Kuwait regarding the reparations and borders files, and has made significant progress on the missing-persons and archive files", "quote_text_ar": "12. KUWAIT-CLOSURE: 'أوفى العراق بالتزاماته الدولية ازاء الكويت والمتعلقة بملفي التعويضات والحدود فضلاً عن قطع شوط كبير للايفاء بالتزامات ملف المفقودين والارشيف' — 'Iraq has fulfilled its international obligations toward Kuwait regarding the reparations and borders files, and has made significant progress on the missing-persons and archive files", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b16ed3b5-c19d-4ecd-bb3c-3967cc99a2ca", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000280", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "13. UN80-RECEPTIVE: 'يتطلع العراق الى التعاطي الإيجابي مع مبادرة الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة (UN80) التي تهدف الى تعزيز كفاءة وفعالية المنظمة الأممية' — 'Iraq looks forward to engaging positively with the SG's UN80 initiative aimed at enhancing UN efficiency and effectiveness", "quote_text_ar": "13. UN80-RECEPTIVE: 'يتطلع العراق الى التعاطي الإيجابي مع مبادرة الأمين العام للأمم المتحدة (UN80) التي تهدف الى تعزيز كفاءة وفعالية المنظمة الأممية' — 'Iraq looks forward to engaging positively with the SG's UN80 initiative aimed at enhancing UN efficiency and effectiveness", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Iraq — Statement at the 80th UN General Assembly General Debate (23 Sep 2025, Pres Abdullatif Jamal Rashid)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/iq_ar.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "bda9c69d-d88d-44e2-b616-5a9f000f9907", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "PUNCHY DOCTRINAL LINES (all verbatim from canonical URL):", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f97b5dc4-1b45-4396-890d-fede6115499b", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "1. SANCTIONS-ON-ISRAEL CALL: 'we call for sanctions to be imposed on Israel in response to its blatant violations of international law and its unlawful encroachments on the sovereignty of states.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8f15196e-4091-4ae2-bc60-cd267cfee218", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "2. FIVE-FRONT AGGRESSION FRAMING: 'We also renew our condemnation of Israeli aggressions against Iran, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon, and Tunisia", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "0c896580-e0d1-451f-92e9-60f78f0d0f16", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "3. GULF SOLIDARITY WITH QATAR: 'the Sultanate of Oman reaffirms its solidarity with the State of Qatar, supporting its right to take the necessary measures to protect its security and sovereignty. We renew our condemnation of the Israeli aggression against Qatar on 9 September of this year.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "689c9623-8850-4857-a49c-f90526438fc3", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "4. GENOCIDE + STARVATION + BLOCKADE CHARGE: 'The Sultanate of Oman calls upon the international community to adopt measures that limit the Israeli government's ability to continue its policies of genocide, destruction, and illegal occupation of Palestinian land, and its ongoing policies of starvation and blockade against the Palestinian people and the obstruction of humanitarian aid.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "3f7e3bcc-9c80-486e-861f-2f453473abf5", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "5. TWO-STATE ON EAST JERUSALEM: 'the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital must be at the forefront of strategic priorities in the pursuit of just and lasting peace in the Middle East.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "95605fd9-a033-48fd-a8a3-f70414edf8f2", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "6. STATE-OF-PALESTINE RECOGNITION ENDORSEMENT: 'the recognition of the State of Palestine stands as the most crucial step in this critical phase of the Palestinian cause.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "655377ec-768c-41af-81c8-d3fb7f1c9bde", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000290", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Key to accountability and a step toward peace and stability in Yemen and the region.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Rashad al-Alimi — Yemen Presidential Leadership Council Chairman doctrinal mosaic (Houthi-elimination 2024, Trump-redesignation-key-to-peace 2025, Taiz-liberation 2024)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "f111d846-8892-4d06-9fab-eacebf5ddc4f", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "8. ISRAELI DISREGARD OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: 'Israel continues to disregard international appeals, refusing to engage in serious dialogue that could lead to a just and comprehensive solution. Its continued use of force and disregard for reason threaten the credibility of the international system.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "a2855df3-a5f9-4a4b-bcd4-de1c07f9152b", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "9. GLOBAL PEACEFUL CAMPAIGN CALL: 'From this very podium, Oman calls for a global peaceful campaign to lift the siege and the injustice imposed on the Palestinian people, and to secure their freedom through the establishment of an independent and sovereign Palestinian state.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "0dd643eb-0e36-411c-a160-0c2ffb20fd51", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000299", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "10. UNSC EMPOWERMENT OF SG: 'The international community — particularly the Permanent Members of the Security Council — must empower the Secretary-General of the United Nations to fulfill his mandate", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sultanate of Oman — Statement before the 80th Session of the UN General Assembly (27 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://gadebate.un.org/sites/default/files/gastatements/80/om_en.pdf", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "d89415b3-81f0-4200-9dab-93be3f76b1fc", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "1. STATE-TERRORISM FRAME: 'on September 9, Doha came under a treacherous attack targeting a meeting of the Hamas negotiating delegation at the residence [...] This attack was a grave violation of a state's sovereignty, and a blatant, unjustified breach of international norms and conventions. However, the entire world was also shocked by the circumstances of this heinous act, which we branded as state terrorism.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "e1b8bc46-700f-43cb-b0c2-87468d5e727a", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "2. ROGUE-STATE CHARACTERIZATION: 'They visit our country while planning to bomb it; they negotiate with delegations while plotting to assassinate their members. [...] Isn't this the definition of a rogue [state]?", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "4adc6c02-7c6e-4484-a808-e7e44aa93be3", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "3. GREATER LAND OF ISRAEL DOCTRINE: 'He believes in the so-called Greater Land of Israel. He views the war as an opportunity to expand settlements and alter the status quo at the Al-Haram al-Sharif, and he also has annexation plans in the West Bank. There is no longer any doubt that ethnic cleansing, changing the reality of the occupied territories, and even imposing new realities on the region are the goals of this war.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "5816b2ce-cf3b-4938-ae32-a50e1273bf49", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "4. ISRAELI SPHERE OF INFLUENCE: 'the Israeli prime minister [...] truly intends to allow Israel to intervene wherever and whenever it wishes. He has a pipe dream of rendering the Arab region as an Israeli sphere of influence.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "28a6ee3e-1093-4d59-a15f-dfb50a12abbe", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "5. APARTHEID + GENOCIDE FRAMING: 'Israel is not a democracy in a hostile environment, as its leaders claim. It is, in reality, a state hostile to its environment, complicit in building an apartheid system, and waging a genocidal war.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8e2bb6d5-680c-4bd7-be73-deacb8c52cc8", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "6. PALESTINIAN STATE BLOCKADE: 'Its Prime Minister proudly declares before his people that he has blocked the establishment of a Palestinian state, and he promises that such a state will never come into being.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b92932a6-b4e2-4274-8a80-0d53041cb862", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "7. TWO-STATE ON 1967: '[...] their independent state with East Jerusalem as its Capital on the 1967 borders, in accordance with the resolutions of the international legitimacy and the two-state solution agreed upon by the international community.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b496fed5-7484-43b9-acdf-6ce4072a0109", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "8. SYRIA PARTITION WARNING: 'I am confident of the Syrian people's ability to [...] reject foreign intervention, particularly Israeli attempts to partition Syria and act as if the areas south of Damascus were areas of Israeli influence.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "48f9872b-45c5-48be-a927-736487ea80bc", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Our ultimate plan is [to have] Palestine in its entirety.", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas — 1988 Covenant doctrinal mosaic — Islamic Waqf, jihad-as-individual-duty, anti-negotiation foundational text", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hamas", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "6a57bbd4-4f69-40f9-a033-ffbc73a837bd", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "9. LEBANON WELCOME: 'Our sisterly Lebanon has also witnessed positive developments with the election of General Joseph Aoun as President of the Republic and the appointment of HE Dr. Nawaf Salam as Prime Minister", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani — Speech at the Opening Session of the 80th UN General Assembly (23 Sep 2025)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.diwan.gov.qa/briefing-room/speeches-and-remarks/2025/september/23/hh-the-amir-speech-at-the-80th-unga-opening-session", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "cb07e202-37f7-46ad-ace0-d6967a269cf0", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000297", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "10. 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unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "63ee9665-acb5-41b7-a72e-9584515a149c", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000210", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Jerusalem must remain the united capital of Israel with continued religious freedom for all faiths.\" — 2009 (42e3f9ff)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Netanyahu Bar-Ilan University address, 14 June 2009 (English translation of Hebrew original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/en/historictext/13614/netanyahus-speech-bar-ilan-university", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b347ae2a-07cf-44b1-a2d7-80be2ca5d785", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Hamas rejects any alternative to the full and complete liberation of Palestine, from the river to the sea.\" — 2017 (82d42043)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles and Policies (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "9b86b842-8ab7-41ae-9e52-5d688487605a", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "Hamas considers... a Palestinian state... along the lines of the 4th of June 1967 to be a formula of national consensus.\" — 2017 (f3a2ee1f)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles and Policies (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "45c8d0d8-ed20-4aaa-91b2-a0b30a1eeb22", "politician_id": null, "party_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "quote_text_en": "At the heart of these lies armed resistance, which is regarded as the strategic choice.\" — 2017 (1cf660e1)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles and Policies (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/hamas-2017-document-of-general-principles-and-policies", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "b7c9ddcb-bdce-4628-8d3e-e53076db78d9", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "ما زال الصراع العربي/الإسرائيلي جوهر عدم الاستقرار في الشرق الأوسط.\" — 2016 (seeded as unverified quote bb2bb1d7-3fe2-4e3c-acb0-a17ae8ea011e)", "quote_text_ar": "ما زال الصراع العربي/الإسرائيلي جوهر عدم الاستقرار في الشرق الأوسط.\" — 2016 (seeded as unverified quote bb2bb1d7-3fe2-4e3c-acb0-a17ae8ea011e)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sisi 2016 UN General Assembly address (71st session)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "adfad9ac-a9c5-46d1-a312-395edde42316", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "التجربة المصرية تجربة رائعة ومتفردة ويمكن تكرارها مرة أخرى لحل القضية الفلسطينية وإنشاء دولة فلسطينية بجانب دولة إسرائيلية.\" — 2016 (seeded as unverified quote b812bd8a-d54a-4e9d-b6d0-9bf30e85bddb)", "quote_text_ar": "التجربة المصرية تجربة رائعة ومتفردة ويمكن تكرارها مرة أخرى لحل القضية الفلسطينية وإنشاء دولة فلسطينية بجانب دولة إسرائيلية.\" — 2016 (seeded as unverified quote b812bd8a-d54a-4e9d-b6d0-9bf30e85bddb)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sisi 2016 UN General Assembly address (71st session)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8bf814ef-7ee7-40dc-866e-5192e9994b52", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000200", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "يد السلام ما زالت ممدودة عبر مبادرة السلام العربية.\" — 2016 (seeded as unverified quote b7181949-1e2f-4980-9ef5-7c6691495327)", "quote_text_ar": "يد السلام ما زالت ممدودة عبر مبادرة السلام العربية.\" — 2016 (seeded as unverified quote b7181949-1e2f-4980-9ef5-7c6691495327)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sisi 2016 UN General Assembly address (71st session)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1011868", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "1932eaf6-99a0-43e2-963d-d4ddd8c14150", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "Our brothers and sisters in Palestine must also taste the fruits of freedom and dignity.\" — 2012 (317ce5af)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Morsi 2012 UN General Assembly address (67th session) (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "7771467c-9b1f-4da2-ac5f-3dafc40d76d8", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "We are committed to what we have signed on.\" — 2012 (c392c0cc) — implicit Camp David affirmation", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Morsi 2012 UN General Assembly address (67th session) (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "72b9bd7a-1fee-4ac8-9a7b-97ccf58682fe", "politician_id": "85ba9b2e-b681-4012-a6d1-6ede75f9d115", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "I assure you of Egypt's full support to any course of action Palestine decides to follow in the United Nations.\" — 2012 (644d93ec)", "quote_text_ar": null, "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Morsi 2012 UN General Assembly address (67th session) (English translation of Arabic original)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.voltairenet.org/article176012.html", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "68988ebe-563d-492c-ab52-e390e5456732", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "لا سعادة لأحد على حساب شقاء الآخرين.\" — 1977 (seeded as tarek-verified quote c0440e13-c819-4fb5-849f-09bb3e2349e0)", "quote_text_ar": "لا سعادة لأحد على حساب شقاء الآخرين.\" — 1977 (seeded as tarek-verified quote c0440e13-c819-4fb5-849f-09bb3e2349e0)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sadat 1977 Knesset address (peace initiative)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "101f02a7-2ef6-48d6-81f0-491744a776d2", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "إنني لم أتحدث ولن أتحدث بلُغَتَيْن، ولم أتعامل ولن أتعامل بسياستَيْن.\" — 1977 (seeded as tarek-verified quote 64bb86fb-3c0a-4a26-94de-f699d45a69c5)", "quote_text_ar": "إنني لم أتحدث ولن أتحدث بلُغَتَيْن، ولم أتعامل ولن أتعامل بسياستَيْن.\" — 1977 (seeded as tarek-verified quote 64bb86fb-3c0a-4a26-94de-f699d45a69c5)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sadat 1977 Knesset address (peace initiative)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null }, { "id": "8ecf2c51-9dfb-454f-8915-36d49417032b", "politician_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000601", "party_id": null, "quote_text_en": "لقد جئت إليكم لكي نبني معاً السلام الدائم، العادل، حتى لا تُراق نقطة دم واحدة من جسد عربي أو إسرائيلي.\" — 1977 (seeded as tarek-verified quote 07bee4c6-f67b-41ab-b709-5a5c777b6963)", "quote_text_ar": "لقد جئت إليكم لكي نبني معاً السلام الدائم، العادل، حتى لا تُراق نقطة دم واحدة من جسد عربي أو إسرائيلي.\" — 1977 (seeded as tarek-verified quote 07bee4c6-f67b-41ab-b709-5a5c777b6963)", "quote_text_he": null, "context_en": "Sadat 1977 Knesset address (peace initiative)", "spoken_year": null, "source_citations": [ { "url": "https://www.palquest.org/ar/historictext/21735/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA", "note": "Candidate quote from the seeded source document (hunter-staged; unverified)." } ], "verification_status": "unverified", "last_reviewed_at": null, "last_reviewed_by": null, "difficulty": 3, "created_at": "2026-06-14T09:16:04.331524+00:00", "source_authority_tier": null } ], "tayyar_comparison_essays": [ { "id": "6f1e2275-dde7-4c50-b324-eb14dae33ada", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000022", "summary": "Israel's historical right–left axis. The maximalist-territorial Likud against the labor-Zionist tradition that built the state but now sits as a small opposition fragment.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Likud was founded in 1973 as a coalition of right-wing groups around Menachem Begin's Herut — itself the heir to Revisionist Zionism (Jabotinsky) and the Irgun. It won the 1977 election ending three decades of Labor dominance. The Israeli Labor Party traces back further: it is the heir of Mapai, the party of Ben-Gurion and the founding generation that built the institutions of the state.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The clearest cleavage is **territory and sovereignty**. Likud's 1977 platform held that \"between the Sea and the Jordan there will only be Israeli sovereignty,\" and the 1999 platform \"flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state.\" Labor's Rabin, by contrast, signed the Oslo Accords in 1993 and articulated a permanent settlement in which a Palestinian \"entity less than a state\" lived alongside Israel. On state-religion, Likud has anchored a hawkish religious-nationalist coalition since 2022; Labor remained the principal vehicle of secular labor-Zionism. On political economy, Labor's ideology was social-democratic and statist; Likud has been the architect of Israeli market liberalization since the 1980s.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both reject a right of return for Palestinian refugees, both insist Jerusalem remain Israel's undivided capital, both broadly support the IDF as a non-partisan institution, and both have governed in coalitions with religious parties.\n\n**Why it matters today.** Labor is now electorally marginal — single digits in the 25th Knesset — while Likud anchors the most right-wing coalition in Israel's history. The contest between them is no longer a parliamentary one; it is a contest over what kind of Israel the founding generation actually built.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00" }, { "id": "a5464851-4b9c-4638-9c30-ae3bbb24f300", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000030", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "summary": "The Palestinian split. Fatah's secular-nationalist PLO doctrine vs Hamas's Islamist resistance frame — the same national project across very different registers.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Fatah was founded in 1959 by Yasser Arafat and a small group of Palestinian exiles in Kuwait, and dominated the PLO from 1969. Its founding doctrine was secular-nationalist liberation through armed struggle (the 1964 Fatah Constitution calls armed struggle \"a strategy and not a tactic\"). Hamas was founded in 1987 during the First Intifada by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and the Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza; its 1988 charter framed Palestinian liberation as a religious-Islamic duty.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The deepest cleavage is **the religious frame**. Hamas is an Islamist movement; Fatah is secular-nationalist. On **recognition of Israel**: the PLO under Fatah formally recognised Israel in 1993 (the Letters of Mutual Recognition); Hamas has rejected recognition even in its 2017 Document of General Principles, which only accepts a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders \"without recognising the legitimacy of the Zionist entity.\" On **governance**, Fatah administers the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank under the Oslo framework; Hamas has governed Gaza since 2007 outside that framework, having won the 2006 legislative elections and then defeated Fatah militarily in Gaza.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both claim historical Palestine as their patrimony, both reject Israeli sovereignty over Palestinian territory, both face accusations of authoritarian governance in their areas of control, and both have used armed force against Israeli civilians.\n\n**Why it matters today.** The Hamas-Fatah split has been the central obstacle to Palestinian unity since 2007 and remains the structural backdrop of any post-war Gaza arrangement. The Mahmoud Abbas / PA leadership is in its 20th year of a four-year term.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00" }, { "id": "7f37b1dc-254b-4b35-a046-00f1694c152b", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003", "summary": "Lebanon's sharpest confessional rivalry. Hezbollah's Shia armed party-state vs the Lebanese Forces' Christian-right legacy of the civil war.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Hezbollah (\"Party of God\") was founded in 1982 amid Israel's invasion of Lebanon, under direct ideological and material patronage of Khomeinist Iran. It is a Shia Islamist movement, a political party, and the largest non-state armed force in the region. The Lebanese Forces emerged as a Christian-right paramilitary during the 1975–1990 civil war, originally the military wing of Bachir Gemayel's Kataeb-aligned coalition, then a political party under Samir Geagea after the war.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The cleavages are foundational: **confessional alignment** (Shia vs Maronite Christian), **regional patronage** (Iran-Syria axis vs historically aligned with the West and the GCC), **arms** (Hezbollah retains a heavy arsenal independent of the Lebanese state; the Lebanese Forces disarmed at the end of the civil war), and **sovereignty doctrine** (Hezbollah's \"resistance\" frame holds that its arms protect Lebanon from Israel; the LF holds that Hezbollah's arms are a state-within-a-state that subverts Lebanese sovereignty and drag the country into wars it does not choose). On **state-religion**, both are confessional parties, but operate in different traditions.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are products of the Lebanese civil war and both have governed in postwar coalitions. Both formally accept the Taif accord's confessional power-sharing arrangement, though both periodically challenge it.\n\n**Why it matters today.** After the 2024 Israel-Hezbollah war and the December 2024 fall of Assad, Hezbollah's regional axis has visibly weakened. The Lebanese Forces are part of the parliamentary opposition pressing for state monopoly on arms.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00" }, { "id": "82f28dbd-328e-4d81-b37a-1f168e84b2a9", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000024", "summary": "Israel's outer poles. The Jewish-nationalist mainstream right against the Arab-Jewish anti-Zionist socialist left.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Likud is the heir of Revisionist Zionism through Begin's Herut; it has been the dominant Israeli right-wing party since 1977. Hadash (Democratic Front for Peace and Equality) was founded in 1977 as a coalition led by the Israeli Communist Party (Maki), explicitly Jewish-Arab and anti-Zionist; it has been the political vehicle of Israel's organised socialist Arab-Jewish left.\n\n**Where they diverge.** This pair is the broadest cleavage in the Israeli system. On **the nature of the state**: Likud frames Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people and was a principal proponent of the 2018 Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People. Hadash explicitly rejects Zionism and demands \"a state of all its citizens.\" On **territory**: Likud's line is that \"between the Sea and the Jordan there will only be Israeli sovereignty\"; Hadash supports a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders and the right of return. On **political economy**: Likud has architected market liberalization; Hadash is a socialist party. On **religion-and-state**: Likud has anchored religious-nationalist coalitions; Hadash is secular.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Practically nothing in their positive doctrine. Both are Knesset parties that operate within Israeli electoral institutions. Both reject the Religious Zionism / Otzma Yehudit transferist far-right.\n\n**Why it matters today.** This is the structural opposition that defines the range of Israeli politics in public discourse. Hadash's leader Ayman Odeh has been the most consistent Knesset voice articulating a non-Zionist civic-equality position; Likud has been the architect of the most right-wing Israeli coalition in history.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00" }, { "id": "e0777270-d544-4354-b0f2-af4de762029a", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000011", "summary": "Egypt's two flavours of Islamism. Muslim Brotherhood electoralism vs Salafi literalism. Once allies, then rivals.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) was founded in 2011 as the political arm of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (founded 1928), riding the Tahrir revolution to victory in the 2011–2012 parliamentary and presidential elections. The Nour Party was founded in 2011 as the political arm of the Salafi Call (al-Da'wa al-Salafiyya), a long-standing literalist movement based primarily in Alexandria.\n\n**Where they diverge.** Both are Islamist, but in different Sunni traditions. The Muslim Brotherhood is **gradualist-electoralist**, with a long history of competing in Egyptian elections and operating networks of social services; doctrinally it draws on the framework of Hassan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb but updated for modern politics. Salafism is **literalist-puritanist**, rejecting bid'a (innovation) and historically rejecting electoral politics entirely — until the post-2011 opening. On **alliances**: FJP backed Morsi's presidency from 2012 to 2013; Nour broke with the Brotherhood and supported the July 2013 military removal of Morsi, then signed onto the Sisi-era constitutional process. On **state-religion**: both seek Islamic law as the principal source of legislation, but Nour's doctrinal literalism is harsher.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both supported Article 2 of the 1971 and 2014 Egyptian constitutions (\"Islam is the religion of the state, and the principles of Islamic Sharia are the principal source of legislation\"). Both opposed liberal-secular parties in 2011–2012.\n\n**Why it matters today.** FJP was dissolved by court order after the 2013 coup and the Brotherhood has been designated a terrorist organization since then. Nour remains the only formally Islamist party permitted to operate.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:09:15.995619+00:00" }, { "id": "9c56f16d-3287-4a6c-96bd-1c33071c8774", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000120", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000121", "summary": "Morocco's post-2011 settlement. PJD's Islamist-electoral project against RNI's liberal-monarchist business establishment — both inside the makhzen, on different sides of it.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Justice and Development Party (PJD, Hizb al-Adala wa al-Tanmiya) was founded in 1998 as the political wing of Morocco's Islamist movement, ideologically rooted in the Movement of Unity and Reform (MUR). The National Rally of Independents (RNI, Rassemblement National des Indépendants) was founded in 1978 by Ahmed Osman, King Hassan II's prime minister and brother-in-law, as a centrist-liberal vehicle of business and administrative elites.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The most direct cleavage is **religion and the state**. PJD seeks Islamic frames for social and educational policy; RNI is explicitly secular-liberal and pro-business. On **the king's role**: both are formally loyal to the throne (no Moroccan parliamentary party is otherwise), but PJD's 2011 mandate after the February 20 protests cast it as the reformist face within the makhzen; RNI's billionaire leader Aziz Akhannouch represents the establishment side. On **political economy**: RNI is the principal vehicle of Morocco's neoliberal coalition; PJD is more redistributive, with stronger ties to the informal sector. On **personal-status law**: PJD has resisted Mudawana reforms that RNI's urban constituency supports.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both formally accept the constitutional monarchy and the Commander of the Faithful's role over religious affairs. Both have governed in coalitions together (2016–2021). Both back the Moroccan Sahara Autonomy plan unconditionally.\n\n**Why it matters today.** PJD was punished at the polls in 2021 — Akhannouch's RNI replaced it as the leading party in the same election. The current Akhannouch government represents the most consolidated liberal-monarchist coalition in Moroccan history.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:48:41.20254+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:48:41.20254+00:00" }, { "id": "6874d0c1-049f-4346-9f99-144f9e80c189", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000301", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000302", "summary": "Iraq's Shia rift. The Maliki-rooted State of Law's pro-Iran muqawama coalition against Hikma's Sistani-aligned Iraqi-nationalist clerical-electoral project.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The State of Law Coalition (I'tilaf Dawlat al-Qanoun) was founded by Nouri al-Maliki in 2009 as a vehicle for his second-term Dawa-party-led government; Dawa itself dates to 1957. The National Wisdom Movement (Tayyar al-Hikma al-Watani) was founded in 2017 by Ammar al-Hakim, who broke from the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (founded 1982 in Tehran as SCIRI) to form a more nationally-oriented Iraqi Shia movement.\n\n**Where they diverge.** Both are Shia, both endorse a parliamentary system under the post-2003 constitution, but the **regional alignment** axis cleaves them sharply. State of Law sits inside the Coordination Framework, the pro-Iran muqawama coalition that includes the IRGC-aligned Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq and Kata'ib Hezbollah blocs. Hikma is aligned with the Najaf-centered, Sistani-aligned clerical establishment that has consistently pushed against Iranian dominance and toward a \"Iraq-first\" Shia identity. On **militia integration**: State of Law has been the principal political backer of the Popular Mobilisation Forces (PMF) as a permanent state institution; Hikma has pushed for state monopoly on arms. On **Sunni reconciliation**: Hikma's rhetoric is more inclusive; State of Law's legacy includes the 2013 raid on Hawija and the rise of ISIS-friendly grievances.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both endorse a unified Iraqi state against KRG independence claims. Both broadly accept the post-2003 muhasasa (confessional power-sharing) system, even when criticising it.\n\n**Why it matters today.** With the 2024 Sadrist withdrawal from electoral politics, State of Law is the de facto leading Shia bloc. Hikma's smaller seat count gives it brokerage influence in coalition formation.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:48:41.20254+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:48:41.20254+00:00" }, { "id": "132125a9-9f3c-48eb-bf00-5506c4134c9e", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000024", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000048", "summary": "Israel's outer poles in their most explicit form. Kahanist Jewish-supremacist territorial maximalism against Arab-Jewish anti-Zionist socialism.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Otzma Yehudit (\"Jewish Power\") was founded in 2012 by Itamar Ben-Gvir and Baruch Marzel as the heir of Meir Kahane's Kach movement (banned from the Knesset in 1988 under Israel's anti-racism law). It is explicitly Kahanist, drawing from Kahane's framework of Jewish supremacy and Arab \"transfer.\" Hadash was founded in 1977 as a Jewish-Arab anti-Zionist coalition led by the Israeli Communist Party (Maki); it has been the political home of Israel's organised Arab-Jewish left for nearly half a century.\n\n**Where they diverge.** This is the broadest doctrinal gap available in the Israeli system, possibly the broadest of any two Knesset parties. On **the state**: Otzma Yehudit explicitly seeks a Jewish-supremacist state with reduced or removed Arab citizenship rights; Hadash explicitly rejects Zionism and demands \"a state of all its citizens.\" On **territory**: Otzma seeks Israeli sovereignty between the river and the sea plus transfer of Palestinian populations; Hadash supports a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders and the right of return. On **religion-and-state**: Otzma is religious-Zionist with strong settler-rabbinical influence; Hadash is secular. On **political economy**: Otzma is right-wing populist; Hadash is socialist. On **the Israeli criminal-justice system**: Ben-Gvir as Minister of National Security has reshaped police doctrine in ways Hadash's MKs have called \"fascist.\"\n\n**Where they overlap.** Practically nothing in positive doctrine. Both are Knesset parties operating within Israeli electoral institutions; both have used the floor to challenge the legitimacy of the other's positions.\n\n**Why it matters today.** Otzma Yehudit is in the current Israeli coalition. Hadash is in the opposition. The system that contains both is the system most stress-tested by the post-October 7 war.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T14:48:41.20254+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T14:48:41.20254+00:00" }, { "id": "69f31d98-2b85-4545-b0c9-2a37cf010b59", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "summary": "The headline cleavage. Israel's Jewish-nationalist mainstream right against the Palestinian Islamist resistance movement. Two parties that don't recognise the other's right to exist on the same land.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Likud was founded in 1973 as a coalition around Menachem Begin's Herut — itself the heir of Jabotinsky's Revisionist Zionism. It won the 1977 Israeli election ending three decades of Labor dominance and has been the dominant Israeli right-wing party ever since. Hamas was founded in December 1987 during the First Intifada by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and the Gaza branch of the Muslim Brotherhood; its 1988 charter framed Palestinian liberation as a religious-Islamic duty.\n\n**Where they diverge.** Almost every axis. On **the legitimacy of the other state**: Likud's 1999 platform \"flatly rejects the establishment of a Palestinian Arab state\"; Hamas's 1988 charter and 2017 General Principles both reject the legitimacy of \"the Zionist entity.\" On **territory**: both make maximalist claims to the same land between the river and the sea. On **religion-and-state**: Likud anchors a religious-nationalist Jewish coalition; Hamas is a Sunni Islamist movement applying religious framing to nationalism. On **acceptable methods**: Likud as the governing party uses state military force; Hamas as an armed group has used suicide attacks, rocket fire, and on 7 October 2023 a cross-border massacre — the precipitating event of the current Gaza war.\n\n**Where they overlap.** A surprising amount of structural similarity. Both are nationalist projects that frame their conflict in existential and quasi-religious terms. Both reject the two-state solution as Western diplomats describe it. Both have ridden their respective conflicts to the right and toward more religious-conservative coalitions over the past two decades.\n\n**Why it matters today.** This pair is the war. Netanyahu's Likud-led coalition has fought a war in Gaza against Hamas since 7 October 2023 in which approximately 60,000 Palestinians have been killed and a generation of children injured. Almost every other comparison in this corpus is downstream of this one.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00" }, { "id": "39ff2a70-2f5d-498c-b124-f88ce8c163be", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000080", "summary": "The Shia Lebanese pair. The Khomeinist armed party-state against the secular-nationalist legacy movement. Adversaries in the 1980s, allies since the early 2000s.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Amal (\"Hope,\" the Arabic acronym for Lebanese Resistance Detachments) was founded by the Iranian-born Lebanese cleric Imam Musa al-Sadr in 1974–1975 as the political and armed arm of the Movement of the Disinherited, the founding mass movement of modern Shia Lebanese political consciousness. After Sadr's 1978 disappearance in Libya, the movement was reorganised by Nabih Berri, who has led it ever since. Hezbollah was founded in 1982 amid Israel's Lebanon invasion under Khomeinist Iranian patronage; many of its founding cadres broke from Amal because Amal under Berri pursued state-integrated electoral politics while the Hezbollah founders sought direct armed resistance with Iranian ideological alignment.\n\n**Where they diverge.** **Religious-political doctrine** is the deepest cleavage in origin: Amal is a secular-nationalist Shia movement; Hezbollah is an explicitly Khomeinist Islamist movement endorsing the wilayat al-faqih doctrine of Iranian clerical leadership. **Regional patronage**: Amal's ties with Iran are pragmatic; Hezbollah's are foundational. **Arms**: Hezbollah retains an arsenal independent of the Lebanese state; Amal's militia was largely absorbed into the postwar Lebanese Army and security services after Taif. **Sectarian leadership**: Amal's leadership style is patronage-secular under Berri; Hezbollah's is religious-clerical under successive Secretaries-General (Mughniyeh, Musawi, Nasrallah, Naim Qassem).\n\n**Where they overlap.** Since the early 2000s these are operationally allied movements in Lebanese politics — the \"Shia duo\" controls almost the entire Shia parliamentary bloc and a unified position in every cabinet formation. Both reject Lebanese-Forces-style Christian-right framings; both broadly support Hezbollah's arms in current rhetoric.\n\n**Why it matters today.** After the 2024 Israel-Hezbollah war, the 2024 Israeli assassinations of Hezbollah's top leadership including Nasrallah, and the December 2024 fall of Assad — Hezbollah's regional axis is visibly weakened. The Shia duo's control of the Lebanese state is the central political question of post-war Lebanese politics.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00" }, { "id": "cd051b14-02a8-4f0e-9f88-4eec857474a2", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000003", "summary": "The Christian Lebanese rift. Aoun's FPM-Hezbollah alliance against Geagea's Lebanese Forces opposition. The same Maronite political constituency split into two pro-state and anti-Hezbollah camps.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Lebanese Forces emerged as a Christian-right paramilitary during the 1975–1990 civil war, originally the military arm of Bachir Gemayel's Kataeb-aligned coalition, then a political party under Samir Geagea after the war. The Free Patriotic Movement was founded in 2005 by Michel Aoun, the Maronite Army general who returned from Paris exile after Syria's withdrawal from Lebanon, building on his 1990 anti-Syrian anti-Geagea base.\n\n**Where they diverge.** This is the **single most-defining cleavage in Maronite politics** of the past twenty years. The pivot is the **2006 Mar Mikhael agreement** in which the FPM signed a memorandum of understanding with Hezbollah, formally allying Aoun's Christian movement with the Iran-aligned Shia armed resistance. The Lebanese Forces have opposed Hezbollah's arms ever since. On **the Syrian regime**: the FPM aligned with Assad-era Syria post-2008; the LF was the principal vocal opponent of Syrian influence. On **the 2019 thawra protests**: the LF supported the protests against the Aoun-FPM political establishment; the FPM opposed the protests. On **personality**: the rivalry is structurally personal — Aoun and Geagea have a 1980s wartime feud unresolved in the postwar era.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are Christian-right parties operating within the Taif confessional power-sharing arrangement. Both formally accept the 1989 Taif agreement. Both compete for the same Christian electoral base, splitting Maronite political representation in every Lebanese parliament since 2005.\n\n**Why it matters today.** With FPM founder Aoun out of the presidency since October 2022, his son-in-law Gebran Bassil leading a weakened FPM, and Hezbollah materially diminished post-2024 war, the Lebanese Forces have ascended as the leading parliamentary Christian voice. The Maronite political balance has shifted further from the FPM than at any point since 2005.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00" }, { "id": "73ff372d-1a96-4bf6-8ad1-04b5f5335488", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000020", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000023", "summary": "The Israeli right-wing coalition pact. Likud's mainstream Jewish nationalism allied with the Religious Zionism Party's settler-clerical maximalism. Same coalition, different theological registers.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Likud is the heir of Revisionist Zionism through Begin's Herut, dominant Israeli right-wing party since 1977. The Religious Zionism Party was founded in 2021 as the political vehicle of the Tkuma faction of National Union, anchored by Bezalel Smotrich and aligned with the post-Gush Emunim settler-rabbinical tradition. The party formally absorbed Otzma Yehudit in the 2022 election (running on a joint slate); the two govern as separate factions inside the same coalition.\n\n**Where they diverge.** On **the theological frame**: Likud is religious-friendly but politically Jewish-secular in origin; Religious Zionism is explicitly halakhic in its program, drawing from Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook's and Rabbi Zvi Yehuda Kook's frameworks of Land-of-Israel sovereignty as religious obligation. On **judicial reform**: Smotrich's Religious Zionism Party has been the most aggressive proponent of the 2023 judicial-overhaul package; Likud led the coalition but contains moderate figures (Saar, Gallant) who broke with the plan. On **the West Bank**: both support sovereignty but Religious Zionism explicitly seeks annexation; Likud's public position remains more ambiguous. On **the 2018 Nation-State Law**: Likud passed it; Religious Zionism would have gone further.\n\n**Where they overlap.** They are the same governing coalition. Both reject a Palestinian state. Both supported the post-October 7 war in Gaza and the West Bank expansion that followed. Both have absorbed Otzma Yehudit as a junior partner. Both are anchored in the religious-settler movement's political ascendancy of the past fifteen years.\n\n**Why it matters today.** The Netanyahu-Smotrich coalition is the most right-wing government in Israeli history, and its programmatic direction during the 2023 judicial reform, the post-October 7 war, and the proposed West Bank annexation discussions has been shaped as much by Smotrich's framework as by Netanyahu's.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T15:48:58.532343+00:00" }, { "id": "e0496f59-c7d7-4bd8-8669-631876ca1418", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "summary": "The axis of resistance, by sect. Iranian-backed Shia Islamist party-army against Muslim Brotherhood-rooted Sunni Islamist resistance movement. Allies against the same adversary, doctrinally distinct in almost every other respect.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Hezbollah was founded in 1982 amid Israel's Lebanon invasion under direct Iranian patronage; its founding cadres broke from Amal's electoral-nationalist line to pursue armed resistance with Khomeinist ideological alignment. Hamas was founded in December 1987 during the First Intifada by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and the Gaza branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, whose Egyptian parent organisation predates Hamas by 59 years.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The deepest cleavage is **sectarian doctrine**. Hezbollah endorses the Khomeinist wilayat al-faqih doctrine of Iranian clerical leadership — a Shia institutional theology with no equivalent in Sunni jurisprudence. Hamas's 1988 charter and 2017 Document of General Principles draw on Sunni Brotherhood frameworks (Hassan al-Banna, Sayyid Qutb); they would not subordinate Palestinian decision-making to a non-Palestinian cleric. On **regional patronage**: Hezbollah's relationship with Iran is foundational and institutional (IRGC funding, training, weapons); Hamas's is pragmatic and conditional (significant before the 2011 Syria civil war when Hamas broke with Assad-Iran over Syria's suppression of its Sunni opposition; partially repaired since). On **organisational shape**: Hezbollah is a unified party-army-social-services apparatus with a clear hierarchy; Hamas has historically maintained a sharper separation between its political bureau (formerly in Damascus, then Doha) and its military Qassam Brigades.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are armed Islamist movements that reject the legitimacy of the Israeli state. Both have governed territory (south Lebanon for Hezbollah; Gaza for Hamas since 2007). Both are designated terrorist organisations by the United States and the EU. Both have lost top leadership to Israeli targeted killings — Mughniyeh, Musawi, Nasrallah, Hashem Safi al-Din (Hezbollah); Sheikh Yassin, Rantissi, Haniyeh, Sinwar (Hamas).\n\n**Why it matters today.** The \"axis of resistance\" frame holds in the abstract — both fought Israel after October 7 — but the differential damage tells the story. Hezbollah's top leadership has been decapitated and its arsenal substantially degraded; Hamas's military structure inside Gaza has been heavily attritted but the movement has not surrendered. The axis is materially smaller than it was on 6 October 2023.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00" }, { "id": "bdfc29c5-321a-49ac-8123-9cb2e298a8d9", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "summary": "Brotherhood electoral vs Brotherhood armed. Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood's 2011 electoral vehicle against the Palestinian Brotherhood branch that became Hamas. Same religious-political tradition, two political ecologies.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) was founded in 2011 as the political arm of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood (Hassan al-Banna's movement, founded 1928). It rode the Tahrir revolution to victory in the 2011–2012 parliamentary and presidential elections under Mohamed Morsi. Hamas was founded in December 1987 by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and the Gaza branch of the same Brotherhood movement during the First Intifada. The two parties share doctrinal lineage; they are not the same organisation.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The cleavage is **strategic mode**: the Egyptian Brotherhood committed to electoral participation from the 1970s onward (winning seats as \"independents\" under Mubarak); Hamas built a parallel armed wing (Qassam Brigades) from inception. On **recognition of the other state**: under Morsi the FJP government maintained Egypt's 1979 Camp David peace treaty with Israel; Hamas's 2017 Document of General Principles still does not recognise Israel's legitimacy. On **state capture**: the FJP held all top Egyptian executive offices for 12 months in 2012-2013 before the military removed Morsi; Hamas has held Gaza since 2007 outside any internationally-recognised state framework.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Doctrinal roots in the same Brotherhood tradition. Both supported the Article 2 framework that Islamic law is \"the principal source of legislation.\" Both have been designated terrorist organisations by Egypt (FJP since 2013, Hamas in various windows). Both have suffered the systematic killing or imprisonment of their senior leadership over the 2013-2024 window — Morsi died in detention in 2019; Haniyeh, Sinwar, and most of the Hamas political bureau leadership have been assassinated since 2024.\n\n**Why it matters today.** The FJP-Hamas cleavage matters because it shows that the same religious-political tradition produces very different political behaviour under different institutional pressures. The Egyptian Brotherhood's gamble was to participate in a state and lost; the Palestinian Brotherhood's gamble was to build a state under occupation and is being broken by it.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00" }, { "id": "269417c2-56a3-4e38-9c66-a51ff52683ae", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000110", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000120", "summary": "Maghreb Islamist electoralism. Tunisia's Ennahda against Morocco's PJD. Same Brotherhood-influenced tradition, very different state structures.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Ennahda was founded in 1981 by Rached Ghannouchi as the Movement of Islamic Tendency (MTI), banned and repressed under Bourguiba and Ben Ali, returning legally after the 2011 revolution to win the first post-revolution Constituent Assembly election. PJD (Justice and Development Party) was founded in 1998 as the political arm of Morocco's Movement of Unity and Reform (MUR), and won the 2011 election after the February 20 protests, governing Morocco for ten years through 2021.\n\n**Where they diverge.** **State structure**: Tunisia is a republic where the Islamist party can compete for executive power; Morocco is a constitutional monarchy where the king retains ultimate authority and PJD coexisted with the makhzen. On **religion-and-politics framing**: Ennahda formally re-branded after 2016 as \"Muslim Democrats\" — abandoning Islamism as a political-program label while keeping Islam as a personal-values reference; PJD remains explicitly Islamist in self-description. On **historical regime relations**: Ennahda was imprisoned and exiled by the prior regime; PJD has always operated as a tolerated electoral participant within the monarchic system. On **2021 trajectory**: Ennahda was crushed by Saied's post-July-25 power grab and its leadership including Ghannouchi imprisoned; PJD was electorally punished in 2021, replaced by Akhannouch's RNI but remains a legal parliamentary opposition.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are Maghreb Brotherhood-tradition Islamist parties. Both accepted democratic-electoral participation as their primary mode. Both governed for periods of the 2011-2021 decade. Both have struggled with the political costs of governing in coalition with secular partners. Both maintain Sunni doctrinal continuity with Hassan al-Banna's movement, though both have substantially modernised their public face.\n\n**Why it matters today.** This pair captures the trajectory of post-Arab-Spring Maghreb Islamism: electoral victories followed by either authoritarian rollback (Tunisia) or electoral defeat (Morocco). Whether the tradition continues to find space in the region is one of the central political questions of the 2020s.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00" }, { "id": "e69b5ca0-d002-4f47-9f19-5dcaba5e7956", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000520", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000521", "summary": "Bahrain's confessional rift. Al-Wefaq's Shia opposition (now banned) against Al-Asalah's Sunni Salafi establishment. The structural cleavage of Bahraini politics.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society was founded in 2001 as the political vehicle of Bahrain's majority Shia population, drawing on Sheikh Isa Qassim's clerical leadership and the framework of Bahrain's Shia religious authorities (marja'iyya). It was the leading opposition party from 2001 until its dissolution. Islamic Asalah Society was founded in 2002 as the Salafi Sunni party, doctrinally aligned with Saudi-influenced Salafi thought, supportive of the Khalifa monarchy.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The fundamental cleavage is **sectarian and structural**. Al-Wefaq's base is Shia (60-70% of Bahraini citizens); Al-Asalah's is Sunni (30-40%, including the ruling Khalifa family). On **constitutional position**: Al-Wefaq sought constitutional reform — an elected upper house, prime minister from parliament, end to political naturalisation of Sunni migrants — that would reshape Bahrain's political geography toward majority-rule; Al-Asalah supports the current monarchic framework. On **2011 protests**: Al-Wefaq's elected MPs resigned en masse in February 2011 to join the pro-democracy Pearl Roundabout protests; Al-Asalah and the National Unity Gathering organised pro-monarchy counter-mobilisation. On **regional alignment**: Al-Wefaq has been accused (and explicitly accused itself) of receiving guidance from Iran-aligned clerics; Al-Asalah aligns with Saudi-Salafi institutional theology.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both operate (or operated, in Al-Wefaq's case) within Bahrain's constitutional framework. Both are religious parties accepting Islamic law's constitutional centrality. Both reject secular-liberal framings of the state. Neither has accepted the legitimacy of the other's mass base as a partner in governance.\n\n**Why it matters today.** Al-Wefaq was dissolved by Bahraini courts in 2016 and its leadership including Ali Salman has been imprisoned since 2014. Al-Asalah holds seats in the elected Council of Representatives. The compression of the Shia opposition into illegality is the central feature of Bahraini politics, and any genuine political opening would have to reverse it.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:10:38.105577+00:00" }, { "id": "cd6d4d90-c8b1-49ba-8987-33683343055e", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000031", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000032", "summary": "Palestinian armed Islamism, by lineage. Hamas's Brotherhood roots against PIJ's Khomeinist-revolutionary doctrine. Allied in the field, doctrinally distinct in origin.", "body_md": "**Origins.** Hamas was founded in 1987 during the First Intifada by the Gaza Muslim Brotherhood under Sheikh Ahmed Yassin — a Sunni Brotherhood organisation with a half-century parent history. Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) was founded in 1981 by Fathi Shaqaqi and Abdul Aziz Awda — Brotherhood members who broke with the parent organisation specifically because they wanted the Iranian Revolution's 1979 revolutionary-vanguard model applied to Palestine. The founders called for armed struggle FIRST and broad social-Islamic transformation second; Brotherhood doctrine put da'wa (preaching) first.\n\n**Where they diverge.** On **religious-political doctrine**: PIJ explicitly endorses Khomeinist wilayat al-faqih (the Iranian Supreme Leader's clerical sovereignty), making it the only Sunni movement in the world that does so; Hamas's Brotherhood frame does not. On **regional patronage**: PIJ has the closest direct IRGC operational relationship of any Palestinian armed group; Hamas's relationship with Iran is significant but politically negotiated. On **electoral participation**: Hamas's political wing has run in Palestinian elections and governed Gaza since 2007; PIJ has never participated in Palestinian elections — viewing electoral participation as a betrayal of revolutionary doctrine. On **social services**: Hamas runs an extensive welfare network; PIJ is principally militant.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both reject Israel's legitimacy. Both refuse the Oslo framework and the two-state solution as outlined by the PA. Both have armed wings (Qassam Brigades for Hamas; al-Quds Brigades for PIJ). Both have lost senior leadership to Israeli targeted killings — Shaqaqi 1995, Awda various times; Yassin 2004, Haniyeh 2024, Sinwar 2024. Both participated in the 7 October 2023 attack.\n\n**Why it matters today.** PIJ is often described as smaller and more ideologically pure than Hamas; the operational distinction between the two during the Gaza war has been minimal but the political distinction remains. If a post-war Palestinian arrangement requires any armed group to disarm, the order in which the two consent — or refuse — will define what comes next.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00" }, { "id": "f3f8980b-0f44-4792-847d-59b9bb735601", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000021", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000022", "summary": "Israeli centre-left, by generation. Labor's founding-Zionism legacy against Yesh Atid's post-Zionist secular-liberal urban politics. The Israeli \"centre\" rebuilt around different constituencies.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Israeli Labor Party is the heir of Mapai, the party of Ben-Gurion and the founding generation that built the institutions of the state in the 1948 declaration period. It dominated Israeli politics from 1948 to 1977 and led the Oslo Accords as the senior partner in the 1992-95 Rabin government. Yesh Atid (\"There is a Future\") was founded in 2012 by former television journalist Yair Lapid as a secular middle-class centrist party explicitly NOT tied to the labor-Zionist founding tradition; Lapid is the son of Tommy Lapid (Shinui) and inherits Shinui's secular-anti-clerical orientation.\n\n**Where they diverge.** On **founding-Zionist tradition**: Labor IS the founding tradition; Yesh Atid explicitly distances itself from it as a 20th-century artefact that the new Israeli middle class has outgrown. On **religion-and-state**: both are secular-leaning, but Yesh Atid has been the most aggressive parliamentary advocate of removing ultra-Orthodox draft exemptions; Labor's historical coalitions with religious parties make its position more compromised. On **the two-state solution**: Labor's public position remains the Oslo two-state framework; Yesh Atid endorses two states but its base is less committed than Labor's historical doctrine. On **political-economy**: Labor's formal program is social-democratic; Yesh Atid is middle-class liberal with weaker redistributive commitments.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are secular-liberal, both oppose the Religious Zionism / Otzma Yehudit far-right, both supported the 2023-24 democracy-protest movement against the Netanyahu judicial overhaul, both have been the principal vehicles of the Israeli centre at different moments of the 2010s-2020s. Both supported the post-October 7 war while criticising specific government decisions.\n\n**Why it matters today.** Labor is now electorally marginal; Yesh Atid is the principal opposition party. The succession from one to the other represents a sociological shift in Israeli politics: from kibbutz-and-Histadrut to Tel Aviv-suburb-and-tech.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00" }, { "id": "82002f12-b57f-4f30-9100-3eaebfa95ed7", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000002", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000005", "summary": "Maronite right against Aoun's Christian-Hezbollah pivot. Kataeb's civil-war Christian-right legacy against FPM's alliance with Hezbollah. The Christian Lebanese pair that doesn't include the Lebanese Forces.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Kataeb (Phalanges) Party was founded in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel, modelling itself on European nationalist movements of the inter-war period (the trip to the 1936 Berlin Olympics is foundational lore). It was the dominant Christian-right party of the early-postwar Lebanese Republic and provided the militia core of the civil-war Lebanese Forces under Bachir Gemayel before the LF spun off as a separate organisation in the 1980s. The Free Patriotic Movement was founded in 2005 by Michel Aoun, the Maronite Army general who returned from Paris exile after Syria's withdrawal from Lebanon.\n\n**Where they diverge.** The central cleavage of Maronite politics: the **2006 Mar Mikhael agreement** in which the FPM signed a memorandum of understanding with Hezbollah, formally allying Aoun's Christian movement with the Iran-aligned Shia armed resistance. Kataeb has opposed Hezbollah's arms throughout the postwar period and was a principal voice in the 2005 Cedar Revolution that demanded Syrian withdrawal. On **the Syrian regime**: the FPM aligned with Assad's Syria after 2008; Kataeb was the principal vocal opponent of Syrian influence both during the Hafez al-Assad era and Bashar al-Assad era. On **port explosion accountability**: Kataeb chair Sami Gemayel was one of the loudest voices demanding accountability after the 2020 Beirut blast; the FPM's Bassil family was implicated by the investigation.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are Christian-right parties operating within the Taif confessional power-sharing arrangement. Both formally accept the 1989 Taif agreement. Both compete for the same Maronite electoral base, alongside the Lebanese Forces (which split off from the Kataeb-Phalanges tradition in the 1980s).\n\n**Why it matters today.** Kataeb has been a small parliamentary opposition voice through the 2010s and 2020s. The FPM was the leading Christian party while Aoun held the presidency 2016-2022; under Bassil's leadership since 2022 it has weakened. The Christian-right space is now structured around Kataeb + Lebanese Forces opposing FPM's residual Hezbollah-alignment legacy.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00" }, { "id": "d8239c20-7e2c-41d2-bc42-7dd0f4f3e754", "party_a_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000010", "party_b_id": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000012", "summary": "Egyptian political traditions, two centuries apart. The Wafd's liberal-nationalist legacy from the 1919 revolution against the Brotherhood's 2011 electoral vehicle. Both attempts at Egyptian political pluralism, both crushed by the same logic.", "body_md": "**Origins.** The Wafd Party was founded in 1919 by Saad Zaghloul to lead a Wafd (\"Delegation\") to the post-WWI Paris peace conference to demand Egyptian independence from British rule. It was the dominant Egyptian nationalist party from the 1920s to the 1952 Free Officers revolution that abolished it. The New Wafd Party (1978) is the legal successor under Sadat-era liberalisation. The Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) was founded in 2011 as the political arm of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (Hassan al-Banna's movement, founded 1928), riding the Tahrir revolution to win the 2011-12 parliamentary and presidential elections.\n\n**Where they diverge.** On **the role of Islam in the state**: the Wafd is secular-liberal in the Egyptian tradition, accepting Article 2's \"Islam is the religion of the state\" formulation but resisting the Brotherhood's positive-obligation framing; FJP sought broader Sharia centrality. On **political economy**: the Wafd's base is the urban bourgeoisie and the (smaller, now) liberal professional class; FJP's base was the urban-rural Islamist movement and informal-sector commerce. On **historical legitimacy**: the Wafd carries the moral authority of the 1919 revolution and the early-republican civil-rights tradition; FJP carried the moral authority of the 2011 revolution.\n\n**Where they overlap.** Both are Egyptian political parties. Both have governed Egypt at different historical moments. Both have been suppressed by military governments — the Wafd by Nasser's 1953 dissolution of all political parties, FJP by Sisi's 2013-2014 designation of the Brotherhood as a terrorist organisation. Both today are marginalised in an Egyptian political system that no longer admits real opposition.\n\n**Why it matters today.** Mostly because the contrast is structural, not personal. Egypt has dissolved two of its three most consequential 20th-century political traditions (the Wafd's and the Brotherhood's). The third, the National Democratic Party of Mubarak, was dissolved in 2011. The Sisi era inherits a political landscape stripped of its three main parties of the past century.", "author": "tarek", "last_reviewed_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00", "created_at": "2026-06-08T16:49:37.067831+00:00" } ] } }